Lecture 1: Types of Government & Economic Systems

<p>It restricts the power of the government through mechanisms like checks and balances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a filter for public opinion, making decisions based on the best interests of the nation as a whole. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socialism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laissez-Faire Capitalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulated Capitalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Profit and compensation according to the market value of their work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservatives believe that government should play a minimal role in addressing inequalities, while liberals believe government has a responsibility to create a more equitable society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social conservatives prioritize preserving traditional norms and values, while social liberals advocate for government-driven initiatives to reshape the social fabric. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberals see freedom as a collective responsibility, achieved through government action to address inequalities, while conservatives see freedom as an individual pursuit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberals favor an expanded role for government in promoting social justice and equality, while conservatives advocate for a limited government that primarily protects individual liberties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain social order and protect individual property rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pursuit of social justice and equality through government action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Divine Right of Kings theory derives authority from God, while Classical Liberalism derives authority from the consent of the governed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals possess inherent natural rights that the government must protect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect individual rights and limit the power of the state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of social contract theories and the emergence of Enlightenment thought. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that authority derives from God and grants absolute power to the monarch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To overthrow a government that violates their rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A government whose power is restricted by constitutional principles and the rule of law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Declaration serves as a blueprint for American political culture, with its principles continuing to inform modern political discourse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that government power is limited to what people authorize, protecting individual liberties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces limited government by illustrating that power derives from the people, not from an inherent right of the government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consent of the governed protects freedom by preventing government overreach and tyranny. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clause that gives Congress implied powers beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gave the federal government too much power over the states in regulating commerce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It would lead to a tyranny of the majority, where powerful factions could suppress the rights of minorities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process requires a supermajority vote in both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states, making it a very complex and lengthy process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States operated independently and viewed themselves as separate nations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unanimous consent from all thirteen states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each state issued its own currency, leading to trade disputes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To address the weaknesses of the existing national government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local units of government hold the most power with limited authority granted to the national level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of a standing army and dependence on state militias for protection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disputes and inconsistent policies developed among states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The allocation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Constitution is the highest law of the land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granting titles of nobility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People are self-interested and ambitious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distribution of power between federal and state governments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing a national religion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Checks and balances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhode Island (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A suspect is detained for several days before being formally charged with a crime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sixth Amendment provides specific protections that contribute to ensuring a fair and just legal process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals have the right to legal representation during criminal proceedings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'double jeopardy' clause does not apply to mistrials, where the trial was prematurely ended due to a procedural error or other unforeseen event. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government must pay the property owner its fair market value, regardless of any emotional or sentimental value attached to the property. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requiring gun owners to purchase insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Police receive a tip from an anonymous source about illegal activity in a home (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It views firearm ownership as a fundamental right, separate from militia service. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person posting an online comment that incites violence against a specific group of people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amendment 15 focused primarily on prohibiting racial discrimination in voting, while the Voting Rights Act of 1965 addressed other forms of voter suppression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A local political party holds a private fundraising event that excludes members of a certain race. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate all forms of discrimination based on sex, encompassing areas like voting, employment, and property ownership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be influenced by societal norms and practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amendment 15 was a response to the end of slavery, while Amendment 19 was a result of the women's suffrage movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were allowed to vote in local elections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system where prisoners were leased out to private businesses for labor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imposing restrictions on certain forms of free speech that promote discriminatory practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a system of racial hierarchy and economic exploitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Civil Rights Act of 1964 built upon, and enforced, the principles of equality guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results are accurate within a 3% range of the true population opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person votes for the same party as their parents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sway voters' opinions by using biased language and misleading questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where polls overestimate the support for a candidate due to respondents' reluctance to express support for a minority candidate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To track changes in public opinion over time, revealing trends and shifts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To subtly influence the respondent's opinion towards a predetermined answer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A poll asking respondents about their preferred candidate for the upcoming election, but before asking, giving a negative description about another candidate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed-mode surveys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure all groups are represented proportionally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lower margin of error indicates a more reliable poll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not representative of the entire electorate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are informal and often conducted with non-random samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always conducted by reputable polling organizations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exit polls can be influenced by early results and create inaccurate expectations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The poll's question wording (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Straw polls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The poll's popularity with the general public (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A government where representatives make decisions on behalf of the citizens.

A system of government where majority rule is the guiding principle.

Rights that exist independently of government, unlike granted rights in democracy.

A situation where the majority's decisions oppress minority groups.

A government restricted by rules, preventing majority rule from becoming tyrannical.

A system where citizens elect officials to make decisions for them.

A system where the government has total control over citizens' lives.

A system balancing collective living with individual freedom, allowing citizen participation.

A system without organized government, offering total freedom but no security or order.

Systems evaluated based on government control over the market.

A system based on government planning and limited private control, aiming for equitable resource distribution.

A system based on individual initiative and market-driven production, emphasizing private property protection.

Full government control promoting common ownership, often maintained by force.

A market-determined production system where government regulates to ensure stability.

A fully independent market that operates without government intervention.

An economist and philosopher known for advocating for capitalism and individual initiative.

A situation where workers are treated unfairly or paid less than their contribution.

Fair sharing of resources among the population, a key goal in socialism.

Production that is guided by the demands and preferences of consumers.

Life prior to the establishment of government and social structures.

A system for exercising authority over people.

The process of making decisions about resource distribution in society.

Power people consider legitimate, based on belief.

Theory asserting monarchs gain authority from God, leading to unchecked power.

Individuals who must obey a monarch’s divine mandate.

Political theory emphasizing consent of the governed and protection of rights.

Inherent liberties individuals possess before government.

Citizen's authority to remove a government violating their rights.

A political ideology emphasizing limited government and personal responsibility for success.

A branch of conservatism that supports government action to uphold traditional societal norms.

A political ideology advocating for government action to provide basic needs and promote social equity.

A perspective within liberalism advocating for government-driven progressive changes in society.

Inequalities that arise due to structural disadvantages in society, affecting groups rather than individuals.

The debate between prioritizing personal freedoms or the welfare of the community as a whole.

Governments exist to secure natural rights and derive power from the consent of the governed.

The principle that government derives its power from the people's agreement and can be changed or abolished.

The right and duty of the people to overthrow a government that is destructive to their rights.

The assertion that all individuals are created equal under the law.

The belief that individuals are responsible for their own success and well-being, emphasizing self-reliance.

Providing equal opportunity for all individuals, ensuring fairness in treatment under the law.

The protection of individual liberties from unnecessary government action, allowing personal choices.

The first US governing document ratified in 1781, establishing a weak national government.

The authority of a state to govern itself, sought by states under the Articles of Confederation.

The relationship states sought under the Articles, implying cooperation without full union.

Congress couldn’t impose taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws, limiting its power.

Absence of a national court system under the Articles, creating issues in law interpretation.

Lack of a strong national authority under the Articles, leading to inconsistencies among states.

Meeting in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 to address the Articles' weaknesses.

Congress's inability to raise a military force, relying instead on state militias for defense.

Requirement that all 13 states approve amendments to the Articles, making changes hard.

Establishes that federal law takes precedence over state laws.

Gives Congress the power to make laws required for executing its powers.

Systems to prevent any branch of government from becoming too powerful.

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms.

Supporters of the Constitution advocating for a strong central government.

Concerns over the Constitution leading to federal overreach and loss of state powers.

The agreement during the Constitutional Convention to establish a two-house legislature.

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

The division of power between national and state governments.

Specific powers granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution.

Known as the 'Father of the Constitution' for his pivotal role in its drafting.

The belief that government must align with self-interested human behaviors.

The powers each branch holds to monitor and limit the other branches.

Representatives sent to make decisions at the Constitutional Convention.

Individual freedoms guaranteed to protect against government infringement.

Constitution amendment ensuring freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Conditions where speech can be legally restricted, such as threats or obscenity.

Regulations on speech that prevent disruptions in specific contexts.

The constitutional right to keep and bear arms to ensure security.

Debate on whether the Second Amendment protects personal gun ownership or only militia use.

Government can impose reasonable regulations like background checks and bans for certain individuals.

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring warrants based on probable cause.

Situations where police can search without a warrant, such as consent or plain view.

Vehicles can be searched without a warrant if police have probable cause.

Police can briefly detain and pat down individuals if there's reasonable suspicion of a crime.

Protects against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and ensures due process rights.

No one can be forced to testify against themselves in court.

Protection against being tried twice for the same crime once acquitted.

The government must follow fair legal procedures before depriving life, liberty, or property.

Serious criminal charges require a grand jury review before trial.

The government can take private property for public use but must provide fair payment.

Authorities can detain suspects or seize assets before trial.

A group that determines if there is enough evidence for a trial, required in federal cases.

The right to a trial without unnecessary delays, not clearly defined.

A jury that is unbiased and represents a cross-section of the community.

The right to confront witnesses testifying against the accused.

Accused individuals have the right to a lawyer, even if they can't afford one.

Discrimination that occurs due to laws or legal statutes.

Discrimination that occurs due to social norms, customs, or circumstances.

The rights enabling full participation in public life without discrimination.

The amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the U.S.

Forced labor without consent, except as punishment for a crime.

Laws passed to restrict the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.

System where prisoners were leased out for labor, similar to slavery.

The legal end of slavery in the U.S. as mandated by the 13th Amendment.

Modern-day slavery involving forced labor or sexual exploitation.

Women gained full suffrage in U.S. elections with the ratification of Amendment 19 in 1920.

Legislation that enforced protections for voting rights, banning literacy tests and other restrictions.

Manipulating district boundaries to dilute voting power of specific racial groups.

A federal law ensuring equal educational opportunities, including athletics, regardless of gender.

Proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights under the law, regardless of sex.

Anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. is a citizen.

Protects individuals from state laws that infringe on fundamental rights.

Requires states to provide equal protection under the law.

Prevents states from restricting national citizenship rights.

State laws that enforced segregation and discrimination.

State laws that limited voting rights through tests and fees.

Banned segregation in public places and prohibited employment discrimination.

Federal agency enforcing laws against workplace discrimination.

Allows Congress to pass laws ensuring protection of rights.

The systematic denial of the right to vote to certain groups.

Polls presenting biased campaign information to sway voters.

Questions designed to guide respondents to a specific answer.

Polls monitoring public opinion over time for changes.

Phenomenon where polls show lower support for a candidate due to social pressure.

Surveys conducted immediately after voters leave polling places to predict outcomes.

The collective attitudes and beliefs of individuals on political issues.

The process through which individuals form their political values and beliefs.

Sources from which individuals learn about politics, like family, media, or schools.

Methods used to select participants for a poll to ensure unbiased results.

A sample that accurately reflects the population’s demographics.

Selecting participants in such a way that each has an equal chance of being chosen.

The number of respondents surveyed in a poll, which affects its accuracy.

The range within which the true value of the population is likely to fall.

Deeply held ideas that guide an individual's opinions and decisions in politics.

Questions should be clear and unbiased, avoiding leading language.

Questions must be precise, focusing on specific topics without ambiguity.

Questions that eliminate unlikely voters from survey results.

An informal poll used to collect opinions from a non-random group.

Surveys using different methods (phone, online, face-to-face) to reach diverse populations.

Adjusting survey data to correct representation of certain groups.

Exit polls can create inaccurate expectations for election results and lead to errors.

The chosen method for conducting a survey, crucial for reaching the target audience.