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What happens to an obligation that depends on an impossible condition?
What happens to an obligation that depends on an impossible condition?
Which of the following is NOT a type of impossible condition?
Which of the following is NOT a type of impossible condition?
If a condition is negative, what is the effect of it being impossible?
If a condition is negative, what is the effect of it being impossible?
When does an obligation extinguish if it depends on the occurrence of a condition at a determinate time?
When does an obligation extinguish if it depends on the occurrence of a condition at a determinate time?
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In a divisible obligation, what happens to the part that is not affected by an impossible condition?
In a divisible obligation, what happens to the part that is not affected by an impossible condition?
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What is the significance of an obligation that is pre-existing in relation to an impossible condition?
What is the significance of an obligation that is pre-existing in relation to an impossible condition?
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In the scenario where A promises to pay B Php 10,000 if he kills C, what is the status of the obligation concerning an impossible condition?
In the scenario where A promises to pay B Php 10,000 if he kills C, what is the status of the obligation concerning an impossible condition?
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Under Article 1184, when does a conditional obligation cease to exist?
Under Article 1184, when does a conditional obligation cease to exist?
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What happens to the obligation if the thing is lost without the fault of the debtor?
What happens to the obligation if the thing is lost without the fault of the debtor?
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In the case where the debtor is at fault and the thing is lost, what is the debtor obliged to do?
In the case where the debtor is at fault and the thing is lost, what is the debtor obliged to do?
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Who bears the impairment if deterioration occurs without the fault of the debtor?
Who bears the impairment if deterioration occurs without the fault of the debtor?
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If a thing deteriorates through the fault of the debtor, what option does the creditor have?
If a thing deteriorates through the fault of the debtor, what option does the creditor have?
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What is considered physical loss in the context of obligations?
What is considered physical loss in the context of obligations?
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If an item is improved without the debtor's effort, who benefits from the improvement?
If an item is improved without the debtor's effort, who benefits from the improvement?
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Which of the following is NOT a requisite for the application of Article 1189?
Which of the following is NOT a requisite for the application of Article 1189?
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What does legal loss entail?
What does legal loss entail?
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What does Article 1200 state about the right of choice?
What does Article 1200 state about the right of choice?
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Which of the following prestations can a debtor not choose according to Article 1200?
Which of the following prestations can a debtor not choose according to Article 1200?
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What happens when the debtor loses the right of choice?
What happens when the debtor loses the right of choice?
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What condition permits the debtor to rescind the contract?
What condition permits the debtor to rescind the contract?
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When does the choice made by the debtor become effective?
When does the choice made by the debtor become effective?
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What is a consequence if a prestation is destroyed through the fault of the creditor?
What is a consequence if a prestation is destroyed through the fault of the creditor?
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Under what circumstances can a party demand the performance of the other party's obligations in a contract?
Under what circumstances can a party demand the performance of the other party's obligations in a contract?
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What must happen concerning the return of items in a rescission?
What must happen concerning the return of items in a rescission?
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What must occur for rescission to create the obligation of mutual restitution?
What must occur for rescission to create the obligation of mutual restitution?
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What is required for the debtor’s choice to be valid according to Article 1202?
What is required for the debtor’s choice to be valid according to Article 1202?
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How does the presence of a good faith third party affect the remedy of rescission?
How does the presence of a good faith third party affect the remedy of rescission?
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What is typically required for a breach of contract to be considered substantial?
What is typically required for a breach of contract to be considered substantial?
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What happens if the seller accepts delayed payments after the grace period in a contract?
What happens if the seller accepts delayed payments after the grace period in a contract?
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In a contract to sell, what is the effect of failing to pay the purchase price?
In a contract to sell, what is the effect of failing to pay the purchase price?
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What is implied if a party waives their right to rescind a contract?
What is implied if a party waives their right to rescind a contract?
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What determines whether a breach of contract is considered slight or substantial?
What determines whether a breach of contract is considered slight or substantial?
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What happens to the obligation to give once the suspensive condition is fulfilled?
What happens to the obligation to give once the suspensive condition is fulfilled?
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In the case of reciprocal obligations, what occurs regarding fruits and interests during the pendency of a condition?
In the case of reciprocal obligations, what occurs regarding fruits and interests during the pendency of a condition?
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What right does B have on the parcel of land once the condition is fulfilled?
What right does B have on the parcel of land once the condition is fulfilled?
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If S sold his restaurant business to C before the condition was fulfilled, what does this imply about B's entitlement?
If S sold his restaurant business to C before the condition was fulfilled, what does this imply about B's entitlement?
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When can the debtor appropriate fruits and interests received in a unilateral obligation?
When can the debtor appropriate fruits and interests received in a unilateral obligation?
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What determines the retroactive effect of an obligation to do or not to do?
What determines the retroactive effect of an obligation to do or not to do?
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What is required for B to have a binding claim against third persons like C regarding the parcel of land?
What is required for B to have a binding claim against third persons like C regarding the parcel of land?
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If B sells the land to D after the condition was fulfilled but before the retroactive effect was acknowledged, who has a better right?
If B sells the land to D after the condition was fulfilled but before the retroactive effect was acknowledged, who has a better right?
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Study Notes
Impossible Conditions
- Conditions contrary to good customs, public policy, or law will nullify the obligation depending on them.
- If the obligation is divisible, the unaffected part remains valid.
- A condition to not do an impossible thing is considered as not agreed upon.
Types of Impossible Conditions
- Physically Impossible Conditions: Impossible to perform due to physical constraints.
- Legally Impossible Conditions: Prohibited or against the law to perform.
Effect of Impossible Conditions
- Conditional Obligations Void: Both the obligation and the condition are void if the condition is impossible.
- Conditional Obligation Valid: The obligation is valid if the condition is negative (not to do an impossible thing).
- Only the Affected Obligation Void: If the obligation is divisible, the part unaffected by the impossible condition remains valid.
- Only the Condition Void: If the obligation pre-exists and doesn't depend on the impossible condition, only the condition is void.
Article 1184: Obligations with Determinate Time
- A condition that an event happens at a specific time extinguishes the obligation when:
- The time expires without the event occurring.
- It becomes certain the event won't occur, even before the specified time.
Effects of Fulfilled Conditions on Obligations to Give
- Effects retroact to the day the obligation was formed.
- Fruits and interests are mutually compensated in reciprocal obligations.
- In unilateral obligations, the debtor keeps fruits and interests unless otherwise specified.
Effects of Fulfilled Conditions on Obligations to Do and Not to Do
- No fixed rule, but courts determine the retroactive effect based on the parties' intent.
Article 1189: Loss, Deterioration, or Improvement of the Thing
- Applies to specific real obligations with a suspensive condition.
Rules for Loss, Deterioration, or Improvement
- Loss Without Debtor's Fault: Obligation extinguished.
- Loss Through Debtor's Fault: Debtor pays damages.
- Deterioration Without Debtor's Fault: Creditor bears the impairment.
- Deterioration Through Debtor's Fault: Creditor chooses between rescission or fulfillment with damages.
- Improvement by Nature or Time: Improvement benefits the creditor.
- Improvement at Debtor's Expense: Debtor has usufructuary rights.
Requisites for Applying Article 1189
- Real obligation with a specific thing.
- Suspensive condition.
- Condition fulfilled.
- Loss, deterioration, or improvement during condition pendency.
Kinds of Loss
- Physical Loss: Thing perishes.
- Legal Loss: Thing goes out of commerce.
- Civil Loss: Thing disappears, making its existence unknown.
Article 1191: Right to Rescind Reciprocal Obligations
- A party can demand performance only if they can fulfill their own obligation.
- Rescission creates mutual restitution.
- Rescission not available if the thing is held by a third party in good faith.
- Rescission is not granted for minor breaches, only substantial ones.
- Right to rescind can be waived expressly or impliedly.
Article 1200: Right of Choice in Alternative Obligations
- Choice belongs to the debtor unless granted to the creditor.
- Debtor cannot choose impossible, unlawful, or ineligible prestations.
- Debtor cannot combine parts of different prestations.
Article 1201: Communication of Choice
- Choice takes effect when communicated.
Article 1202: Loss of Right of Choice
- Debtor loses the right if only one prestation is practicable.
Article 1203: Creditor Prevents Choice
- Debtor can rescind the contract with damages if the creditor prevents a choice.
Rescission
- Mutual restitution of things and price with interest.
Rescission in Alternative Obligations
- Debtor may rescind if one prestation is destroyed through the creditor's fault.
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Description
This quiz explores the legal implications of impossible conditions in obligations. It covers the distinction between physically and legally impossible conditions and their effects on contractual obligations. Understand how impossibility can lead to void obligations and the validity of residual unaffected parts.