35 Questions
What is the primary purpose of the null hypothesis in a research study?
To provide evidence that there is no real effect or relationship in the population
What does rejecting the null hypothesis imply?
There is sufficient evidence to conclude there is a real effect or relationship in the population
What is the primary function of variance in statistical analysis?
To quantify the spread or dispersion of values within a dataset
What are the two main types of variance discussed in the context of statistical analysis?
Sample variance and population variance
Why do researchers use statistical analysis in psychology?
To identify patterns and relationships between variables
What is the biggest challenge in sciences like psychology?
Dealing with human variance
When should you calculate the population variance?
When your dataset represents the entire population of interest
What is the purpose of unbiased estimation of population variance?
To estimate the population variance
What is the formula to estimate population variance?
(Xi - M) / (n - 1)
What is the significance of the three estimators of population variance?
They are used to estimate the population variance
What is the term for the sample standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?
Estimated standard error of the mean
What type of research focuses on the principles of behavior and mental processes?
Basic research
What is the primary advantage of within-subjects designs?
Each participant is exposed to all levels of the IV
What is the statistical technique used to predict a variable from one or more other variables?
Regression
What is the term for the portion of the data that is not explained by a statistical model?
Residual
What is the purpose of repeating the process of calculating the sampling distribution in Example 2?
To estimate the population variance with less bias
Why is the denominator in Example 3 equal to 2?
Because the sample size is 3 and we subtract 1
What does a statistical power of 80% mean?
There is an 80% chance of detecting a significant effect when it is present
Why do we need to consider the risks of false positives and false negatives in statistical tests?
To balance the risks and keep sample sizes feasible
What is the result of using a biased estimator of population variance, as shown in Example 2?
The estimator underestimates the population variance
What does a small p-value typically indicate?
The observed data is very unlikely to have occurred if the null hypothesis is true
Why is the psychology field more open to criticism?
Because of its focus on validity and reliability
What is a consequence of clean research designs in psychology?
Overconfidence
Why is the replication crisis centered on psychology?
Due to a combination of factors, including sophistication, openness, and more
What is a result of a large p-value?
The null hypothesis is not rejected
What is the purpose of a statistically efficient estimator in statistical analysis?
To ensure unbiased estimation of population variance
Which type of research involves the manipulation of variables to observe their effect on a specific outcome?
Experimental research
What is the primary advantage of using a between-subjects design in experimental research?
It eliminates the risk of sequencing effects
What is the purpose of residual analysis in statistical modeling?
To examine the fit of the statistical model
Which type of research is focused on direct application to real-world problems?
Applied research
What is the purpose of counterbalancing in within-subjects designs?
To eliminate the risk of sequencing effects
What is the term for a statistical model that includes multiple independent variables?
Multiple linear regression
What is the primary advantage of using a factorial design in experimental research?
It allows for the manipulation of multiple independent variables
What is the purpose of a statistical test in research?
To determine the probability of the null hypothesis being true
What is the term for the portion of the data that is not explained by a statistical model?
Residual
Test your understanding of basic concepts in statistics, including the null hypothesis, a fundamental concept in research studies. Review key points and revise your knowledge of statistical analysis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
