Late-Onset Pompe Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

ما هو العلاج الذي يستخدم الأنزيم المستبدل المستخرج من خلايا المبيضات لعلاج Pompe المتأخر؟

  • العلاج الطبيعي
  • العلاج بالأدوية (correct)
  • العلاج بالأشعة
  • العلاج بالأكسجين الزائد
  • ما هو الهدف الرئيسي للعلاج الطبيعي لمرضى Pompe المتأخر؟

  • تقليل المخاطر القلبية
  • تحسين وظائف الكبد
  • تحسين وظائف الرئتين
  • تقوية وظائف العضلات (correct)
  • ما هو تشخيص مرض Pompe المتأخر قد يظهر في تحليل نسيج نقبة العضلات؟

  • انخفاض في نشاط المالتاز الحامضي
  • زيادة نسبة حامض مالتاز في الدم
  • انخفاض في نشاط الهكسوز الحامضي الكلي في البلازما
  • تراكمات جليكوجين متزايدة (correct)
  • ما هو التشخيص الذي يؤكد بشكل جزئي تشخيص Pompe المتأخر؟

    <p>التحليل الوراثي</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هي وظيفة دراسات MRI في التشخيص للمصابين بمرض Pompe المتأخر؟

    <p>كشف عن تراكمات دهنية في العضلات</p> Signup and view all the answers

    .ما هو التحليل الذي يظهر انخفاض في نشاط مالتاز الحامض في حالة مرضى Pompe المتأخر؟

    <p>.قياس مستوى هورمونات الغدة الدرقية</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هو السبب الرئيسي لمرض بومبي الذي يحدث في وقت متأخر؟

    <p>نقص إنتاج أو نشاط جين GAA الذي يشفر إنزيم الألفا جلوكوزيداز الحمضي</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هي المظاهر السريرية التي يظهر بها المرضى المصابون بمرض بومبي في وقت متأخر عادة؟

    <p>صعوبة التنفس والبلع مع مرور الوقت</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هو تأثير نقص إنزيم الألفا جلوكوزيداز على خلايا العضلات؟

    <p>تراكم كميات كبيرة من سكر الغليكوجين داخل الخلايا العضلية</p> Signup and view all the answers

    متى يبدأ ظهور أعراض مرض بومبي في حالات الإصابة في وقت لاحق بالمقارنة مع حالات الإصابة في سن مبكر؟

    <p>في سن متأخرة من الحياة</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ما هو آثار تأثير قصور إنزيم GAA على عضلات التنفس؟

    <p>انخفاض سعة رئة المصاب</p> Signup and view all the answers

    كيف يؤثر تطور أعراض مرض بومبي في حالات الإصابة في وقت لاحق؟

    <p>تتطور ببطء أكبر</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Late-Onset Pompe Disease Overview

    Late-onset Pompe disease is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. This enzyme helps break down glycogen into glucose, which the body can use for energy. When this breakdown process does not work correctly due to the lack of adequate enzymes, it leads to the buildup of large amounts of complex sugars called glycogen within cells, particularly muscle cells.

    Enzyme Deficiency

    The primary cause of late-onset Pompe disease is the reduced production or activity of the GAA gene, which encodes the acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Mutations in the GAA gene result in varying levels of enzyme deficiency, leading to different phenotypes among individuals with Pompe disease.

    Clinical Presentation

    Clinically, patients with late-onset Pompe disease typically present with progressive skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy beginning after infancy. They may experience difficulties in walking, climbing stairs, lifting objects, breathing, swallowing, and speaking over time. Respiratory muscles are often affected, causing fatigue during exercise. In contrast to infantile-onset Pompe disease, the onset of symptoms in late-onset cases occurs later in life and progresses more slowly.

    Treatment Strategies

    Treatments for late-onset Pompe disease focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life through various therapeutic interventions such as medications, physical therapy, assistive devices, and respiratory support:

    1. Enzyme Replacement Therapy: ERT uses recombinant human acid alphaglucosidase (rhGAA) extracted from cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells to replace the missing or insufficient natural enzyme. It has been shown to improve muscle strength and reduce cardiovascular complications in some patients.

    2. Physical Therapy: Patients receive specific exercises and stretching routines aimed at maintaining and strengthening their remaining muscle function. This includes general conditioning, flexibility training, and activities designed to promote endurance.

    3. Assistive Devices: Aids such as orthotic footwear, mobility scooters, and wheelchairs help patients maintain independence and mobility. Some individuals may also benefit from speech therapy if they have difficulty communicating effectively.

    4. Respiratory Support: Due to compromised lung function, patients may require supplemental oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation to manage sleep apnea-like events and hypoventilation.

    Diagnostic Approaches

    Diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease involves a combination of medical history evaluation, clinical examination, blood tests, imaging studies, and genetic testing:

    1. Blood Tests: Low serum total hexose monophosphatase activity indicates enzymatic deficiency. Muscle biopsy tissue analysis shows increased glycogen storage and decreased acid maltase activity.

    2. Imaging Studies: MRI scan of limb muscles may show fatty degeneration with fibrosis in advanced stages. Electromyography (EMG) can reveal signs of myopathy.

    3. Genetic Testing: Confirmatory molecular genetic testing identifies mutations in the GAA gene responsible for the deficient enzyme production. Identifying known pathogenic variants allows early diagnosis, even before symptom development, facilitating timely intervention.

    Genetic Causes

    Mutations in the GAA gene account for most cases of late-onset Pompe disease. More than 90% of these mutations occur de novo in children and adults who develop Pompe disease later in life. Rare instances involve autosomal recessive inheritance, where both parents carry a copy of the mutated allele.

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    Description

    Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for late-onset Pompe disease, a rare metabolic disorder. Understand the role of enzyme replacement therapy, physical therapy, assistive devices, and respiratory support in managing this condition.

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