Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following principles focus on motivational and emotional influences on learning?
Which of the following principles focus on motivational and emotional influences on learning?
- Intrinsic motivation to learn (correct)
- Construction of knowledge
- Nature of the learning process
- Developmental influences on learning
Social interactions have no impact on the learning process.
Social interactions have no impact on the learning process.
False (B)
What is the role of strategic thinking in the learning process?
What is the role of strategic thinking in the learning process?
Strategic thinking enables learners to create and utilize various thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
The successful learner can _____ new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
The successful learner can _____ new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
Which principle states that learners have different strategies and approaches for learning?
Which principle states that learners have different strategies and approaches for learning?
Developmental influences on learning remain constant throughout an individual's life.
Developmental influences on learning remain constant throughout an individual's life.
Match the following principles with their correct descriptions:
Match the following principles with their correct descriptions:
What is meant by intrinsic motivation to learn?
What is meant by intrinsic motivation to learn?
What term describes the environmental variables that impact who we are?
What term describes the environmental variables that impact who we are?
According to the continuity view, change in development is viewed as abrupt.
According to the continuity view, change in development is viewed as abrupt.
Who proposed that the mind begins as a blank slate?
Who proposed that the mind begins as a blank slate?
Learning can be more effective when __________ differences are taken into account.
Learning can be more effective when __________ differences are taken into account.
Match the following philosophers with their beliefs about learning:
Match the following philosophers with their beliefs about learning:
Which area focuses on learners reflecting and regulating their thoughts?
Which area focuses on learners reflecting and regulating their thoughts?
Motivation and affect are irrelevant to the learning process.
Motivation and affect are irrelevant to the learning process.
What are the five areas distilled from the principles of learning by Alexander and Murphy?
What are the five areas distilled from the principles of learning by Alexander and Murphy?
What is the age range defined by WHO for a person to be considered an adolescent?
What is the age range defined by WHO for a person to be considered an adolescent?
Cognitive development includes only the physical growth of a person.
Cognitive development includes only the physical growth of a person.
What does the term 'human development' refer to?
What does the term 'human development' refer to?
_____ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
_____ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
Match the following types of development with their descriptions:
Match the following types of development with their descriptions:
According to change theorists, how are personalities modified?
According to change theorists, how are personalities modified?
Development is solely influenced by hereditary factors.
Development is solely influenced by hereditary factors.
What organization considers a child to be a person 18 years or younger?
What organization considers a child to be a person 18 years or younger?
Which approach emphasizes developmental change throughout adulthood as well as childhood?
Which approach emphasizes developmental change throughout adulthood as well as childhood?
Development occurs uniformly across all individuals.
Development occurs uniformly across all individuals.
What are the three stages of prenatal development?
What are the three stages of prenatal development?
Development proceeds from _____ to specific.
Development proceeds from _____ to specific.
Match the stages of human development with their time frames:
Match the stages of human development with their time frames:
Which statement best describes the life-span perspective of development?
Which statement best describes the life-span perspective of development?
Most traits are not correlated in development.
Most traits are not correlated in development.
What characterizes the sensorimotor stage of development?
What characterizes the sensorimotor stage of development?
What is the primary task during adolescence according to Erikson's theory?
What is the primary task during adolescence according to Erikson's theory?
The period of late adulthood is characterized by the task of intimacy vs. isolation.
The period of late adulthood is characterized by the task of intimacy vs. isolation.
What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
During early childhood, children experience the stage of ______ vs. guilt as they begin to initiate activities.
During early childhood, children experience the stage of ______ vs. guilt as they begin to initiate activities.
Match the following developmental stages with their corresponding tasks:
Match the following developmental stages with their corresponding tasks:
Study Notes
Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
- The 14 learner-centered psychological principles were developed by the American Psychological Association (APA)
- The principles are divided into four categories: cognitive and metacognitive, motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual differences.
Cognitive and Metacognitive
- Learning complex subjects is most effective when it is an intentional process.
- Learners can create meaningful representations of knowledge over time with support.
- Learners successfully link new information to existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
- Learners use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
- Higher-order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.
- The context of learning is influenced by cultural, technological, and instructional practices.
- Motivation influences the acquisition of complex knowledge and skills, requiring extended effort and guided practice.
Motivational and Affective
- Learners are more likely to learn when they are intrinsically motivated.
- The learner's creativity, higher-order thinking, and natural curiosity contribute to motivation to learn.
Developmental and Social
- Developmental opportunities and constraints influence learning as individuals grow.
- Social interactions, interpersonal relations, and communication influence learning with others.
Individual Differences
- Learners have unique strategies, approaches, and capabilities for learning based on prior experience and heredity.
- Learning is most effective when differences in learners' linguistic, cultural, and social backgrounds are considered.
- Setting challenging standards and assessing the learner and learning progress are essential.
Alexander and Murphy's Five Key Areas
- Existing knowledge forms the foundation of all future learning.
- Learners can develop skills to reflect and regulate their thoughts and behaviors to learn more effectively.
- Intrinsic motivation, personal goals, and enjoyment of learning tasks are crucial for the learning process.
- Learning is a unique journey for each person due to their unique combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Learning happens within the context of society and the individual.
Human Development
- Development is defined as the process where a person's growth is influenced by physical, environmental, and social factors.
- Heredity and environment influence development.
- Development is predictable, sequential, gradual, and continuous.
- Development is a product of heredity and environment.
- Development is multidimensional and includes growth, maintenance, and regulation.
Stages of Human Development
- Prenatal Stage: Conception and development begin. Three stages of prenatal development are germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods.
- Infancy and Toddlerhood: The first year and a half to two years of life are marked by dramatic growth and change.
- Early Childhood: Children start to explore their world during this stage, developing autonomy and initiative.
- Middle Childhood: Children face the task of industry vs. inferiority by comparing themselves to their peers.
- Adolescence: The focus is on identity development with identity vs. role confusion
- Early Adulthood: Individuals seek intimacy and connection with others.
- Middle Adulthood: The focus shifts to generativity and contributing to society.
- Late Adulthood: Individuals strive for integrity and reflect on their life experiences.
Psychosexual Development
- Sigmund Freud proposed five psychosexual stages that influence personality development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.
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Description
Explore the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the APA. This quiz covers the four categories: cognitive and metacognitive, motivational and affective, developmental and social, and individual differences. Test your understanding of how these principles can enhance learning and motivation.
