Law and Legal System of Pakistan

Study Notes

Course focused on practical application of laws in business and labor situations.
Comprises various modules addressing different legal frameworks relevant to businesses.

Covers key concepts: definition and significance of law, and jurisprudence.
Types of jurisprudence defined:
- Analytical jurisprudence
- Historical jurisprudence
- Ethical jurisprudence
Essential elements of law include definitions by jurists and classification of law.
Legal sources defined: legislation, precedents, customs, and agreements.

Law of contracts is crucial for individuals, businesses, and government entities.
Contracts are inherent to daily transactions such as purchases, loans, and services.
Understanding contract principles is fundamental for anyone engaged in transactions.

Foundation of insurance laws established.
Key aspects include:
- Concept and essentials of an insurance contract.
- Types of insurance: life, fire, and marine insurance.

Focuses on Industrial Relations Ordinance, 2002, which includes:
- Definitions crucial for understanding labor relations.
- Provisions on trade unions, worker participation, and dispute resolution.
- Overview of labor courts, including procedural powers, awards, and appeals.
Addresses compensations and rights of workers concerning:
- Workmen compensation laws.
- Health and safety standards in factories.
- Payment of wages and social security for employees.

Defined as rules regulating individual and organizational conduct in society.
Aims to maintain rights, justice, and public order, ensuring harmony within society.

Jurisprudence: the study of law and principles of justice, enforceable by courts.
Branches of jurisprudence:
- Analytical Jurisprudence: Focuses on existing legal principles and sources.
- Historical Jurisprudence: Explores the historical context and evolution of laws.
- Ethical Jurisprudence: Examines the moral implications and ethical foundations of laws.

The President of Pakistan can issue an ordinance when Parliament is not in session, which must be presented to Parliament within 120 days to remain valid.

Governs contracts throughout Pakistan since its enactment on September 1, 1872.
Contracts are vital to business transactions, creating legal rights and obligations.
Recognizes both formal and implied agreements based on conduct and trade usage.

Definition of a promise includes acceptance of proposals.
Communication is crucial for contract acceptance; formal writing may not affect the validity of acceptance.
Contracts can arise based on mercantile usage, emphasizing general observance in similar circumstances.