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Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of the League of Nations established after World War I?
What was the name of the agreement that allowed Germany to annex Sudetenland in 1938?
What was the global economic crisis that occurred from 1929 to 1939?
Which of the following leaders was NOT a fascist leader?
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What was the main characteristic of fascist ideologies?
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What was the result of the League of Nations' inability to prevent Japanese invasion of Manchuria and Italian invasion of Ethiopia?
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What was the policy of giving in to Germany's demands to avoid war?
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What was the consequence of the protectionist policies implemented during the Great Depression?
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What was the result of the rise of fascist and nationalist ideologies in the 1930s?
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What was the characteristic of fascist leaders?
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Study Notes
League of Nations
- Established in 1920 after World War I as an international organization to promote peace and security
- Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
- Primary goal: Prevent war and promote collective security
- Limited success due to:
- Lack of military power to enforce decisions
- Veto power of permanent members (France, UK, Italy)
- Inability to prevent Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931) and Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935)
Appeasement Policy
- Policy of giving in to Germany's demands to avoid war
- Implemented by UK and France in the 1930s
- Key events:
- Remilitarization of the Rhineland (1936): Germany reoccupied the Rhineland, violating the Treaty of Versailles
- Anschluss with Austria (1938): Germany annexed Austria
- Munich Agreement (1938): UK and France allowed Germany to annex Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
- Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939): Germany occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia
- Appeasement policy failed to prevent war and emboldened Germany's aggression
Global Economic Crisis
- The Great Depression (1929-1939): global economic downturn caused by stock market crash, protectionism, and decline of international trade
- Effects:
- High unemployment rates (up to 30% in some countries)
- Rise of extremist ideologies (fascism, communism)
- Increased international tensions
- Protectionist policies (e.g., Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act) worsened the crisis
International Relations
- Rise of nationalist and fascist ideologies
- Aggressive expansion by Japan, Italy, and Germany
- Failure of the League of Nations to prevent aggression
- Isolationist policies in the United States and the UK
Rise of Fascism
- Ideology: authoritarian, nationalist, and militaristic
- Key fascist leaders:
- Benito Mussolini (Italy)
- Adolf Hitler (Germany)
- Francisco Franco (Spain)
- Characteristics:
- Suppression of opposition and dissent
- Aggressive expansion and militarization
- Anti-communist and anti-Semitic rhetoric
- Charismatic leadership and propaganda
League of Nations
- Established in 1920 after World War I to promote peace and security
- Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
- Primary goal: prevent war and promote collective security
- Limited success due to lack of military power, veto power of permanent members, and inability to prevent Japanese invasion of Manchuria and Italian invasion of Ethiopia
Appeasement Policy
- Implemented by UK and France in the 1930s to avoid war
- Involves giving in to Germany's demands
- Key events:
- Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936, violating the Treaty of Versailles
- Germany annexed Austria in 1938
- Germany annexed Sudetenland in 1938, followed by the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939
- Policy failed to prevent war and emboldened Germany's aggression
Global Economic Crisis
- The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939
- Caused by stock market crash, protectionism, and decline of international trade
- Effects:
- High unemployment rates (up to 30% in some countries)
- Rise of extremist ideologies (fascism, communism)
- Increased international tensions
- Protectionist policies worsened the crisis
International Relations
- Rise of nationalist and fascist ideologies
- Aggressive expansion by Japan, Italy, and Germany
- Failure of the League of Nations to prevent aggression
- Isolationist policies in the United States and the UK
Rise of Fascism
- Ideology: authoritarian, nationalist, and militaristic
- Key fascist leaders:
- Benito Mussolini (Italy)
- Adolf Hitler (Germany)
- Francisco Franco (Spain)
- Characteristics:
- Suppression of opposition and dissent
- Aggressive expansion and militarization
- Anti-communist and anti-Semitic rhetoric
- Charismatic leadership and propaganda
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Description
Learn about the League of Nations, established in 1920 to promote peace and security, and the Appeasement Policy, a approach to avoid war.
