Lean Six Sigma DMAIC Model Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of obtaining signatures on a project charter?

  • To finalize the project timeline.
  • To provide superficial support for the project.
  • To ensure the project team is adequately funded.
  • To ensure support and 'buy-in' over a verbal commitment. (correct)
  • Which element is NOT typically included in a project charter?

  • Project Value
  • Problem Statement
  • Milestones
  • Team Member Salaries (correct)
  • What is one of the key customer concerns to address in a project?

  • Cost savings for the project team
  • Team members' performance ratings
  • Future project funding
  • Critical to Quality requirements (correct)
  • Which role is responsible for the day-to-day performance of the project?

    <p>Process Owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ROI stand for in the context of project management?

    <p>Return on Investment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is included when defining assumptions in a project?

    <p>Documenting sources and concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the project definition clearly establish?

    <p>The project's objective tied to business drivers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential next step in a project?

    <p>Identify gaps and mitigation plans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is NOT typically considered a stakeholder in a project?

    <p>Stock market analysts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical-to-quality requirement (CTQ)?

    <p>A measurable item defining customer requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in conducting stakeholder analysis?

    <p>Identifying all key stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are external customers in an organization?

    <p>Individuals who receive products and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method to capture the Voice of the Customer (VOC)?

    <p>Market forecasting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element should a problem statement include regarding the problem's effect?

    <p>A specific effect or pain caused by the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Voice of the Customer (VOC), what does CTQ refer to?

    <p>Critical measurement criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of stakeholder analysis involves understanding their influence on a project?

    <p>Assessing &amp; analyzing stakeholder interest/influence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT advisable when crafting a problem statement?

    <p>Implying a specific solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a SMART goal specifically include in its framework?

    <p>A timeframe for improvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to identify the Voice of the Customer (VOC) during the 'Define' phase?

    <p>To achieve improvements through continuous improvement initiatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phrase best aligns with the definition of 'internal customer'?

    <p>Next steps in a process or overall business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Core Process' refer to in a business context?

    <p>A process critical for day-to-day operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a project goal or mission statement, what does 'A' represent in the basic framework?

    <p>The current performance level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SIPOC model help to delineate?

    <p>Start and end points of a process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the stakeholder analysis process?

    <p>Taking actions based on stakeholder assessments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is emphasized as critical in processes within organizations?

    <p>Cross-functional processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is crucial when defining the baseline performance in a problem statement?

    <p>The baseline performance level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of many undefined processes in organizations?

    <p>They often fail and are inefficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stakeholder typically represents those affected by the project's outcome?

    <p>Customers / Clients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a problem statement articulate about the occurrence of the problem?

    <p>The frequency and location of the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of missing RFP deadlines as outlined in the examples?

    <p>Loss of revenue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When translating customer needs into metrics, which question should be addressed?

    <p>Is there a formula or operational definition available? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a problem statement not include a cause?

    <p>Focusing on the cause can dilute the problem's scope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of defining a project before applying process excellence tools?

    <p>To clarify the project's objectives and goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a project charter?

    <p>It specifies necessary resources and boundaries for the project team (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with poorly defined projects?

    <p>Excessive team motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a project charter be reviewed at a minimum?

    <p>After data collection is complete and after each of the first three phases of DMAIC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of a poorly structured project charter?

    <p>Decreased effectiveness and motivation of the team (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to revisit the elements of the project charter?

    <p>To ensure elements remain important and achievable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the project charter represent between the project team and management?

    <p>A contract detailing project obligations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically a challenge when choosing a project?

    <p>The choice often being out of your hands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for a project to be considered for evaluation?

    <p>Being within the team's control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a requirement for a supportable business case?

    <p>Direct involvement of end-users (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element should be included in a Project Charter?

    <p>Problem statement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a project to align with the Mission, Vision, and Goals of the organization?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of stakeholder engagement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the timeline of the project be based on?

    <p>Allotted schedule for completion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do team members regularly participate in for project evaluation?

    <p>Data collection and information gathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is NOT typically included in a Project Charter?

    <p>Financial Advisor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect contributes to the further development of the project's definition and scope?

    <p>First estimates of performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Control of the Project

    The ability of the team to actively influence and make decisions regarding the project.

    Team Participation

    Regular involvement and work by team members in the project activities.

    Stakeholder Support

    Support from key stakeholders who have a vested interest in the project's success.

    Business Case

    A justifiable reason for undertaking the project, outlining its benefits and value.

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    Organizational Alignment

    Ensuring the project's goals and objectives align with the organization's overall mission, values, and strategic direction.

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    Time-Bound Project

    A realistic timeframe that ensures the project can be completed within the allotted schedule.

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    What is a Project Charter?

    A formal document outlining the scope, goals, and expectations of the project.

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    Problem Statement

    A brief, concise description of the problem or process the project aims to address.

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    Project Objective

    A clear and concise statement that identifies what the project aims to achieve. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

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    Project Value

    The estimated benefit or return that the project will generate based on its potential gains or cost savings.

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    Project Plan

    A detailed plan that outlines the phases, timelines, and deliverables of a project. It acts as a roadmap for executing and monitoring the project.

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    Return on Investment (ROI) Calculation

    A detailed and quantified analysis of the financial returns expected from a project. It compares estimated costs with expected benefits (including gains and savings).

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    Project Team Roster

    Key individuals or stakeholders involved in the project. It includes stakeholders like the Project Owner, Champion, Sponsor, Supervisor, and Project Leader.

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    Project Assumptions

    Documented sources and assumptions that underpin the project plans and predictions. It helps to identify potential risks and uncertainties.

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    Risk Assessment

    A structured approach used to assess the potential impact of a project. It includes identifying potential risks, evaluating their likelihood and impact, and developing mitigation strategies.

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    Gap Analysis

    The process of identifying and addressing any gaps or inconsistencies between the project's planned outcomes and the desired outcomes. It involves identifying gaps and developing strategies to mitigate them.

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    Project Charter

    A written document that outlines the goals, scope, and resources for a Lean Six Sigma project.

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    Define Phase

    The phase in Lean Six Sigma where a project's goals, scope, and key stakeholders are defined.

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    Stakeholders

    Individuals or groups who have a vested interest in the outcome of a project. They may provide input, feedback, or resources.

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    High-Level Process Flow

    A high-level representation of a process that shows the key inputs, outputs, and activities involved. It's useful for understanding the big picture.

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    SIPOC Diagram

    A tool used to define the boundaries of a process by identifying its key components, including suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, and customers.

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    Voice of the Customer (VOC)

    The voice of the customer; understanding their needs, expectations, and feedback regarding a product or service.

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    Project Teams

    The group of individuals responsible for executing a project.

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    Logical Time Frame

    A clearly defined timeframe for a project, outlining its start and end dates.

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    Project Mission/Goal Statement

    A specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound statement that outlines the project's objective. It defines what changes are sought and how success is measured.

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    SMART Project Goals

    A project goal statement should be SMART, meaning:

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    Specific Project Goal

    The project goal statement needs to be specific, meaning it should clearly define what is going to be improved.

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    Measurable Project Goal

    Measuring the progress towards the project goal requires the goal to be measurable. Ensure there are metrics to track progress.

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    Achievable Project Goal

    When setting a goal, it should be achievable within the limits of project resources and timelines. It should be realistic and attainable.

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    Relevant Project Goal

    The goal should align with the overall project objective and address the identified problem in the problem statement.

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    Time-Bound Project Goal

    The goal should have a defined time frame for completion to provide a clear sense of urgency.

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    External Customer

    Individuals or groups who receive the product or service of a process and pay for it.

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    Internal Customer

    The next step in a process or the overall business itself.

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    Organization Customer

    Stakeholders or leaders of an organization who want a process to work efficiently.

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    Employee Customer

    People who work on a process.

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    Critical-to-Quality Requirements (CTQs)

    Specific, measurable requirements derived from customer needs, essential for successful process outcomes.

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    SIPOC

    A structured approach to defining a process, identifying key elements, and understanding its boundaries. It helps visualize the process from start to finish.

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    Defining Customer Requirements

    Converting customer needs into measurable requirements.

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    Work is done in a Process

    Any work done by people using resources, facilities, and procedures.

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    Stakeholder Analysis

    The process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing stakeholders based on their influence and interest in a project.

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    Core Processes

    Essential processes that are critical for the day-to-day operations of a business or organization.

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    Key Customers

    The primary individuals who receive the product or service from a business or project.

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    Methods to Capture VOC

    Direct discussions, interviews, surveys, focus groups, customer specifications, and observations to understand customer needs and preferences.

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    Quality Attributes

    Quality characteristics that are vital for a product or service to meet customer expectations.

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    Utilizing VOC Data

    Using VOC data to identify and improve quality attributes in products or processes, ensuring customer satisfaction.

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    Study Notes

    Lean Six Sigma DMAIC Model

    • DMAIC is a data-driven problem-solving methodology used in Lean Six Sigma
    • DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
    • Used for process improvement projects, addressing problems and improving processes
    • Aims to reduce errors, eliminate variability and optimize processes for efficiency and effectiveness

    Define Phase

    • Launch a team

    • Establish a charter

    • Plan the project

    • Gather the voice of the customer

    • Plan for change

    • Define problem statements; this is an agreement between team members & management about what the team is expected to accomplish

    • Clearly define the project's purpose, scope, and boundaries

    • Identify the problem and its root causes

    • Define the project goals and objectives

    • Collect data on customer needs and perceptions

    • Tools and deliverables:

      • Project charter
      • Team charter
      • SIPOC Diagram
      • Voice of Customer (VOC)

    Measure Phase

    • Document the process
    • Collect baseline data
    • Narrow down the project focus

    Analyze Phase

    • Analyze data
    • Identify root cause
    • Identify and remove waste

    Improve Phase

    • Generate solutions
    • Evaluate solutions
    • Optimize solutions
    • Pilot
    • Plan and implement

    Control Phase

    • Control the process
    • Validate project benefits

    Project Charter

    • A project charter is a contract between management and team members, outlining expectations for the project.
    • It defines scope, responsibilities, resources, and timelines
    • A key first step in a Lean Six Sigma methodology
    • A well defined plan can make or break the project
    • This ensures focus, effectiveness and motivation from all team members

    Problem Statement

    • States the problem being addressed
    • Clearly and concisely defines the problem
    • Provides context, importance, and business implications
    • Should include background, magnitude and trend, baseline performance
    • Should not include a solution or imply a cause

    Project Goal/Mission Statement

    • Clearly defines what success entails for the project, using the SMART Framework.
    • Includes:
    • What is desired?
    • How much improvement is needed?
    • When and by what timeframe?
    • Sets measurable parameters & performance targets

    Project Scope

    • Defines boundaries & parameters of the project; what is in scope and what is out of scope
    • The work is explicitly defined
    • Needs to be measurable; product families, geography, departments
    • Avoids scope creep

    SIPOC

    • Structure:
      • Suppliers: Who provides inputs?
      • Inputs: What are the raw materials or information used?
      • Process: The steps involved in transforming inputs to outputs.
      • Outputs: What is produced by the process?
      • Customers: Who or what is this output delivered to?

    Stakeholder Analysis

    • Identifies all individuals, groups, and organizations that can influence or be influenced by the outcome of the project.
    • It includes those who can influence, those who are affected, and those involved in the project
    • Understanding stakeholders' needs and expectations helps align efforts and ensure success.

    Voice of the Customer (VOC)

    • Used to gather customer feedback and needs.
    • Includes various ways like:
      • Direct discussion/interviews
      • Focus groups
      • Surveys
      • Customer specifications
      • Observations
    • Identifying quality attributes and operational definitions for incorporating into the process or product
    • Important during the Define phase

    Critical to Quality (CTQ)

    • CTQs are identified, specific, measurable, needs and requirements of the customer.
    • Needs to be a precise operational definition that can be measured

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    Description

    Explore the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC model, a systematic approach for process improvement. Understand each phase: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Learn how to effectively address problems, reduce variability, and optimize efficiency within projects.

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