Learning Disabilities Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'dyslexia' literally refer to?

  • Difficulty with language/words (correct)
  • Difficulty with numbers
  • Difficulty with memory
  • Difficulty with writing

    • Which type of hearing loss is characterized by vibrations not passing from the outer ear to the inner ear?

  • Conductive Hearing Loss (correct)
  • Mixed Hearing Loss
  • Sensorineural Hearing Loss
  • Unilateral Hearing Loss

    • Rett syndrome primarily affects boys.

    False

    Dyslexia is caused purely by environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for hearing loss that happens quickly?

    <p>sudden hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of phonological dyslexia?

    <p>Trouble decoding and sounding out words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attentional dyslexia is caused by a failure of the __________-word-binding system.

    <p>letter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ hearing loss involves a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

    <p>Mixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of hearing loss with their descriptions:

    <p>Conductive Hearing Loss = Vibrations not passing through the outer ear Sensorineural Hearing Loss = Dysfunction of the inner ear Unilateral Hearing Loss = Hearing impairment in one ear Bilateral Hearing Loss = Hearing impairment in both ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dyslexia primarily affects visual processing and memory?

    <p>Visual dyslexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of dyslexia with its description:

    <p>Phonological dyslexia = Trouble decoding and sounding out words Visual dyslexia = Difficulty with visual processing Attentional dyslexia = Failure in letter-word binding Double deficit dyslexia = Difficulty in both phonological and visual processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a communication option for individuals with hearing disabilities?

    <p>Vision Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by difficulty seeing, ranging from mild blurriness to complete blindness, is known as __________.

    <p>visual impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyslexia is equally common among males and females.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the root cause attributed to developmental dyslexia?

    <p>Neurological dysfunction in the left side of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is verbal dyscalculia primarily associated with?

    <p>Difficulty talking about mathematical concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyscalculia only affects a person's ability to perform arithmetic calculations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the difficulty in translating abstract mathematical knowledge into real-world actions?

    <p>Practognostic Dyscalculia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyscalculia is a learning disorder affecting a person’s ability to do __________.

    <p>math</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dyscalculia allows for abstract math understanding but struggles in applying it to real-life situations?

    <p>Operational Dyscalculia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lexical Dyscalculia primarily affects motor skills required for writing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dyscalculia is characterized by difficulties with writing mathematical symbols?

    <p>Graphical Dyscalculia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Phonological Dysgraphia?

    <p>Difficulties in writing and spelling unfamiliar or non-words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyscalculia is only concerned with number-related skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key feature of ADHD is difficulty in focusing, controlling behavior, and staying __________.

    <p>organized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common error might someone with attentional dyslexia make while reading?

    <p>Reversals of letters or reading words from right to left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of dysgraphia to its description:

    <p>Dyslexic Dysgraphia = Unreadable writing Motor Dysgraphia = Poor fine motor abilities Spatial Dysgraphia = Problems with letter spacing Phonological Dysgraphia = Struggles with phonetically irregular words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Latin word 'Calculare' means to __________.

    <p>Count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dyscalculia involves difficulty comprehending mathematical puzzles?

    <p>Ideognostical Dyscalculia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ADHD is characterized by hyperactive and impulsive behaviors?

    <p>Hyperactive Impulsive Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motor Dysgraphia is primarily associated with problems in spatial perception.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common difficulty do individuals with Operational Dyscalculia face?

    <p>Completing mathematical computations or procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysgraphia involves learning disabilities in __________.

    <p>writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dysgraphia relies heavily on sound-to-letter patterns when writing?

    <p>Phonological Dysgraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dysphonia refer to?

    <p>Voice sounds rough, hoarse, or weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asperger’s Syndrome is a traditional form of Autism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who described Autism as a distinct neurodevelopmental condition?

    <p>Dr. Leo Kanner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A voice that sounds too nasal is referred to as ________ trouble.

    <p>resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of Autism Spectrum Disorder with its description:

    <p>Autistic Disorder = Traditional form of Autism Asperger’s Syndrome = Milder symptoms, average intelligence Pervasive Developmental Disorder = Symptoms of autism without full criteria Childhood Disintegrative Disorder = Rare and severe form of ASD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Challenges in social communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aphonia refers to a voice that sounds rough and hoarse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PDD-Nos stand for?

    <p>Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'spectrum' in Autism Spectrum Disorder refers to a range of ________ and levels of impairment.

    <p>symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misunderstanding about the symptoms associated with Autism?

    <p>All individuals with Autism have the same symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Disabilities

    • Neurological disorder, meaning differences in how a person's brain is wired
    • Secondary: Caused by issues with neurological development in the womb
    • Acquired: Result from injury or illness

    Specific Learning Disorders: Types

    • Dyslexia (Reading Disorder): Language-based learning disability
      • Phonological (dysphonetic): Difficulty decoding words, trouble processing individual sounds
      • Visual (surface, orthographic or dyseidetic): Difficulty with visual processing and working memory, struggling with non-phonetic words, letters like p, q, and b
    • Developmental Neglect: Letters seem out of sequence or jump; leads to errors such as reversing letters or reading right-to-left
    • Rapid Auto-naming deficit (rapid auto-naming dyslexia): Difficulty in reading pace and language processing
    • Attentional: Caused by a failure of the letter-word-binding system, resulting in letters migrating between words.

    Dyscalculia

    • Difficulty calculating
    • Learning disorder affecting math abilities
    • Impacts brain areas handling math skills and understanding

    Dysgraphia

    • Learning disability affecting writing
    • Dyslexic Dysgraphia: Unreadable writing
    • Motor Dysgraphia: Difficulty with fine motor abilities and grip
    • Spatial Dysgraphia: Problems with spatial perception affecting letter spacing and drawing ability, staying within lines on paper.
    • Phonological Dysgraphia: Difficulty in spelling or writing unfamiliar words, phonetic irregular words; trouble memorizing phonemes and blending them into a targeted word.
    • Lexical Dysgraphia: Relies on sound-to-letter patterns rather than memorizing spellings;

    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

    • Neurodevelopmental disorder
    • Types:
      • Inattentive: Primarily marked by inattention and distractibility.
      • Hyperactive-Impulsive: Hyperactive and impulsive behaviors
      • Combined: Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive characteristics.

    Emotional Disturbance

    • Condition affecting emotions and behaviors.
    • Types:
      • Anxiety disorders: Generalized, panic, and social anxiety characterized by excessive worry and fear.
      • Mood disorders: Depression and bipolar disorder, leading to persistent sadness or mood swings.
      • Behavioral disorders: Defiance, aggression, or rule-breaking behavior.
      • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Results from traumatic events leading to emotional distress.
      • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Characterized by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety.
      • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Difficulties with attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity.
      • Adjustment Disorders: Occur in response to significant life changes or stressors, leading to disproportionate emotional/behavioral symptoms.

    Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

    • Intellectual Disability (ID): Characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning.
    • Developmental Disability (DD): Disorders affecting intellectual and physical functioning.
    • Four levels based on severity (mild, moderate, severe, profound)

    Speech and Language Impairment

    • Types:
      • Articulation Disorders: Trouble making sounds; replacing, leaving out, or unclearly changing sounds; adding extra sounds.
      • Language Delays: Late speaking, using words and sentences.
      • Receptive Language Disorder: Difficulty understanding spoken words.
      • Expressive Language Disorder: Difficulty expressing thoughts in words.
      • Fluency Disorders: Issues with speech smoothness.
      • Voice Disorders: Dysphonia (rough, hoarse, or weak voice); Aphonia (unable to speak).

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • Characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
    • Spectrum of symptoms, abilities, and levels of impairment.
    • Types: Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism), Asperger's Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Not Otherwise Specified), Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Rett Syndrome.

    Deafness and Hearing Disorder

    • Deafness: No functional hearing
    • Hearing Impairment: Ranges from mild to profound hearing loss.
    • Types: Conductive, Sensorineural, Mixed, and Bilateral/Unilateral
    • Symptoms, degrees of severity, and communication options (sign language, oral communication, cochlear implants, hearing aids)

    Visual Impairment

    • Difficulty seeing ranging from mild blurriness to complete blindness
    • Types: Low vision, partial sight, blindness, total blindness, color blindness, night blindness
    • Causes: Refractive errors, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, trauma, infections, medication, and toxicity

    Orthopedic Impairment

    • Physical limitation of the musculoskeletal system, with congenital or acquired types.
    • Types: Neuromotor impairments, musculoskeletal disorders, and degenerative diseases.

    Severe and Multiple Disabilities

    • Conditions where a person experiences more than one impairment

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    Learning Disabilities PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various learning disabilities, focusing on neurological differences and specific types such as dyslexia and dyscalculia. Understand how these conditions affect reading, writing, and mathematical abilities in individuals. Test your knowledge on the causes and characteristics of these learning disorders.

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