Latin American Revolutions and Industrialization

Latin American Revolutions

• Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, frustration with colonial control, and social inequality.
• Spain and Portugal ruled Latin American countries.
• Increased agriculture helped industrialization by boosting food and raw material production, freeing up labor for factories.
• Agricultural productivity changes shifted labor: fewer workers on farms, more in cities/factories.
• Transportation improvements reduced costs, expanding markets for factories, military, and migrants.
• Industrialization involved countries beyond England and the US, including Germany, France, and Japan.
• Industrialization progressed from textiles and coal to steel, chemicals, and electricity.
• Innovations like the spinning jenny and steam engine enabled large-scale production.
• Britain's industrialization was facilitated by coal, iron, stable politics, and colonial markets.
• Women's roles expanded in factories, domestic service, teaching, and nursing during industrialization.
• Women gained rights like voting and property rights.
• Abolitionist arguments stemmed from Enlightenment ideals, religious movements, and human rights concerns.
• Slavery was deemed inhumane and economically exploitative.
• Abolitionism affected enslaved people, slave owners, and economies reliant on slavery.
• Economic disruptions and labor shortages may have arisen from abolitionist reforms.
• The French Revolution focused on political upheaval; the Haitian Revolution was a slave revolt leading to independence.
• Industrialization worsened working conditions with poor conditions, long hours, and low pay.
• Industrialization created a larger working class and an industrial middle class.
• Labor movements, socialist ideas, and unions emerged to address poor working conditions.
• Factors contributing to global population growth from 1750-1900 included improved sanitation, food, and medicine.
• Latin American independence was spearheaded by Creoles like Bolivar, San Martin, Hidalgo, and O'Higgins.
• The first and second industrial revolutions differed in their focus: the first on textiles and steam, the second on steel, electricity, and mass production.
• Both French and North American revolutions shared similar goals of liberty, equality, and self-government.
• European dominance in the world economy during the 19th and 20th centuries was supported by industrialization, technology, colonies, and global trade.