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Questions and Answers
What is the main advantage of using direct instruction, according to the content?
What is the main advantage of using direct instruction, according to the content?
Which of the following teaching methods aligns with the principles of backward design?
Which of the following teaching methods aligns with the principles of backward design?
What is the primary goal of a spiral curriculum, as described in the content?
What is the primary goal of a spiral curriculum, as described in the content?
What is a key benefit of incorporating discovery learning in the classroom?
What is a key benefit of incorporating discovery learning in the classroom?
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Based on the content, why is it essential to plan instruction effectively?
Based on the content, why is it essential to plan instruction effectively?
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What type of assessment is used to identify students' strengths and weaknesses?
What type of assessment is used to identify students' strengths and weaknesses?
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What distinguishes norm-based assessment from criteria-based assessment?
What distinguishes norm-based assessment from criteria-based assessment?
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What is the primary advantage of criteria-based assessment?
What is the primary advantage of criteria-based assessment?
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What does "triangulation" refer to in the context of assessment?
What does "triangulation" refer to in the context of assessment?
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What is the key principle behind "backward design"?
What is the key principle behind "backward design"?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of norm-based assessment?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of norm-based assessment?
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Which philosophical approach emphasizes the importance of timeless ideas and universal truths?
Which philosophical approach emphasizes the importance of timeless ideas and universal truths?
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What is the primary concern about "washback" in assessment?
What is the primary concern about "washback" in assessment?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning, as described in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of learning, as described in the content?
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According to the content, what is the key difference between a novice and an expert in a given field?
According to the content, what is the key difference between a novice and an expert in a given field?
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What is the purpose of recording a pre-interview with the instructor in the observation report?
What is the purpose of recording a pre-interview with the instructor in the observation report?
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What is NOT a characteristic of engagement in learning, as described in the content?
What is NOT a characteristic of engagement in learning, as described in the content?
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Which of the following is an example of a question that could be asked to understand the state of learning and engagement?
Which of the following is an example of a question that could be asked to understand the state of learning and engagement?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a curriculum?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a curriculum?
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Which of these is a type of knowledge according to the given content?
Which of these is a type of knowledge according to the given content?
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Which educational philosophy emphasizes practical skills and knowledge that have a direct use in society?
Which educational philosophy emphasizes practical skills and knowledge that have a direct use in society?
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What is the main purpose behind 'interleaving' in learning?
What is the main purpose behind 'interleaving' in learning?
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What is the difference between 'planned' and 'enacted' curriculum?
What is the difference between 'planned' and 'enacted' curriculum?
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What does the 'hidden curriculum' refer to?
What does the 'hidden curriculum' refer to?
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Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a good assessment?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a good assessment?
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Which of the following statements BEST explains the relationship between forgetting and practice?
Which of the following statements BEST explains the relationship between forgetting and practice?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of engagement mentioned in the provided content?
Which of the following is NOT a type of engagement mentioned in the provided content?
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According to the content, what is the main goal when it comes to intrinsic motivation?
According to the content, what is the main goal when it comes to intrinsic motivation?
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of extrinsic motivation according to the provided content?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of extrinsic motivation according to the provided content?
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Which of the following is a key element of the Self-Determination Theory?
Which of the following is a key element of the Self-Determination Theory?
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What does the "Redundancy Principle" suggest about learning?
What does the "Redundancy Principle" suggest about learning?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of "schemas" as discussed in the content?
Which of the following best describes the concept of "schemas" as discussed in the content?
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What is the main idea behind the "Memory Palace" mnemonic technique?
What is the main idea behind the "Memory Palace" mnemonic technique?
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Which of the following factors is most likely to influence the effectiveness of reinforcement?
Which of the following factors is most likely to influence the effectiveness of reinforcement?
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According to the content, what is the main reason why we forget things?
According to the content, what is the main reason why we forget things?
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What is the main idea behind the Expectancy-Value Theory?
What is the main idea behind the Expectancy-Value Theory?
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According to the Pygmalion Effect, what are the common effects of low expectations on students?
According to the Pygmalion Effect, what are the common effects of low expectations on students?
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What is the main idea behind the 'Two Sigma Problem' in Mastery Learning?
What is the main idea behind the 'Two Sigma Problem' in Mastery Learning?
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According to the content, what is the most crucial element in creating a successful learning environment, ultimately impacting student performance?
According to the content, what is the most crucial element in creating a successful learning environment, ultimately impacting student performance?
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What is NOT a key component of the 'Trust Equation' as presented in the text?
What is NOT a key component of the 'Trust Equation' as presented in the text?
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In the context of educational practices, what does 'Androgogy' refer to?
In the context of educational practices, what does 'Androgogy' refer to?
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What is the main purpose of Universal Design in Learning?
What is the main purpose of Universal Design in Learning?
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What is the key characteristic of a 'Student-Centered' learning environment?
What is the key characteristic of a 'Student-Centered' learning environment?
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What is the main concept conveyed by the 'Waterline of Visibility' metaphor?
What is the main concept conveyed by the 'Waterline of Visibility' metaphor?
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According to John Hattie's research on key factors affecting learning, which element has the most significant impact?
According to John Hattie's research on key factors affecting learning, which element has the most significant impact?
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What is a key characteristic of a 'Dialectical Space' in education?
What is a key characteristic of a 'Dialectical Space' in education?
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Which of the following is NOT a common reason why education is often resistant to innovation?
Which of the following is NOT a common reason why education is often resistant to innovation?
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Which of the following best describes the 'Double Loop Learning' concept?
Which of the following best describes the 'Double Loop Learning' concept?
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What is the main idea behind the 'Whole in the Wall' experiment, as described in the text?
What is the main idea behind the 'Whole in the Wall' experiment, as described in the text?
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What is the key difference between 'Pedagogy' and 'Androgogy'?
What is the key difference between 'Pedagogy' and 'Androgogy'?
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What is the significance of establishing a good 'School Climate'?
What is the significance of establishing a good 'School Climate'?
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What does the term 'Assimilation' signify in the context of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
What does the term 'Assimilation' signify in the context of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
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Flashcards
Learning
Learning
A change in cognition and behavior that persists over time due to experience.
Novice to Expert
Novice to Expert
Progression in knowledge from novice (familiar with concepts) to expert (understanding patterns).
Engagement
Engagement
Active participation and commitment to learning goals and activities.
Disengagement
Disengagement
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Change in Behavior
Change in Behavior
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Types of Engagement
Types of Engagement
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Authentic Engagement
Authentic Engagement
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Ritual Engagement
Ritual Engagement
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Self-Efficacy Theory
Self-Efficacy Theory
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Expectancy Value Theory
Expectancy Value Theory
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Self-Determination Theory
Self-Determination Theory
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Encoding
Encoding
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Redundancy Principle
Redundancy Principle
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Schemas
Schemas
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Recall and the Forgetting Curve
Recall and the Forgetting Curve
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Forgetting Curve
Forgetting Curve
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Law of Exercise
Law of Exercise
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Interleaving
Interleaving
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Retrieval Importance
Retrieval Importance
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Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking
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Curriculum Definition
Curriculum Definition
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Types of Knowledge
Types of Knowledge
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Hidden Curriculum
Hidden Curriculum
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Backward Design
Backward Design
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Direct Instruction
Direct Instruction
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Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's Taxonomy
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Discovery Learning
Discovery Learning
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Spiral Curriculum
Spiral Curriculum
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Diagnostic Assessment
Diagnostic Assessment
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Formative Assessment
Formative Assessment
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Summative Assessment
Summative Assessment
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Norm-Based Assessment
Norm-Based Assessment
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Criteria-Based Assessment
Criteria-Based Assessment
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Triangulation in Assessment
Triangulation in Assessment
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Washback Effect
Washback Effect
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Mastery Learning
Mastery Learning
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Pygmalion Effect
Pygmalion Effect
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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Teacher Expectancy Effect
Teacher Expectancy Effect
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School Climate
School Climate
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Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems
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Cognitive Apprenticeship
Cognitive Apprenticeship
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Growth Mindset
Growth Mindset
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Grit
Grit
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Universal Design
Universal Design
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Student-Centred Learning
Student-Centred Learning
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Heutagogy
Heutagogy
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Dialogical Learning
Dialogical Learning
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Double Loop Learning
Double Loop Learning
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Knowledge vs Understanding
Knowledge vs Understanding
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Study Notes
WEEK 1 - Learning
- Learning involves a change in knowledge and behaviour over time due to experience.
- The amount of change in learning is significant, progressing from novice to expert understanding.
- This change in behaviour doesn't automatically mean learning has occurred.
- Observation reports, like the UTM swim lesson example, involve pre-interviews and observations, evaluating student and teacher engagement (30-40 minutes).
WEEK 2 - Engagement
- Engagement is a state of learning, encompassing several key interests, including program switching reasons, completion rates, activity participation, and engagement/disengagement dynamics.
- Engagement is defined as active participation in activities, with commitment to learning goals.
- Disengagement is demonstrated by factors such as lack of preparation, concentration difficulties, and a lack of active learning.
- There are three types of engagement: behavioural, cognitive, and emotional.
Levels of Engagement
- Authentic - enjoying the activity.
- Ritual - knowing how and when to do things without personal connection.
- Passive - doing the bare minimum.
- Retreatment - present but low effort.
- Rebellious - looking for mistakes and being disruptive.
How to Boost Engagement
- Extrinsic motivation (Skinner) involves positive reinforcement, but can be unsustainable if not rewarding specific behaviours.
- Negative reinforcement can be helpful, as it involves techniques like immediacy, frequency and variations..
- Intrinsic motivation involves initiating and directing one's learning.
WEEK 3 - Retention
- Instruction is to alter long-term memory (not simply information short-term storage).
- Encoding is the process of ensuring information enters the brain.
- Interference and capacity limitations should be considered as external factors impacting encoding.
- Chunking information (Miller's rule of 7±2) enhances memory.
- Redundancy and schema theory are discussed for effective learning.
- Prior knowledge significantly influences memory formation and recall.
- Mnemonics facilitate memory retention through associating meaning with objects or locations.
WEEK 4 - Curriculum
- Curriculum encompasses essential knowledge, practical skills, learning experiences, and content for general skills and knowledge.
- Aims of curriculum emphasize the importance of learning goals, objectives, content selection and assessment methods.
- A curriculum's purpose is to shape individuals for contemporary life and general knowledge.
WEEK 5 - Assessment
- Assessment is integral learning; it serves as a measure of knowledge and to gauge understanding.
- Norm-referenced assessments compare students to others, while criterion-referenced assessments evaluate if criteria have been met.
- Assessments should be relevant, specific, measureable, adjustable, and time-sensitive to students' performance or actions.
WEEK 6 - Instruction
- Effective instruction involves a backward design approach. This emphasizes identifying desired results, determining acceptable evidence, and planning learning experiences.
- Direct instruction (lecture-style teaching) emphasizes knowledge transmission.
WEEK 7 - Climate
- Teacher expectations impact student performance (Pygmalion effect).
- Teacher behaviours and student perception significantly influence learning outcomes, along with encouragement and student feedback.
- Fostering a supportive classroom climate promotes higher engagement and learning.
WEEK 8 - Learning Space
- The learning environment significantly impacts learning.
- Factors such as natural light, ventilation, temperature, and aesthetics are key elements in the learning process which are crucial for student learning and well-being, since they have positive impacts on concentration, performance, and attendance.
- Multi-sensory approach enhances perception through various stimuli impacting the learning environment.
WEEK 9 - Universal Design
- Universal Design is about creating a learning environment suitable for everyone, addressing a range of needs.
- Standardized assessments provide measurable data for educational purposes.
- Pedagogy should focus on how teachers teach their students to fully maximise their potential.
WEEK 10- Learning Spaces
- Learning environments, while seemingly unchanged since ancient times, have significant impacts on learning.
- The learner needs to adjust to the environment rather than the environment to the learner.
- Factors such as noise, lighting, seating arrangement, seating style and the physical layout of the room can impact engagement and success.
WEEK 11 - Learners
- Effective learning involves student engagement and construction of knowledge.
- Learning styles and experiences matter and should be considered.
- Assimilation and accommodation are critical in adapting to new information.
WEEK 12 - Teachers
- Children's vulnerability to stress and trauma has an impact on learning ability.
- The teacher plays a key role in influencing student engagement, and expectations and social contexts.
- Schools, and environments, have less impact than individual experiences and teacher-student relationships.
WEEK 13 - Critical Thinking
- Collaborative processes enhance both learning and teaching.
- Effective dialogue stimulates learning and critical thinking.
- Questions can be about factual information, predictions, analysis or application-based reasoning.
WEEK 14 - Evaluation
- Exam format includes MCQ, short answer, and essay answers.
- All topics integrate effectively and are assessed cumulatively throughout the course.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key concepts of learning and engagement from Weeks 1 and 2. It evaluates your understanding of how knowledge and behavior change over time, as well as the dynamics of engagement in learning processes. Prepare to reflect on the difference between engagement and disengagement, including the types of engagement present in educational settings.