Laser Safety and Contraindications Quiz

Avoid treatment in patients with photosensitivity, those on Accutane, or suspicious lesions.
Group of patients at risk includes individuals with a current tan, darker Fitzpatrick skin types for certain devices, and those with HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, lupus, or history of keloids.
Recent or ongoing exfoliating treatments and hirsutism also contraindicate laser procedures.

Eye lenses can magnify laser energy dramatically, by up to 100,000 times.
Ablative lasers remove part or entire epidermis, necessitating careful skin evaluation.
Skin cooling methods include cryogen spray, forced air cooling, or chilled tips to protect surrounding tissues.
Ensure lasers are not applied under the eyebrow area to avoid potential harm.
A thorough medical evaluation, including Fitzpatrick skin type assessment, is crucial before proceeding with laser treatments.

Photothermal: Involves photothermolysis where energy absorption by chromophores generates heat to target tissues, effective for destroying unwanted cells.
Photomechanical/Photoacoustic: Utilizes extremely short pulse durations to induce explosions in target materials, particularly effective for tattoo ink removal.
Photomodulation: Engages low-level light energy to enhance cellular metabolism, often used in LED therapy for skin rejuvenation.
Photorejuvenation: A nonablative procedure enhancing collagen and elastin production while improving vascular and pigmented skin lesions.
Photodynamic Therapy: A combination therapy utilizing light with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for treating actinic keratosis, acne, and promoting facial rejuvenation.

Alexandrite (755nm): Targets melanin in hair and pigmentation.
Nd:YAG (1064nm) and Diode (810nm): Both target blood, effective for vascular lesions.
CO2 (10,600nm): Targets water, primarily used for cutting and vaporizing tissues.

Hemoglobin/Oxyhemoglobin: Found in blood, useful for treating veins and telangiectasia.
Melanin/Pigment: Excess pigmentation can lead to conditions like freckles and sun damage.
Water: Stored in intercellular fluid, significant in skin hydration and overall health.

Phototoxic Reactions: Occur when ALA is combined with light therapy, which may cause adverse tissue reactions in the skin.

Contraindications include heart conditions, pacemakers, pregnancy, and diabetes.
Offers gentle hydration and exfoliation, particularly beneficial prior to surgical procedures.
Utilizes sound waves to induce changes in the skin.
Three-step treatment process:
- Cavitation: Cleansing step that causes water molecule implosion.
- Sonophoresis: Enhances serum and moisturizer penetration.
- Microcurrent: Aims to restore skin homeostasis.

Contraindications involve rosacea, various skin infections, open lesions, dermatitis, active acne, and recent Accutane use. Treatment shouldn't commence post-laser resurfacing without physician approval.
Utilizes machines with either crystal or diamond tips; most systems combine spray and vacuum functionality.
Crystal options include:
- Aluminum oxide (corundum)
- Salt
- Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
Treatment's aggressiveness varies based on crystal strength, handpiece speed, and number of passes; excessive aggression can cause pinpoint bleeding.
Settings and outcomes should be monitored, ensuring treatments stop prior to erythema appearance.
Machines may claim to extract up to 25% of the stratum corneum during service.

Contraindications cover retinoid use, herpes simplex, open lesions, pregnancy, various skin conditions (eczema, rosacea, etc.), infections, and extremely sensitive skin.
Salons typically employ acid concentrations between 15-30%; medical peels contain higher percentages and lower pH levels.
Estheticians should avoid peels containing phenol.
Common chemical exfoliant ingredients include AHA and BHA.
Salicylic acid is contraindicated for pregnant clients due to potential systemic absorption.
Jessner solutions comprise:
- Salicylic acid
- Lactic acid
- Resorcinol
- Ethanol base
Acetone may be utilized as a degreaser prior to applying a Jessner solution.