19 Questions
The outer most layer of the epidermis is the stratum ________
corneum
In the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, the next layer is the stratum ________
lucidum
Below the layers of dead skin cells is the stratum ________
granulosum
The bottom-most layer of the epidermis is the stratum ________, also known as the stratum germinativum.
basale
The stratum lucidum provides an additional thick layer of dead skin cells for protection on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, which is known as the stratum ________
lucidum
Epithelial cells begin to become keratinized in the stratum ________
spinosum
Keratinization makes the cells more durable and water-resistant, serving as a protective layer in the stratum ________
spinosum
The stratum ________ marks the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis
basale
Subcutaneous fat in the hypodermis insulates the body, while hair traps and retains warm air at the skin's surface, acting as a layer of ________
insulation
Hormones like epinephrine can increase the metabolic rate, thereby increasing heat production, while muscles can generate heat by contracting rapidly, a process known as ________
shivering
Heat loss can be inhibited through the constriction of blood vessels, moving blood away from the cooling atmosphere, a process called ________
vasoconstriction
In the epidermis, the outermost layer made up of dead skin cells that protect the layers of live skin cells beneath is the stratum ________
corneum
What is the main purpose of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?
Serving as a barrier to protect underlying skin layers
What is the function of the stratum spinosum in the epidermis?
Becoming keratinized to make cells more durable
Which layer of the epidermis marks the boundary between the epidermis and dermis?
Stratum basale
How does subcutaneous fat in the hypodermis contribute to body insulation?
By trapping warm air at the skin's surface
What role does keratinization play in the epidermis?
Making cells more durable and water-resistant
Which layer of the epidermis contains dead skin cells that protect underlying live skin cells?
Stratum corneum
How do hormones like epinephrine contribute to heat production in the body?
By increasing metabolic rate
Study Notes
- The epidermis, a layer of skin, is composed of several layers of cells.
- The outermost layer is the stratum corneum, made up of dead skin cells that protect the layers beneath.
- In the palms of hands and soles of feet, there is an additional layer called the stratum lucidum for extra protection.
- The stratum granulosum is the layer below the dead skin cells, where cells begin to become keratinized.
- The stratum spinosum is the next layer, where epithelial cells start to become keratinized and become more durable and water-resistant.
- The bottom-most layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, a thin layer of cells that marks the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis.
- Subcutaneous fat in the hypodermis insulates the body, and hair traps and retains warm air at the skin's surface.
- Hormones such as epinephrine can increase the metabolic rate and heat production in the body.
- Muscles can generate heat through rapid contraction (shivering).
- Blood vessels in the dermis can constrict to move blood away from the cooling atmosphere, inhibiting heat loss.
Learn about the different layers of the epidermis in human skin, from the outermost layer of dead skin cells to the deeper layers of live skin cells. Understand the functions and composition of each layer for skin protection and maintenance.
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