Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does leadership encompass?
What does leadership encompass?
- The power to control and dominate others
- The ability to lead, influence, or guide others (correct)
- The skill to manipulate and deceive others
- The authority to dictate and command others
How is leadership defined in some U.S. academic environments?
How is leadership defined in some U.S. academic environments?
- A demonstration of power for suppressing dissent
- An exercise of authority for personal gain
- A process of social influence for accomplishing common and ethical tasks (correct)
- An act of coercion for achieving individual goals
What have some challenged about traditional managerial views of leadership?
What have some challenged about traditional managerial views of leadership?
- The exclusion of ethical considerations in leadership practices
- The importance of authoritarian control in leadership roles
- The portrayal of leadership as something possessed or owned by one individual due to their role or authority (correct)
- The need for leaders to exert absolute power over their followers
What have studies of leadership produced theories involving?
What have studies of leadership produced theories involving?
What was the focus of leadership theory and research for the next few decades after the shift from enduring individual trait to situational approaches?
What was the focus of leadership theory and research for the next few decades after the shift from enduring individual trait to situational approaches?
What statistical advances during the 1980s allowed researchers to conduct meta-analyses in leadership research?
What statistical advances during the 1980s allowed researchers to conduct meta-analyses in leadership research?
What did the reemergence of trait theory not bring about according to Stephen Zaccaro?
What did the reemergence of trait theory not bring about according to Stephen Zaccaro?
What does the leader-attribute-pattern approach emphasize?
What does the leader-attribute-pattern approach emphasize?
What did situational approaches posit about individuals' effectiveness in leadership?
What did situational approaches posit about individuals' effectiveness in leadership?
What did improvements in researchers' use of the round-robin research design methodology reveal about individuals and leadership?
What did improvements in researchers' use of the round-robin research design methodology reveal about individuals and leadership?
What did trait theories fail to consider according to Stephen Zaccaro?
What did trait theories fail to consider according to Stephen Zaccaro?
What did the attribute pattern approach aim to address?
What did the attribute pattern approach aim to address?
What did the Chinese Mandate of Heaven doctrine emphasize?
What did the Chinese Mandate of Heaven doctrine emphasize?
What did pro-aristocracy thinkers believe in leadership based on?
What did pro-aristocracy thinkers believe in leadership based on?
What did monarchy use divine sanction for?
What did monarchy use divine sanction for?
Who did more democratically inclined theorists point to as meritocratic leaders?
Who did more democratically inclined theorists point to as meritocratic leaders?
What did autocratic/paternalistic thought harken back to?
What did autocratic/paternalistic thought harken back to?
What did feminist thinking object to in leadership models?
What did feminist thinking object to in leadership models?
What is one of the important elements that determine the success and failure of an organization?
What is one of the important elements that determine the success and failure of an organization?
What does the text suggest is the most valuable skill in the business world?
What does the text suggest is the most valuable skill in the business world?
According to the text, what is important to understand in order to be a better leader?
According to the text, what is important to understand in order to be a better leader?
Why are leadership theories helpful?
Why are leadership theories helpful?
What can analyzing your leadership style using theories help you with?
What can analyzing your leadership style using theories help you with?
What is the benefit of knowing what type of leader you are according to the text?
What is the benefit of knowing what type of leader you are according to the text?
According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?
According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?
What does the Great Man Theory propose about the best leaders?
What does the Great Man Theory propose about the best leaders?
According to the Great Man Theory, what determines leadership abilities?
According to the Great Man Theory, what determines leadership abilities?
According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?
According to the Great Man Theory, how are leaders perceived to acquire the ability to lead?
What did the Great Man Theory ignore in its approach to leadership?
What did the Great Man Theory ignore in its approach to leadership?
What was one of the criticisms of the Great Man Theory?
What was one of the criticisms of the Great Man Theory?
Who proposed the trait theory of leadership?
Who proposed the trait theory of leadership?
What was the focus of the trait theory of leadership?
What was the focus of the trait theory of leadership?
How are potential leaders' potential to lead effectively determined according to the trait theory?
How are potential leaders' potential to lead effectively determined according to the trait theory?
What was one of the criticisms of the Trait theory of leadership?
What was one of the criticisms of the Trait theory of leadership?
Why was the list of traits in the Trait theory considered complex?
Why was the list of traits in the Trait theory considered complex?
What did the Trait theory fail to explain about leadership?
What did the Trait theory fail to explain about leadership?
What does behavioral theory of leadership focus on?
What does behavioral theory of leadership focus on?
When did the behavioral theory of leadership evolve?
When did the behavioral theory of leadership evolve?
What does the behavioral theory of leadership suggest about effective leadership?
What does the behavioral theory of leadership suggest about effective leadership?
What does contingency theory propose about the best way to structure an organization and lead a team?
What does contingency theory propose about the best way to structure an organization and lead a team?
What is the central idea of contingency theory regarding leadership style?
What is the central idea of contingency theory regarding leadership style?
According to contingency theory, what determines the best leadership style?
According to contingency theory, what determines the best leadership style?
What does the contingency theory emphasize in determining the style of leadership?
What does the contingency theory emphasize in determining the style of leadership?
What does effective leadership comprise, according to the theories of leadership mentioned?
What does effective leadership comprise, according to the theories of leadership mentioned?
When did the contingency theory of leadership evolve?
When did the contingency theory of leadership evolve?
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Study Notes
Historical Views and Theories of Leadership
- The Chinese Mandate of Heaven doctrine emphasized the need for just rulers and the right of subordinates to overthrow unjust emperors.
- Pro-aristocracy thinkers believed in leadership based on "blue blood" or genetics.
- Monarchy used divine sanction, such as the divine right of kings, to assert leadership over aristocrats.
- More democratically inclined theorists pointed to meritocratic leaders like the Napoleonic marshals.
- Autocratic/paternalistic thought harkened back to the leadership role of the Roman pater familias.
- Feminist thinking objected to patriarchal leadership models and advocated for emotionally attuned, consensual guidance.
- Confucianism emphasized the virtues of a benevolent male scholar-leader, including intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and discipline.
- Machiavelli's "The Prince" provided a manual for rulers to gain and keep power in the 16th century.
- Prior to the 19th century, traditional deference and obedience to lords, kings, and slave-masters was expected in society.
- Industrialization and opposition to the ancien regime led to the development of the idea of "leadership" in the 19th century.
- Anarchist thought in the 19th century questioned the concept of leadership, leading to the development of Leninism as a response.
- Christian and secular leadership doctrines have addressed contrasts, emphasizing stewardship and servant leadership.
Theories of Leadership
- The search for the traits of leaders has been ongoing for centuries, with early recognition of the importance of leadership and the assumption that it is rooted in individual characteristics.
- This idea, known as the "trait theory of leadership," was explored extensively in the 19th century by writers like Thomas Carlyle and Francis Galton.
- Qualitative reviews in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to a different view of the driving forces behind leadership, suggesting that people who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in others.
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