Leadership Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between a 'team builder' and a 'team player'?

A team builder focuses on creating an effective team where members cooperate, while a team player exhibits appropriate behaviors within the team.

Why is the role of an entrepreneur important?

The role of an entrepreneur is important for contributing innovative ideas to attract more students to enroll in courses offered by the institute.

What does it mean to 'know how to sweet talk'?

Knowing how to sweet talk implies having the ability to speak in a charming or persuasive manner to achieve desired outcomes.

Explain what is meant by 'agree to disagree'?

<p>Agreeing to disagree refers to accepting that people have different opinions and choosing to peacefully acknowledge and respect those differences without conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'a learning community'?

<p>A learning community is a group of people who share common academic goals and actively engage in learning together, supporting each other's educational endeavors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'building up emotional bank accounts' mean?

<p>Building up emotional bank accounts refers to strengthening emotional connections and relationships by making positive deposits such as acts of kindness, trust, and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In your own words, explain 'the sharing of the power pie'.

<p>The sharing of the power pie refers to the equitable distribution of authority, influence, and resources among individuals or groups involved in decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a leader 'bond people into a community of leaders'?

<p>A leader bonds people into a community of leaders by fostering a sense of shared purpose, encouraging continuous learning and development, and empowering individuals to take on leadership roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is a 'change master'?

<p>A 'change master' is a leader who is adept at initiating and managing organizational changes effectively, handling uncertainty, and guiding the organization through transitional phases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what is meant by 'understanding and appreciating the power of culture'?

<p>Understanding and appreciating the power of culture involves recognizing the impact of organizational culture on behavior, decision-making, and performance, and valuing the role of culture in shaping the shared norms and values within an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'being outrageous' as used in the context of leadership?

<p>Being outrageous in the context of leadership refers to displaying boldness, unconventional thinking, and a willingness to challenge the status quo in pursuit of innovative solutions and outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the leadership characteristics with their descriptions:

<p>Change Master = Handles uncertainty and ambiguity, plans for short-term victories, and trusts the team Culture Builder = Values and communicates core values, rewards those supporting culture, and builds a desirable organizational culture Activator = Mobilizes people towards targets, takes risks, and encourages and motivates others Character Builder = Has integrity, leads by example, seeks to develop student character, and hires staff with strong personalities Producer = Believes in achievement as bottom line, pays attention to individual students, and makes research-based decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Dahl (1957) define as the use of power at its most basic level?

<p>Influencing followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leadership has never been strongly featured in the study of leadership due to its negative connotations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Collinson (2011), what assumption has led to the false perception of leadership as inherently good and positive?

<p>absence of in-depth considerations of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ leadership is practiced when subordinates are given the opportunities to make decisions that affect them in the organization.

<p>Shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristic traits of charismatic leaders:

<p>Achievement-oriented = Charismatic leaders are achievement-oriented. Self-confident = Charismatic leaders exhibit self-confidence. Nurturing and considerate = Charismatic leaders are nurturing, considerate, and socially sensitive. Takes personal risks = Charismatic leaders are willing to take personal risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six learning outcomes discussed in this topic about the nature of leadership?

<ol> <li>Discuss the roles of a leader; 2. Differentiate between leadership and management; 3. Discuss the traits of effective leadership; 4. Explore the importance of a principal's instructional leadership; 5. Explore the role of power in leadership and the leader-follower relationship; 6. Discuss the changing perspectives on leadership.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

In simple terms, a leader is a person who leads a group of people to achieve certain objectives which might have been agreed on by the followers but set by the leader or in a democratic organization. According to the text, what role does a leader play?

<p>Ensuring group objectives are realized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leadership and management are identical in nature.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leadership is about ______ goal accomplishment.

<p>effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions of management with the corresponding emphasis of leadership:

<p>Planning and Budgeting = Establishing Direction Organizing and Staffing = Aligning People Controlling and Problem Solving = Motivating and Inspiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nine roles identified by researchers that leaders play in an organization?

<ol> <li>Figurehead; 2. Spokesperson; 3. Liaison; 4. Leader; 5. Monitor; 6. Disseminator; 7. Entrepreneur; 8. Disturbance handler; 9. Resource allocator.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the refined personality traits of a charismatic leader according to House and Howell?

<p>House and Howell identified the refined personality traits of a charismatic leader as being visionary, self-sacrificing, and transformational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do most people believe charismatic leaders are ineffective?

<p>Some people contend that most charismatic leaders are ineffective, but opinions on this matter can vary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is charismatic leadership acquired or inborn?

<p>Charismatic leadership can involve a combination of innate qualities and learned behaviors. Some aspects may be inborn, while others can be developed over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an individual aspiring to be a leader develop charismatic traits?

<p>An individual aspiring to be a leader can develop charismatic traits through enhancing their communication skills, demonstrating empathy, being visionary, and inspiring others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Burns (1978), how do transactional leaders motivate their followers?

<p>Transactional leaders motivate their followers by exchanging rewards for the services rendered. They focus on meeting immediate needs and providing incentives for desired performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the resource manual mentioned in the content?

<p>The principal instructional management rating scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the book 'Theory and Research in Administration'?

<p>Halpin, A.W.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Max Weber wrote 'The theory of social and economic organizations'.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to J. Rost, leadership in the 21st century is focused on __________.

<p>Praeger</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three ways in which the goals of a school can be effectively communicated to teachers, parents, and students.

<p>School bulletins, newsletters, school handbooks, during assemblies</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is classroom instruction evaluated and supported according to the text?

<p>Classroom instruction is evaluated and instructional supports are provided to teachers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is closely aligned with school curricular objectives?

<p>Content taught in classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teachers are rewarded through praises, compliments, and promotions when they deserve them.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a core belief of moral leadership?

<p>Leadership practice should not only be based on secular authority and science, but also on intuition, sacred authority, and emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformational leadership combined with certain values and beliefs results in __________.

<p>moral leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nature of Leadership

  • Leadership is about influencing people to achieve certain objectives
  • A leader plays a major role in ensuring the group objectives are finally realised
  • In every group, a leader would appear naturally, even if not appointed
  • A person could be termed as a leader if they inspire, influence and motivate people to achieve certain goals and make constructive changes in their organisation

Interpretation of Leadership

  • Leadership has been defined in many different ways
  • It is associated with "interpersonal influence, communication, goal attainment, motivation and coordination, and willingness to take the blame"
  • These words and phrases distinguish a leader from others
  • A leader is seldom born, but made, and anyone can be a leader if they desire to be one and adopt the characteristics of a good leader as part of their personality

Leadership and Management

  • Leadership and management are not the same, although both are about working with people and involve influence
  • Leadership is about effective goal accomplishment, and management is about planning and budgeting, organising and staffing, controlling and problem-solving
  • Both management and leadership are essential if an organisation is to succeed
  • An organisation needs to be nourished by both competent management and leadership

Leadership Roles

  • A leader plays a very important role to ensure the well-being of an organisation
  • The roles undertaken by a leader are many faceted, including:
    • Figurehead
    • Spokesperson
    • Negotiator
    • Coach
    • Team Builder
    • Team Player
    • Technical Problem Solver
    • Entrepreneur
    • Strategic Planner

Traits of Effective Leadership

  • Effective leadership can be observed through the traits of the leader himself
  • McEwan's 10 traits of highly effective principals include:
    • The Communicator
    • The Educator
    • ... (and 8 more traits)
  • These traits should be present in an individual leader and should be part of their personality

The Communicator

  • Communication skills are very important in any leadership function
  • A leader has to communicate his ideas and instructions to his subordinates as well as to others
  • Benchmarks for effective communication include:
    • Attending to the needs of the staff
    • Listening and understanding the grouses and opinions of subordinates
    • Empathising with difficulties encountered by staff
    • Disclosing himself to others
    • ... (and 17 more characteristics)### Characteristics of an Educator
  • Believes that all students can learn
  • Provides training and support for teachers
  • Creates cognitive dissonance to ensure the development of creativity among students
  • Establishes, implements, and achieves academic standards
  • Focuses on instruction
  • Models continuous learning
  • Develops teacher leaders
  • Pays attention to what matters most
  • Creates learning communities

The Envisioner

  • Has a sixth sense and can sense future happenings
  • Feels called to make a difference
  • Has resolve, goals, and life vision
  • Can see the invisible
  • Knows where they are headed
  • Has compelling visions that enables them to venture into uncharted territory
  • Can articulate their visions and then make them happen

The Facilitator

  • Bonds people into a community of leaders
  • Taps the potential of people
  • Says "we" instead of "I"
  • Favors people over paperwork
  • Builds up emotional bank accounts through understanding, appreciating, and affirming others
  • Cultivates their own well-being and develops an anti-burnout mechanism
  • Values diversity
  • Shares the "power pie"
  • Accentuates the positive aspects of their followers
  • Promotes parental involvement in school activities
  • Celebrates whenever successes are achieved

The Change Master

  • Can handle uncertainty and ambiguity
  • Respects resisters
  • Is futuristic
  • Uses a situational approach
  • Knows the power is within oneself
  • Values the process
  • Plans for short-term victories
  • Procures resources to ensure that the change process would not be hindered
  • Trusts their team
  • Does not only require their followers to change but also leads by example
  • Must also be a motivator
  • Understands the whole change process

The Culture Builder

  • Understands and appreciates the power of culture
  • Knows what a good culture looks like
  • Facilitates the development of core values
  • Communicates these values clearly to all team members
  • Rewards and cheers those who support and enhance the culture
  • Builds a culture that people choose
  • Knows the small stuff is really the big stuff

The Activator

  • Mobilises people to work towards achieving the target
  • Is also an entrepreneurial leader
  • Does not want to be told
  • Is a risk taker
  • Asks for forgiveness rather than permission
  • Runs to daylight
  • Does not micromanage
  • Makes things happen
  • Is a cheerleader
  • Is outrageous in a positive tone

The Producer

  • Believes that achievement is the bottom line
  • Never mistakes activities for achievements
  • Is data-driven
  • Pays attention to individual students
  • Has an academically-focused mission
  • Makes research-based decisions
  • Holds teachers accountable for all activities

The Character Builder

  • Is human
  • Is trustworthy
  • Has integrity
  • Is authentic
  • Is respectful
  • Is generous in giving advice and willing to coach others
  • Hires staff members with character
  • Is consistent in their words and actions
  • Leads by example
  • Seeks to develop the character of students

The Contributor

  • Leads by serving others
  • Is self-aware and reflective
  • Is a good steward for others to trust and follow
  • Has a strong will

Leadership and Power

  • Power is the ability of an individual or group to influence another individual or group
  • There are three sources of power: influence, persuasion, and authority
  • Power can be used to influence, persuade, or control others
  • Leadership involves the use of power to achieve goals and resolve conflicts
  • Power can be associated with the individual, or shared among leaders and followers### The Nature of Leadership
  • Leadership involves power relations between the leader and the follower, which are interdependent, asymmetrical, ambiguous, frequently shifting, and contested.
  • Followers are not entirely powerless, and shared leadership or distributed leadership is practiced when subordinates are given the opportunity to make decisions that affect them.

Changing Perspectives on Leadership

  • Traditional perspectives on leadership emerged before the 1980s, with a focus on traits and roles.
  • The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) studies at Ohio State University in the 1940s identified four major findings:
    • Initiating structure and consideration are fundamental dimensions of leader behavior.
    • Effective leader behavior is often associated with frequent behaviors on both dimensions.
    • Superiors and subordinates tend to evaluate the contributions of leader behavior dimensions oppositely.
    • Only a slight relationship exists between how leaders say they should behave and how subordinates describe their behavior.
  • The traditional approach to leadership began to change in the 1990s, with the emergence of new perspectives such as charismatic and transformational leadership.

Charismatic Leadership

  • Charismatic leadership is a mode of influence based on followers' perceptions of exceptional qualities in the leader.
  • Charismatic leaders display a vision, manage impressions, make self-sacrifices, take personal risks, model behavior, engage in unconventional behavior, and share power.
  • Charismatic leaders have a strong influence on followers' emotions and can bring about positive change.
  • Charismatic leadership is more likely to emerge in weak situations and is characterized by a sense of leader success.

Transactional and Transformational Leadership

  • Transactional leadership involves exchanging rewards for services rendered, and is characterized by a focus on short-term goals and a hierarchical structure.
  • Transformational leadership goes beyond exchanges and inducements, and is characterized by a focus on long-term goals, empowerment, and innovation.
  • Transactional leaders motivate followers by providing what they want, while transformational leaders motivate followers to be self-motivated and empowered.
  • Transformational leaders define the need for change, create a new vision, concentrate on long-term goals, inspire followers to transcend their own interests, and mentor followers to take greater responsibility.

Instructional Leadership

  • Instructional leadership is a critical role of a school leader, involving creating an environment and developing a school climate that facilitates quality instructional programs.
  • The principal is responsible for forging a partnership with teachers to improve teaching and learning.
  • Hallinger's 10 job functions of an instructional leader include:
    • Defining the school's mission and goals
    • Managing curriculum
    • Supervising and evaluating instruction
    • Coordinating staff development
    • Allocating resources
    • Managing the school's climate
    • Building external relationships
    • Managing the instructional program
    • Monitoring student performance
    • Developing policies and procedures

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