Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which theory of learning assumes that the learner is passive and only responds to external stimuli?
Which theory of learning assumes that the learner is passive and only responds to external stimuli?
What is the primary method by which behavior is shaped in behaviorism?
What is the primary method by which behavior is shaped in behaviorism?
Which process describes the type of learning made famous by Ivan Pavlov's experiments?
Which process describes the type of learning made famous by Ivan Pavlov's experiments?
In the context of behaviorism, what generally occurs when punishment is applied?
In the context of behaviorism, what generally occurs when punishment is applied?
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What type of learning is characterized by the learner's internal processes and the construction of knowledge from experiences?
What type of learning is characterized by the learner's internal processes and the construction of knowledge from experiences?
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What is a key feature of observational learning proposed by Bandura?
What is a key feature of observational learning proposed by Bandura?
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Which concept is NOT part of the modeling process according to Bandura?
Which concept is NOT part of the modeling process according to Bandura?
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In Kolb's four-stage learning process, which stage can the process begin from?
In Kolb's four-stage learning process, which stage can the process begin from?
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Which of the following elements is NOT part of an individual's personality as per the content?
Which of the following elements is NOT part of an individual's personality as per the content?
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Which principle is emphasized in adult learning according to Malcolm Knowles?
Which principle is emphasized in adult learning according to Malcolm Knowles?
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What aspect of learning is highlighted as being most effective according to the content?
What aspect of learning is highlighted as being most effective according to the content?
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Which focus is NOT mentioned as part of the inner mental activities related to learning?
Which focus is NOT mentioned as part of the inner mental activities related to learning?
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What does the humanistic approach to learning emphasize?
What does the humanistic approach to learning emphasize?
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Study Notes
Learning Theories
- A coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.
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Behaviorism: Assumes a learner is passive and responds only to stimuli. Behavior is shaped through reinforcement and punishment; learning is defined as a change of behavior.
- Operant conditioning (Reinforcement Theory): Developed by B.F. Skinner. Behavior is a function of its consequences. Positive reinforcement (pleasant consequence) encourages repetition of a behavior. Punishment discourages a behavior through negative consequence.
- Classical conditioning: Popularized by Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs. Reflexive, automatic learning where a stimulus acquires the capacity evoke a response previously evoked by another stimulus.
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Social Learning: Proposed by Albert Bandura. Learning through observation. Mental states are important to learning. Learning may not necessarily lead to a change of behavior.
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Modeling Process:
- Attention: Factors influence attention paid to the observed behavior.
- Retention: Ability to store information.
- Reproduction: Performing the observed behavior.
- Motivation: Desire to imitate the behavior.
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Modeling Process:
Cognitivism
- Focuses on inner mental activities – thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving.
- Knowledge is seen as a schema or symbolic mental construction.
- Learning is defined as a change in a learner’s schemata.
Constructivism
- Learning is an active, constructive process.
- The learner is an information constructor.
- New information is linked to prior knowledge.
- Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and hypotheses of the environment.
Humanism
- Focuses on human freedom, dignity, and potential.
- People act with intentionality and values.
- Experiential Learning: Proposed by Kolb. Four-stage learning process (experiencing, reflecting, conceptualizing, and applying) that can begin at any stage and is continuous.
- Facilitation Theory: Learning occurs when the educator acts as a facilitator, creating an atmosphere where learners can explore ideas without threat. Learners take responsibility for their own learning.
Other Theories
- Sensory Stimulation: Effective learning occurs when more senses are stimulated (variety of colors, loudness, strong statements, visual facts, techniques and media).
- Holistic Learning: Individual personality consists of many elements (intellect, emotions, bodily impulse, intuition, imagination) requiring activation for effective learning.
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Adult Learning: Developed by Malcolm Knowles. Problem-based and collaborative approaches to learning replace didactic methods. Learners are equal with the teacher.
- Adult Learner Characteristics: Internally motivated and self-directed. Bring life experiences and knowledge. Goal-oriented. Relevancy-oriented. Practical. Want to be respected.
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Description
Explore various learning theories that shape our understanding of how people learn. This quiz covers Behaviorism, including Operant and Classical Conditioning, as well as Social Learning theory. Test your knowledge on key concepts and theorists in educational psychology.
