Leadership Concepts and Approaches
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Questions and Answers

What does leadership encompass?

  • The power to control and dominate others
  • The ability to lead, influence, or guide others (correct)
  • The skill to manipulate and deceive others
  • The authority to dictate and command others

    • How is leadership defined in some U.S. academic environments?

  • A demonstration of power for suppressing dissent
  • An exercise of authority for personal gain
  • A process of social influence for accomplishing common and ethical tasks (correct)
  • An act of coercion for achieving individual goals

    • What have some challenged about traditional managerial views of leadership?

  • The exclusion of ethical considerations in leadership practices
  • The importance of authoritarian control in leadership roles
  • The portrayal of leadership as something possessed or owned by one individual due to their role or authority (correct)
  • The need for leaders to exert absolute power over their followers

    • What have studies of leadership produced theories involving?

    <p>Traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of leadership theory and research for the next few decades after the shift from enduring individual trait to situational approaches?

    <p>Investigation of leader behaviors that were effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical advances during the 1980s allowed researchers to conduct meta-analyses in leadership research?

    <p>Improvements in researchers' use of the round-robin research design methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the reemergence of trait theory not bring about according to Stephen Zaccaro?

    <p>A corresponding increase in sophisticated conceptual frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the leader-attribute-pattern approach emphasize?

    <p>The influence of individual characteristics on outcomes as an integrated totality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did situational approaches posit about individuals' effectiveness in leadership?

    <p>Individuals can be effective in certain situations, but not others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did improvements in researchers' use of the round-robin research design methodology reveal about individuals and leadership?

    <p>Individuals can and do emerge as leaders across a variety of situations and tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did trait theories fail to consider according to Stephen Zaccaro?

    <p>Motes, values, and social skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the attribute pattern approach aim to address?

    <p>The criticisms outlined for trait theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Chinese Mandate of Heaven doctrine emphasize?

    <p>The need for just rulers and the right of subordinates to overthrow unjust emperors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did pro-aristocracy thinkers believe in leadership based on?

    <p>&quot;Blue blood&quot; or genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did monarchy use divine sanction for?

    <p>To assert leadership over aristocrats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did more democratically inclined theorists point to as meritocratic leaders?

    <p>Napoleonic marshals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did autocratic/paternalistic thought harken back to?

    <p>The leadership role of the Roman pater familias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did feminist thinking object to in leadership models?

    <p>&quot;Patriarchal leadership models&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the important elements that determine the success and failure of an organization?

    <p>Situational aspects influencing effective leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is the most valuable skill in the business world?

    <p>Leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is important to understand in order to be a better leader?

    <p>Human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are leadership theories helpful?

    <p>They make it easier to understand and predict people's behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can analyzing your leadership style using theories help you with?

    <p>Understanding what kind of leader you are and how to be more effective in managing your team.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of knowing what type of leader you are according to the text?

    <p>Taking more decisive actions based on your leadership style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?

    <p>Through inherent traits and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Great Man Theory propose about the best leaders?

    <p>They are born, not made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Great Man Theory, what determines leadership abilities?

    <p>Inherited traits and qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?

    <p>Leaders are born with inherent leadership traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Great Man Theory ignore in its approach to leadership?

    <p>Situational factors affecting leader behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the criticisms of the Great Man Theory?

    <p>It lacks scientific validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the trait theory of leadership?

    <p>Ralph M. Stogdill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the trait theory of leadership?

    <p>Studying the characteristics of different leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are potential leaders' potential to lead effectively determined according to the trait theory?

    <p>By comparing their characteristics to those of different leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the criticisms of the Trait theory of leadership?

    <p>It ignored environmental and situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the list of traits in the Trait theory considered complex?

    <p>The listed traits kept changing over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Trait theory fail to explain about leadership?

    <p>Failures in leadership despite possessing certain traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does behavioral theory of leadership focus on?

    <p>Specific behaviors and actions of leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the behavioral theory of leadership evolve?

    <p>1950s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the behavioral theory of leadership suggest about effective leadership?

    <p>It is the result of many learned skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contingency theory propose about the best way to structure an organization and lead a team?

    <p>There is no one singular best way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea of contingency theory regarding leadership style?

    <p>The best leadership style depends on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to contingency theory, what determines the best leadership style?

    <p>The specific situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the contingency theory emphasize in determining the style of leadership?

    <p>Situational variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective leadership comprise, according to the theories of leadership mentioned?

    <p>Traits, behavior, and situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the contingency theory of leadership evolve?

    <p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Historical Views and Theories of Leadership

    • The Chinese Mandate of Heaven doctrine emphasized the need for just rulers and the right of subordinates to overthrow unjust emperors.
    • Pro-aristocracy thinkers believed in leadership based on "blue blood" or genetics.
    • Monarchy used divine sanction, such as the divine right of kings, to assert leadership over aristocrats.
    • More democratically inclined theorists pointed to meritocratic leaders like the Napoleonic marshals.
    • Autocratic/paternalistic thought harkened back to the leadership role of the Roman pater familias.
    • Feminist thinking objected to patriarchal leadership models and advocated for emotionally attuned, consensual guidance.
    • Confucianism emphasized the virtues of a benevolent male scholar-leader, including intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and discipline.
    • Machiavelli's "The Prince" provided a manual for rulers to gain and keep power in the 16th century.
    • Prior to the 19th century, traditional deference and obedience to lords, kings, and slave-masters was expected in society.
    • Industrialization and opposition to the ancien regime led to the development of the idea of "leadership" in the 19th century.
    • Anarchist thought in the 19th century questioned the concept of leadership, leading to the development of Leninism as a response.
    • Christian and secular leadership doctrines have addressed contrasts, emphasizing stewardship and servant leadership.

    Theories of Leadership

    • The search for the traits of leaders has been ongoing for centuries, with early recognition of the importance of leadership and the assumption that it is rooted in individual characteristics.
    • This idea, known as the "trait theory of leadership," was explored extensively in the 19th century by writers like Thomas Carlyle and Francis Galton.
    • Qualitative reviews in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to a different view of the driving forces behind leadership, suggesting that people who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in others.

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    Description

    Explore the contested term of leadership, including various viewpoints and contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership. Gain insights into the practical skill of leadership and its impact on individuals, groups, and organizations.

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