Lecture 6: Investigating an Outbreak

<p>11.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To quantify the relationships between exposures and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish that there is no association between the exposure and the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no relationship between the exposure and the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a $p$-value to test the null hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isolating those affected and disposing of contaminated food</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish that there is an association between the exposure and the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To confirm the findings from the analytic studies and explain the cause of the outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor the effectiveness of the control and prevention measures implemented</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering vaccinations to those at risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a range of plausible values for the risk ratio or odds ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control and prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Officials discover an increase in the number of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outbreak or epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An outbreak is when the number of cases is more than expected, while a cluster is an aggregation of cases without regard to whether the number is more than expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To better understand the clinical features of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laboratory results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify who should be included in the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient information about the clinical features of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Develop a treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control and prevent the spread of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a reference for health departments encountering a similar outbreak in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood Mortality Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A proportion compares a part to the whole, while a rate measures the frequency of an event over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present the findings and recommendations of the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be used as a descriptive measure or an analytic tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal refers to mortality within the first 28 days of life, while Postneonatal refers to mortality from 28 days to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the severity of an illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence describes the probability of developing a disease, while Prevalence describes the proportion of the population with a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk ratio for those who ate beef was 11.6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The odds ratio for those who shopped at Grocery Store A was 11.6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To summarize the outbreak by time, place, and person in order to characterize the outbreak and provide clues about the source and modes of transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not describe the key difference between incidence and prevalence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attack rate is 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To quantify the uncertainty around the estimate of effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To state the hypothesis that the researcher hopes to prove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demographic characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not mention an oral briefing for local authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not describe the key difference between a proportion and a rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the observed difference in exposure between cases and controls is due to chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results are not statistically significant and there is a possibility of no relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assume the exposure and disease are not related</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assume the exposure and disease are related</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence measures new cases, while prevalence measures all existing cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To indicate the range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symptoms of the disease may not be well-defined or recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To confirm the findings from the epidemiologic investigation and explain the reasons for the outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if new cases are slowing down or stopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect public health by identifying the cause and controlling the outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The severity of the disease and the existence of effective control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a standardized set of criteria for identifying and classifying cases consistently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those who ate beef were 2.5 times more likely to become ill than those who did not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An outbreak is the occurrence of more cases than expected, while a cluster is an aggregation of cases without regard to the expected number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk of disease in the exposed group is significantly different from the risk in the unexposed group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepare for field work by addressing scientific, investigative, management, and operational issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The odds of becoming ill for those who shopped at Grocery Store A were 3.2 times higher than the odds for those who did not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent the hypothesis that the observed association between the exposure and the disease is due to chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the proportion of cases that result in death due to the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the source of the outbreak and prevent further spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures the severity of an illness by comparing the number of deaths to new cases over a specified period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2% of the population has the disease at that point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Ratio and a Proportion are distinct measures, with a Ratio comparing any two values, and a Proportion comparing a part to the whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Neonatal Mortality Rate considers deaths from birth up to 28 days, while the Postneonatal Mortality Rate covers the period from 28 days to 1 year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps identify the population at risk and calculate attack rates and other epidemiologic measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stem should contain references to 'the text' or 'according to the content' to provide context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a reference for health departments encountering a similar outbreak in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a platform for the investigator to describe their findings and recommendations for action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It quantifies the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population, without adjusting for age or other factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure of central location</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death to Case Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratios can have unrelated numerator and denominator, while proportions must have a numerator that is included in the denominator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratios can have unrelated numerator and denominator, while proportions must have a numerator that is included in the denominator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the severity of the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence measures the occurrence of new cases over time, while Prevalence measures the proportion of the population with the disease at a point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence measures the probability of developing a disease, while prevalence measures the proportion of the population with the disease at a given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the proportion of deaths attributable to a specific cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause-specific mortality rates are limited to a specific cause of death, while age-specific mortality rates are limited to a specific age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To standardize the identification of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rates measure the frequency of an event over time, while proportions compare a part to the whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the severity of the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal mortality rate measures deaths in the first 28 days of life, while postneonatal mortality rate measures deaths between 28 days and 1 year of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To standardize the identification of cases for the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attack Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing causes of death in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measures frequency over a specific period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incidence Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers