Learning Outcomes 2 - Dr. Amani Mahbub Explanation on Inflammation

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What is the main cause of redness and heat during inflammation?

Altered vascular flow (correct)

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Increased vascular permeability

Accumulation of neutrophils

Which process allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to enter sites of infection or tissue damage?

Endothelial injury

Stasis of blood flow

Vasodilation

Increased vascular permeability (correct)

What type of fluid accumulation results in edema with high protein content and cells?

Hydrostatic prostatie

Histamine-induced fluid

Exudate (correct)

Transudate

What is the main mechanism behind the prolonged response phase of fluid loss and permeability during inflammation?

Direct endothelial injury Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves migration of leukocytes across the endothelium during inflammation?

Transmigration Signup and view all the answers

What family of proteins mediates the process of leukocyte rolling on the endothelial surface?

Selectin family Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins interact with leukocyte integrins to mediate leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Igs superfamily Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of leukocyte accumulation before transmigration across the endothelium?

Lumen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of extravasation during inflammation?

Delivery of leukocytes to the site of injury Signup and view all the answers

Which event triggers the movement of transmigrated leukocytes toward a chemotactic agent?

Chemotactic response Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation according to Celsus?

Heat, redness, edema, pain Signup and view all the answers

Which cells recognize microbes and damaged cells and trigger the vascular and cellular reactions of inflammation?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What are the four major components of acute inflammation?

Vascular changes, cellular events, mediators, microvascular changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest manifestation of acute inflammation in terms of vascular changes?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which event leads to the main local manifestation of erythema and warmth in acute inflammation?

Vascular dilation Signup and view all the answers

Who first listed the cardinal signs of inflammation during the first century AD?

Celsus Signup and view all the answers

Which component triggers vasodilation in the event of inflammation?

Histamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the inflammatory process?

Reaction of blood vessels leading to fluid and leukocyte accumulation in extravascular tissues Signup and view all the answers

What does inflammation aim to eliminate?

Both the initial cause of cell injury and the resulting necrotic cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of inflammation?

To initiate the repair process Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-itis' after an organ denote?

Inflammation in that site Signup and view all the answers

How does inflammation respond to vascularized tissues?

It delivers leukocytes and molecules of host defense to those tissues Signup and view all the answers

Why is inflammation described as a protective response?

Because it is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and necrotic cells Signup and view all the answers