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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is the most internal of the flat muscles of the abdomen?
What is the orientation of the Obliquus internus abdominis muscle?
Which structure lies beneath the Transversus abdominis muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the Rectus abdominis muscle?
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Which fascia lies deep to Scarpa's Fascia?
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Which structure is located superior to the arcuate line in the anterior part of the abdominal wall?
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What directly meets the posterior aspect of the rectus abdominis muscles below the arcuate line?
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Which layer is missing in the posterior lamina (sheet) of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?
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Which abdominal muscle is part of the deep layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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Which layer serves as a membranous layer in the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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Which muscle is a long flat muscle that extends along the whole length of the front of the abdomen?
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Which layer of the abdominal wall is more prominent in the lower aspect of the abdomen, inferior to the umbilicus?
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What is the composition of the rectus sheath formed by?
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Where is Scarpa's Fascia located in relation to the rectus sheath?
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At what level does the Arcuate line reside in relation to the umbilicus and pubic symphysis?
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Study Notes
Abdominal Wall Layers
- The abdominal wall consists of 9-12 layers, depending on the location with respect to the arcuate line.
- The layers of the abdominal wall are:
- Skin
- Camper's fascia (fatty layer)
- Scarpa's fascia (membranous layer)
- External oblique muscle
- Internal oblique muscle
- Transversus abdominis muscle
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal peritoneum
Rectus Sheath
- The rectus sheath is a protective covering over the rectus abdominis muscle.
- It is composed of the aponeurosis of the three flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis) as they converge in the midline to form the median linea alba.
- The composition and arrangement of muscle layers differ depending on the location with respect to the arcuate line.
- Inferior to the arcuate line, the aponeuroses of all 3 lateral abdominal muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle.
- At this level, the internal aspect of the rectus abdominis muscle is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia.
Camper's Fascia and Scarpa's Fascia
- Camper's fascia is a thick superficial layer of adipose and areolar connective tissue that sits just deep to the skin of the abdomen.
- It is more prominent in the lower aspect of the abdomen (inferior to the umbilicus).
- Scarpa's fascia is a deep membranous layer that sits between Camper's fascia and the rectus sheath.
- It is anchored laterally to the aponeurosis of the external oblique and medially to the linea alba of the rectus sheath.
Abdominal Muscles
Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscles
- Obliquus externus abdominis (External abdominal oblique muscle):
- Origin: External surfaces of lower 8 ribs
- Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
- Function: Nerve supply from intercostal nerves (T7 to T12)
- Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal abdominal oblique muscle):
- Origin: Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
- Insertion: Linea alba, lower 3 ribs
- Function: Nerve supply from intercostal nerves (T6 to T12) & L1
- Transversus abdominis muscle:
- Origin: Not specified
- Insertion: Not specified
- Function: Not specified
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Description
Test your knowledge on the layers of the abdominal wall including Skin Camper’s Fascia, Scarpa’s Fascia, and Rectus Sheath. Understand the arrangement of anterior and posterior laminae, as well as structures like Transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and parietal peritoneum.
