Learning Theories: Bruner and Gagne
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Learning Theories: Bruner and Gagne

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a reinforcement schedule in stimulus-response learning?

  • To develop desired stimulus-response bonds (correct)
  • To enhance verbal association skills
  • To punish incorrect responses only
  • To facilitate chaining of learned behaviors
  • What characterizes chaining in learning?

  • Creating complex verbal associations
  • Learning to connect previously learned responses in sequence (correct)
  • Making generalizations from a single response
  • Connecting multiple unrelated stimuli
  • Which type of learning is primarily involved in language skill development?

  • Multiple discrimination learning
  • Concept learning
  • Verbal association (correct)
  • Problem solving
  • What is the main challenge presented in multiple discrimination learning?

    <p>Inhibition of one learning experience by another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does concept learning contribute to cognitive abilities?

    <p>It enables generalization across different stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rule learning primarily involve?

    <p>Applying learned relationships in new situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gagne, what is emphasized in learning hierarchies?

    <p>Organizing content so complex skills build on prerequisite knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of cognitive process in Gagne's learning theory?

    <p>Problem solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of discovery learning as described?

    <p>Analyzing and interpreting information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes connecting prior knowledge with new information?

    <p>Integrating and Connecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does failure play in the learning process according to discovery learning?

    <p>It can lead to new discoveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT suggested for the discovery learning model?

    <p>Repetitive drills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Gagne contribute to the field of education?

    <p>A system classifying types of learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signal learning is primarily characterized by what process?

    <p>Conditioning through stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is flexibility in learning emphasized in the educational framework described?

    <p>It alleviates unnecessary stress for learners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a misconception about discovery learning?

    <p>It is only about memorizing information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Jerome Bruner's Discovery Learning theory?

    <p>Actively seeking answers and solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes the role of instructors in problem-solving within the Discovery Learning model?

    <p>Encouraging learners to seek solutions independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jerome Bruner's Discovery Learning suggest learners should manage their learning?

    <p>By learning at their own pace and collaborating if desired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant impact of Jerome Bruner's work on education?

    <p>It influenced the American educational system and cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of problem-solving in Discovery Learning promote?

    <p>Active engagement and risk-taking in learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jerome Bruner's emphasis on intuition and imagination in Discovery Learning means what?

    <p>Learners should explore new information independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discovery Learning is primarily characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Inquiry-based instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about learning according to Bruner's theory is correct?

    <p>Learning involves actively seeking for answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Theories Overview

    • Learning theories provide frameworks for understanding how knowledge is acquired and processed.
    • Key contributors include Jerome Bruner and Robert Gagne, who developed significant models impacting education.

    Jerome Bruner

    • An influential American psychologist and educator, born October 1, 1915, in New York, and passed away June 5, 2016.
    • Known for contributions to cognitive psychology and educational theories focusing on children's learning processes.

    Discovery Learning

    • Introduced by Bruner, this method emphasizes inquiry-based instruction where learners engage actively with their experiences.
    • Encourages exploration, intuition, creativity, and constructing knowledge rather than passive absorption.

    Principles of Discovery Learning

    • Problem Solving: Guides learners to combine new information with existing knowledge, promoting active participation and broader applications.
    • Learner Management: Allows learners to work individually or collaboratively at their own pace, reducing stress and fostering ownership of learning.
    • Integrating and Connecting: Instructors help learners link prior knowledge to new information, situating learning in familiar contexts.
    • Information Analysis and Interpretation: Focuses on analyzing and interpreting rather than memorizing information, fostering deeper understanding.
    • Failure and Feedback: Emphasizes that learning occurs through discovery and the process, not just by finding the correct answers.

    Techniques in Discovery Learning

    • Educational sessions should be experiential and interactive, utilizing stories, games, and visual aids to foster curiosity and engagement.

    Robert Gagne

    • Born August 21, 1916, and died April 28, 2002, Gagne was a prominent American educational psychologist.
    • Developed a classification system for types of learning, emphasizing cognitive processes' complexity.

    Gagne's Hierarchy of Learning

    • Signal Learning: Basic conditioning where a neutral stimulus elicits a desired response through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
    • Stimulus-Response Learning: Developing stimulus-response connections reinforced through rewards and punishments.
    • Chaining: Linking multiple stimulus-response bonds for more complex tasks, essential for mastering psychomotor skills.
    • Verbal Association: A type of chaining focused on verbal connections, crucial for language skill development.
    • Multiple Discrimination Learning: Ability to differentiate responses to similar stimuli, affected by interference leading to forgetting.
    • Concept Learning: Forming consistent responses to stimuli within a category, foundational for skills like generalization and classification.
    • Rule Learning: Involves understanding and applying relationships between concepts across varying situations.
    • Problem Solving: Highest cognitive process level, requiring the formulation of algorithms to address complex problems.

    Educational Implications

    • Gagne advocates for a sequenced organization of educational content, ensuring prerequisite skills are mastered before advancing to complex concepts.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the significance of Bruner and Gagne's learning theories in the teaching-learning process, particularly in the EPP/TLE subject. Pre-service teachers will demonstrate mastery through discussions of different curriculum foundations relevant to these theories.

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