Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of learning involves reinforcement and punishment?
What type of learning involves reinforcement and punishment?
- Classical conditioning
- Social learning
- Operant conditioning (correct)
- Cognitive learning
Which statement describes cognitive learning?
Which statement describes cognitive learning?
- Learning through reinforcement
- Learning through observation
- How thinking and memory aid in learning (correct)
- Learning through reflexive responses
What kind of reinforcement occurs after a set amount of behavior is demonstrated?
What kind of reinforcement occurs after a set amount of behavior is demonstrated?
- Variable ratio
- Continuous reinforcement
- Fixed ratio (correct)
- Variable interval
Which type of punishment involves presenting something unpleasant?
Which type of punishment involves presenting something unpleasant?
What is a basic characteristic of instincts?
What is a basic characteristic of instincts?
Who is associated with the concept of classical conditioning?
Who is associated with the concept of classical conditioning?
Which schedule of reinforcement involves unpredictable reinforcement after varying amounts of time?
Which schedule of reinforcement involves unpredictable reinforcement after varying amounts of time?
What is the primary belief of the humanistic school of psychology?
What is the primary belief of the humanistic school of psychology?
Flashcards
Learning
Learning
A change in behavior or thought due to experience that's relatively permanent.
Reflexes
Reflexes
Simple, unlearned responses to stimuli.
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Learning by associating two stimuli together.
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Social Learning
Social Learning
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Positive Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
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Psychology
Psychology
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Study Notes
Learning Principles
- Learning is a lasting change in thoughts or behaviors due to experience.
- Reflexes, instincts, and maturation are unlearned responses.
Types of Learning
- Operant Conditioning: Learning through consequences.
- Behaviorists: Focus on observable behaviors.
- BF Skinner: A prominent behaviorist.
- Operant behaviors affect the environment.
- Cognitive Learning: Learning through thinking and memory.
- Cognitive Map: Mental representation of space.
- Strategies: Methods for problem-solving.
- Social Learning: Learning through observation and imitation.
- Observation: Watching others.
- Modeling: Copying behaviors.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: Demonstrates observational learning.
- Classical Conditioning: Learning through associations (stimulus-response).
- Ivan Pavlov: Russian physiologist known for this work.
- Nobel Prize: Awarded for Pavlov's research on digestion.
- Conditioned Stimulus: Learned stimulus-response.
- Unconditioned Stimulus: Natural stimulus-response.
Operant Conditioning Details
- Behavior: Action performed.
- Consequence: Result that affects future behavior.
- Reinforcement: Increases behavior.
- Positive Reinforcement: Adding something desirable.
- Negative Reinforcement: Removing something unpleasant.
- Punishment: Decreases behavior.
- Positive Punishment: Adding something unpleasant.
- Negative Punishment: Removing something desirable.
Schedules of Reinforcement
- Continuous Reinforcement: Rewarding every desired behavior.
- Partial Reinforcement: Rewarding some, but not all, desired behaviors.
- Fixed Ratio: Reward after a set number of behaviors.
- Variable Ratio: Reward after a random number of behaviors.
- Fixed Interval: Reward after a set amount of time.
- Variable Interval: Reward after a random amount of time.
Psychology Definitions
- Psyche: Mind, spirit, or soul.
- Psychology: Scientific study of human and animal behaviors and mental processes.
Schools of Psychology
- Humanistic:
- Emphasizes personal growth and free will.
- Believes all humans are naturally good.
- Founders: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow.
- Cognitive:
- Focuses on mental processes like thinking and memory.
- Believes thoughts shape behavior.
- Emphasizes the power of mental processes.
- Behavioral:
- Focuses on observable behaviors.
- Believes environment shapes behavior.
- Founders: John Watson, BF Skinner.
- Psychoanalytic:
- Emphasizes unconscious drives and motivations.
- Founder: Sigmund Freud.
- Conscious mind: Thoughts, feelings, memories.
- Unconscious mind: Repressed thoughts.
- Sociocultural:
- Focuses on how social and cultural influences shape behavior.
- Neurobiological:
- Focuses on the biological aspects of behavior and mental processes.
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