Leadership Styles Quiz: Trust in Subordinates

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a classic study on leadership?

SWOT Analysis (correct)

Leadership Behaviour Continuum

Managerial Grid

Rensis Likert’s Four Systems Management

What is essential for organizations to guide them through changes?

Capable leadership

Leadership styles have no implications for followers.

False

What factor do CEOs believe will determine their organizational fate?

Quality of leadership talent Signup and view all the answers

Effective leaders must adapt to ________ to ensure organizational success.

change Signup and view all the answers

Match the theories or concepts with their descriptions:

Managerial Grid = A model that assesses leadership style Rensis Likert’s Four Systems Management = A theory describing four types of management systems Leadership Behaviour Continuum = A spectrum of leadership behaviors Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory = A motivation theory identifying hygiene and motivational factors Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership system emphasizes team participation and personal authority?

System 4 Signup and view all the answers

In System 3, the leader is fully committed to Theory X.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggest about leadership behavior?

Leadership actions relate to the authority used by managers and the freedom available to subordinates. Signup and view all the answers

The effective leader should be ______ and consider the capabilities of their subordinates.

adaptable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skills with their descriptions:

Technical = This skill relates to a person's knowledge and ability in any organizational functional area Human = This skill is the ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork Conceptual = This skill is the ability to think in terms of models, frameworks, and broad relationships, such as long-range plans Leadership = Represents a person’s philosophy, skills, and attitudes Autocratic = This leader centralizes power and decision-making in them Participative = This leadership style is an expression of the leader’s trust in the abilities of his subordinates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Fred Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership?

The situational aspects of effective leadership Signup and view all the answers

What does Life Cycle Theory assert about the maturity of followers?

As followers mature, the leader requires less task structure while increasing consideration. Signup and view all the answers

Trait theories of leadership suggest that leaders are made, not born.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the three different types of leadership skills?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the path-goal approach?

The leader's influence on his followers’ perception of their work goals, personal goals, and paths to achievement. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory does the path-goal approach use for its foundation?

Vroom's Expectancy Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of technical skills?

Knowledge and ability in an organizational functional area. Signup and view all the answers

What ability does human skill refer to?

The ability to work effectively with people. Signup and view all the answers

What is Directive Leadership characterized by?

Specific directions with no participation. Signup and view all the answers

What do conceptual skills deal with?

Ideas, models, and broad relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Supportive Leadership on followers?

It decreases stress and frustration. Signup and view all the answers

The requirement for human skills decreases as one moves up the organizational hierarchy.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is Participative Leadership?

A leadership style where the leader asks for and uses suggestions from subordinates but ultimately makes the decision himself. Signup and view all the answers

Fiedler developed what he called a ______ model of leadership effectiveness.

contingency Signup and view all the answers

What is participative leadership?

A leadership style that involves consultation and participation from subordinates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of the autocratic leadership style?

It can lead to frustration, dissatisfaction, fear, and conflict. Signup and view all the answers

The contingency model of leadership effectiveness contained the relationship between leadership style and the ______ of the situation.

favorableness Signup and view all the answers

Does leadership need to be situational? Provide an example.

Yes, leadership is situational as different contexts may require different leadership styles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of free-rein leadership style?

The leader abdicates decision-making responsibilities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of a successful leader?

Technical, human, and conceptual skills. Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is most effective in emergencies?

Autocratic Signup and view all the answers

In Blake and Mouton's managerial grid, which style represents maximum concern for both people and production?

9.9 manager Signup and view all the answers

What does System 1 in Likert’s four systems represent?

Exploitative, Authoritative leadership. Signup and view all the answers

What can organizations do to avoid the risks associated with inadequate leadership?

Prepare current and future leaders for unforeseen changes. Signup and view all the answers

Successful organizations have dynamic and effective leadership.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary resource in any business enterprise?

Managers or business leaders. Signup and view all the answers

The shortage of effective leadership is confined to business sectors.

False Signup and view all the answers

What can result from organizational failures?

Ineffective leadership. Signup and view all the answers

The democratic leader encourages and __.

group discussion, decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

The _____________ leader essentially provided no leadership.

laissez faire. Signup and view all the answers

The authoritarian leader was very ______ and allowed no participation.

directive. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered necessary skills for leaders?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does leadership primarily involve?

Influencing others to work together towards achieving a specified goal. Signup and view all the answers

Match the leadership styles with their characteristics:

Authoritarian = Directive leadership with no participation Democratic = Encourages group discussion and decision-making Laissez faire = Provides complete freedom to the group Effective leadership = Influences others towards achieving goals Signup and view all the answers

Leadership is an inter-personal influence directed towards goal attainment.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a situation that can arouse a patriotic attitude?

When his country is threatened from external aggression or if the National Anthem is sung. Signup and view all the answers

People hold uniformly favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward objects.

False Signup and view all the answers

What tends to arouse positive attitudinal reactions?

Events that foster movement toward what one values Signup and view all the answers

Which group would react negatively to a proposal to restrict trade unionism?

Labor union supporters Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the stimulation necessary to arouse an attitude as its strength increases?

The lesser is the stimulation necessary to arouse it. Signup and view all the answers

What item would likely produce an attitudinal reaction in someone with a weakly unfavorable attitude toward labor unions?

Seeing a group of laborers milling about, jeering and overturning a company truck Signup and view all the answers

Which internal response category does NOT belong to an aroused attitude?

Social approval Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leadership and Personality Development Overview

Capable leadership is critical for organizations to navigate changes and challenges in a dynamic environment.
Leadership quality directly impacts organizational effectiveness and adaptability to new demands.
Many organizations, including well-known companies, have faced difficulties due to ineffective leadership and failure to implement strategic plans.

Importance of Leadership

Organizations with dynamic leadership reflect higher success rates compared to those without effective leadership.
Prominent figures in business, like Peter F. Drucker, highlight managers as the most vital and scarce resources in enterprises.
A lack of leadership strength can lead to organizational failures and risks, especially as experienced leaders retire.

Leadership Challenges

There is an ongoing issue of leadership shortages across various sectors, including business, government, and education.
The departure of skilled leaders, often referred to as the "brain drain," negatively impacts organizations and society as a whole.

Leadership Skills and Styles

Effective leadership is defined through various skills and styles, which are essential for managing teams and driving performance.
Leadership skills include decision-making, communication, empathy, and the ability to motivate and inspire others.
Several leadership styles exist, each with implications for both followers and the organization, influencing workplace dynamics and culture.

Theories and Frameworks

Classic studies on leadership provide a foundation for understanding different leadership approaches and their effectiveness.
Major leadership theories include:
- Managerial Grid: A framework to evaluate leadership behavior based on concern for people and concern for production.
- Rensis Likert’s Four Systems Management: Different management styles ranging from exploitative to participative.
- Leadership Behavior Continuum: Models showing different leadership behaviors from autocratic to democratic.

Conclusion on Leadership

Acknowledgment of leadership's role in organization success and the ongoing need for effective leaders as markets and technologies evolve.
Calls for increased focus on leadership development programs to cultivate the next generation of leaders who can adapt to future challenges.### Importance of Leadership in Change Management
Effective leadership is crucial for successful organizational change as there are no inherent stabilizing mechanisms within organizations.
Organizations operate amidst numerous external activities that can detract from members' focus, requiring strong leadership to navigate these distractions.
A static organization risks decline; change is essential for survival in a dynamic environment.
Management of change is a significant challenge that necessitates effective leadership.

Definition and Characteristics of Leadership

Leadership has varied meanings and contexts, often seen as a personality trait, positional characteristic, or behavioral attribute.
Defined as a relationship where one person influences others to collaborate on common tasks to achieve shared objectives.
Keith Davis highlights leadership as the ability to inspire others toward defined goals, underscoring its role in motivating group cohesion and morale.
Leadership involves creatively directing and influencing others to attain specified goals, balancing both individual and organizational needs.
It is an interpersonal influence process reliant on situational factors and the personal traits of both leaders and followers.

Historical Leadership Studies

Classic studies have contributed to the understanding of leadership dynamics within organizations.
The Iowa Leadership Studies investigated the effects of different leadership styles (authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire) on group behavior and satisfaction among boys in hobby clubs.
Findings indicated a strong preference for democratic leadership and observed behavioral patterns, such as aggression, under authoritarian leadership.
The Ohio State Leadership Studies highlighted two key dimensions of leadership: consideration (concern for individuals) and initiating structure (task orientation), enhancing the understanding of effective leadership.
The Early Michigan Leadership Studies found that high-producing sections were led by supervisors with a human-centered style, contrasting with low-producing sections that displayed more autocratic tendencies.

Leadership Skills

Leaders utilize three categories of skills:
- Technical skills: Knowledge and abilities relevant to specific organizational functions, crucial at the operational level.
- Human skills: The ability to work effectively with people, essential for teamwork and a critical aspect of leadership behavior across all levels.
- Conceptual skills: The capacity to think in broader frameworks and relationships, becoming increasingly important at higher levels of management while technical skills diminish in relative importance.