Larynx's Vegetative Function Quiz

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What is the primary function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

To protect the airway (correct)
To expel irritants from the throat
To produce sound for speech
To facilitate breathing

What is the physiological process involved in coughing?

Constriction of the vocal folds, shallow exhalation, larynx depression, and low subglottal pressure
Abduction of the vocal folds, shallow inhalation, vocal fold adduction, larynx elevation, and low subglottal pressure
Tensing of the vocal folds, shallow inhalation, vocal fold abduction, larynx depression, and low subglottal pressure
Abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, vocal fold adduction, larynx elevation, and high subglottal pressure (correct)

What is the purpose of throat clearing?

To increase subglottic pressure
To facilitate phonation
To clear the respiratory passage from mucus (correct)
To relax the laryngeal muscles

What is the function of abdominal fixation?

To stabilize the trunk during activities like childbirth and vomiting (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do we tend to grunt when carrying heavy objects or pushing something heavy?

It is similar to the requirements for abdominal fixation during physical exertion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological effect of the Bernoulli Effect on phonation?

Increase in airflow rate and decrease in air pressure, supporting vocal fold vibration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the posterior glottal gap during physical exertion?

Greater than 8mm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction required to sustain phonation?

Subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the protective function of the larynx during coughing and its advantages and disadvantages.

Coughing is a violent reflexive action that involves the first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, tensing and adducting the vocal folds, elevation of the larynx, and high subglottal pressure. It is a safety mechanism to expel irritants, but the force required for its production can lead to chronic irritation and vocal abuse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of throat clearing and its impact on the laryngeal muscles?

Throat clearing is useful to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, but it is very stressful and requires increased subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds, leading to tightness of the laryngeal muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of abdominal fixation and its requirements.

Abdominal fixation involves holding air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk, which is important in childbirth, vomiting, and defecation. It requires the first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, and tight adduction of the vocal folds to create a rigid frame in the thorax. Signup and view all the answers

Why do we tend to grunt when carrying heavy objects or pushing something heavy?

We tend to grunt during physical exertion because it requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lungs, similar to the requirements for abdominal fixation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bernoulli Effect and how is it applied to phonation?

The Bernoulli Effect is a physical principle that occurs when air is forced to move through a constriction, leading to an increase in the rate of airflow and a decrease in air pressure on the walls. It is applied to phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction to sustain phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

Lateral cricoarytenoids (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of attack does expiration occur before the onset of vocal fold adduction?

Breathy vocal attack (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attack is the most efficient form of phonation?

Simultaneous vocal attack (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does adduction of the vocal folds occur in a glottal attack?

Prior to the airflow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination of phonation requires?

Abducting the vocal folds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for the termination of phonation?

Posterior cricoarytenoids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes problems when the attacks are misused?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscular action required for termination of phonation?

Abductor muscles (posterior cricoarytenoid) (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is sustained phonation achieved?

By maintaining laryngeal posture through sustained contraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

Playing an important role in sustained phonation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates vocal fold vibration during sustained phonation?

Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are necessary for the vibration of the vocal folds to continue?

The folds are approximated (not totally touching) and there is enough subglottal pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

During phonation, what action leads to vocal fold approximation and subsequent vibration?

Attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in achieving sustained and maximum phonation?

Maintenance of laryngeal posture through sustained contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction required to produce both voiced and voiceless sounds during running speech?

Rapid attack and termination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack involves expiration and vocal fold adduction occurring simultaneously?

Simultaneous vocal attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attack is characterized by significant airflow beginning before vocal fold adduction?

Breathy vocal attack (A) Signup and view all the answers

When does expiration occur in a glottal attack?

After adduction of the vocal folds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

Lateral cricoarytenoids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What muscle action is required for adduction of vocal folds?

Adductors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination of phonation?

Requiring abduction of the vocal folds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What problems may occur when attacks are misused?

Misuse of simultaneous vocal attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required to end phonation?

Muscular action (abductor→ posterior cricoarytenoid) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for sustained phonation?

Muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the vibration of the vocal folds?

Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor for vocal fold vibration?

Approximation of the folds and enough subglottal pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is required to reduce turbulence and stop vibration?

Placing and holding the vocal folds in the air stream (A) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 3 basic types of Attack mentioned in the text.

The 3 basic types of Attack are: <ol> <li>Simultaneous vocal attack: /z/</li> <li>Breathy vocal attack: /ta/</li> <li>Glottal attack: Cough→produce /a/</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

Play an important role in sustained phonation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interaction required for vocal fold vibration?

Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

The main movement for adduction of vocal folds is lateral cricoarytenoids, facilitated by oblique and transverse arytenoids. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during termination of phonation?

The termination of phonation requires abducting the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

What causes vocal folds to begin vibrating?

Turbulence increases as the folds approximate and there is enough subglottal pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes a breathy voice in the context of vocal attack?

A breathy vocal attack occurs when expiration occurs before the onset of vocal fold adduction, causing significant airflow to begin before adducting the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

When does expiration occur in a glottal attack?

Expiration occurs after adduction of the vocal folds in a glottal attack. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the conditions necessary for sustained phonation of the vocal folds.

Sustained phonation requires the vocal folds to be approximated (not totally touching) and there must be enough subglottal pressure to support the vibration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

The muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) plays an important role in sustained phonation by contributing to vocal fold vibration due to aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

How is termination of phonation achieved and what muscular action is required?

Termination of phonation requires muscular action, specifically abductor action by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles to pull the vocal folds out of the airstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for sustained phonation after the vocal folds are positioned for phonation?

Sustained phonation after the vocal folds are positioned for phonation requires maintenance of laryngeal posture through sustained contraction (tensing) without the need for muscle action. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates vocal fold vibration during sustained phonation?

The vibration of the vocal folds during sustained phonation is achieved by placing and holding the vocal folds in the airstream in a manner that permits their physical properties to interact with the airflow, causing vibration. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the three phases of the cycle of vibration of the vocal folds.

The three phases of the cycle of vibration are opening, closing, and closed. Signup and view all the answers

What is vocal register, and how many modes of vocal registers are there?

Vocal register refers to the differences in the mode of vibration of the vocal folds. There are three modes of vocal registers: modal register, glottal fry (pulse register), and falsetto. Signup and view all the answers

What is modal register (modal phonation) and its significance?

Modal register is the pattern of phonation used in daily conversation. It is the most important mode for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and is the most efficient. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the vertical mode of vibration in the modal register.

In the vertical mode of vibration, the vocal folds open from inferior to superior, and air bubbles through the adducted folds. Signup and view all the answers

What causes the phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior in the vocal folds?

The phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior is a result of the mass and elasticity of the vocal folds. The tissue continues to vibrate after the energy has been removed. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic types of vocal attack mentioned in the text?

The three basic types of vocal attack mentioned in the text are glottal attack, breathy attack, and hard/glottal attack. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of throat clearing and its impact on the laryngeal muscles?

Throat clearing helps to clear the airway and remove irritants. However, frequent throat clearing can impact the laryngeal muscles and vocal folds, leading to potential vocal issues. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the vegetative function of the larynx and its role in the respiratory system pathway, protective mechanism of the airway, and activities that require abdominal pressure.

The larynx has vegetative function as part of the respiratory system pathway and protective mechanism of the airway. It also helps fix thoracic structures for activities that require abdominal pressure, such as bowel movement, lifting weight, and childbirth. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the nonspeech laryngeal functions such as coughing, throat clearing, and abdominal fixation.

Nonspeech laryngeal functions include protective function of the airway, coughing, which is a reflexive action requiring abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, tensing and adducting the vocal folds, elevation of the larynx, and high subglottal pressure; throat clearing to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, which is stressful and requires high subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds; and abdominal fixation, which holds air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk during activities like childbirth, vomiting, and defecation. Signup and view all the answers

What requirements are necessary for abdominal fixation, and how does it affect the thorax during activities like weight lifting and childbirth?

Abdominal fixation requires first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, and tight adduction of the vocal folds. As a result, the thorax acts as a rigid frame, with the rib cage being depressed and forces being transferred to the legs during weight lifting or pelvic area during childbirth. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the physical exertion and its reflexive-involuntary laryngeal function for speech.

Physical exertion requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lung. During physical exertion, the width of the posterior glottal gap is more than 8mm, supporting phonation through the Bernoulli Effect. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Bernoulli Effect and its application to phonation and tissue elasticity to sustain phonation.

The Bernoulli Effect occurs when air is forced to move through a constriction, leading to an increase in the rate of airflow and a decrease in air pressure exerted by the molecules on the walls. This phenomenon supports vocal fold vibration and phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the physical principle of the Bernoulli Effect and its role in understanding vocal fold vibration.

The Bernoulli Effect is a physical principle where air forced to move through a constriction results in increased airflow rate and decreased air pressure. This phenomenon helps us understand the vocal folds' vibration and its role in phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Bernoulli Effect in supporting phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction?

The Bernoulli Effect plays a significant role in supporting phonation by facilitating vocal fold vibration through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction, thereby sustaining phonation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of the Bernoulli Effect in supporting phonation and its importance in understanding vocal fold vibration.

The Bernoulli Effect supports phonation by facilitating vocal fold vibration through increased airflow rate and decreased air pressure. It is important in understanding the physical principle behind vocal fold vibration and sustaining phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main vocal registers and their characteristics?

The three main vocal registers are modal register, glottal fry, falsetto, and whistle register. Modal register is the regular vocal register used in normal speech. Glottal fry is a low-pitched, rough, and crackly voice, while falsetto is a thin and high-pitched voice. Whistle register occurs at very high frequencies, producing a whistle-like sound. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of modal register?

Modal register is the regular vocal register used in normal speech. It has a primary frequency of vibration (vocal fundamental frequency F0) and produces harmonics, carrying important acoustical information to identify voiced phonemes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of glottal fry?

Glottal fry, also known as the pulse register, is a low-pitched, rough, and crackly voice. It occurs in low frequencies ranging from 30 to 80 or 90 Hz and requires low subglottal pressure to sustain it (2 cmH2O). The tension of the vocal folds is significantly reduced relative to modal vibration, and the vibrating margins of the vocal folds are short, thick, and flaccid. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of falsetto?

Falsetto is a thin and high-pitched vocal production with a frequency range of 300-600 Hz. It occurs at the highest register of phonation and has a vibrating pattern that varies from the modal vibration. When set into vibration, the true vocal folds become thinner and vibrate along their tensed and bowed margins. The vibrating segment of the vocal folds is decreased, and the posterior portion is inhibited. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of whistle register?

Whistle register occurs at very high frequencies (around 2500 Hz) and often produces a whistle-like sound. It is not a mode of vibration but a product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum driving pressure in modal phonation and for how long should it be sustained?

The minimum driving pressure in modal phonation is 3-5 cmH2O, and it should be sustained for 5 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What causes the perception of a 'popcorn-like' voice in glottal fry, and when is this perception lost?

The 'popcorn-like' perception of the voice in glottal fry is caused by the short, thick, and flaccid vibrating margins of the vocal folds. This perception is lost if one of the vocalis tenses or if the subglottal pressure increases. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the anterior-posterior mode of vibration in the vocal folds during modal phonation?

The vertical phase differences are more consistent in modal vibration, and the anterior-posterior mode is less stereotypical. The vocal folds open from posterior to anterior and close from anterior to posterior at the end of the cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic types of phonation mentioned in the text?

The three basic types of phonation mentioned in the text are modal phonation, glottal fry, and falsetto. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum driving pressure in modal phonation?

The minimum driving pressure in modal phonation is 3-5 cmH2O, and it should be sustained for 5 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the glottal fry register?

The glottal fry register is characterized by a low pitch, rough and crackly sound, and it is also known as the 'I'm sick' voice. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of falsetto?

Falsetto is characterized by a thin and high-pitched vocal production with a frequency range of 300-600 Hz. It occurs when the true vocal folds become thinner and vibrate along their tensed and bowed margins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the whistle register and how is it produced?

The whistle register occurs at very high frequencies (around 2500 Hz) and it sounds like a whistle. It is not a mode of vibration but a product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two variations of modal phonation mentioned in the text?

The two variations of modal phonation mentioned in the text are pressed phonation and breathy phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of the glottal fry register?

The glottal fry register is characterized by low frequencies ranging from 30 to 80 or 90 Hz, requires low subglottal pressure to sustain (2 cmH2O), and the tension of the vocal folds is significantly reduced relative to modal vibration. Signup and view all the answers

What are the important acoustical information carried by harmonics in phonation?

Harmonics in phonation carry important acoustical information to identify voiced phonemes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary frequency of vibration known as?

Vocal fundamental frequency (F0) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which register is characterized by low pitch and a rough, crackly voice?

Glottal Fry (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds, occurring at very high frequency?

Whistle Register (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum driving pressure in modal phonation that should be sustained for 5 seconds?

5 cmH2O (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which register do the vocal folds vibrate along their tensed and bowed margins, making contact only briefly during the cycle?

Falsetto (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of frequency for glottal fry?

30-80 Hz (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which register is characterized by the vibrating margins of the vocal folds being short, thick, and flaccid, with the lateral margins tensed and strong medial compression?

Glottal Fry (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which register is known for having a thin and high-pitched vocal production, with a frequency range of 300-600 Hz?

Falsetto (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which register is characterized by the vibrating segment of the vocal folds being decreased, with the posterior portion inhibited during vibration?

Falsetto (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the second mode of vibration in the vocal folds, occurring in the anterior-posterior dimension?

Modal Register (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phases of the cycle of vibration of the vocal folds?

Opening, closing, closed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of vibration is the most important for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and is the most efficient?

Modal register (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of vibration where the vocal folds open from inferior to superior, with air bubbling through the adducted folds?

Vertical mode of vibration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior during the cycle of vibration of the vocal folds?

Mass and elasticity of the vocal folds (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many modes of vocal registers can be differentiated perceptually?

3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of phonation used in daily conversation?

Modal register (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of phonation involves the vocal folds vibrating with a vertical mode of vibration?

Modal register (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior a result of?

Mass and elasticity of the vocal folds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of vibration involves the vocal folds opening from inferior to superior with air bubbling through the adducted folds?

Vertical mode of vibration (A) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the function of throat clearing and its impact on laryngeal muscles.

Throat clearing is useful to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, but it is very stressful and requires increased subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the vegetative functions of the larynx?

The larynx has vegetative functions including being part of the respiratory system pathway, serving as a protective mechanism of the airway, and assisting in activities that require abdominal pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coughing and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

Coughing serves as a protective function of the airway, expelling irritants. Its advantages include being a safety mechanism, while its disadvantage is that the force required for its production can lead to chronic irritation and vocal abuse. Signup and view all the answers

How many modes of vocal registers can be differentiated perceptually?

3 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is abdominal fixation and what activities require it?

Abdominal fixation involves holding air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk and is important in activities such as childbirth, vomiting, and defecation. Signup and view all the answers

Why do we tend to grunt when carrying heavy objects or pushing something heavy?

Grunt production is related to abdominal fixation, as it requires similar requirements to phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical principle supporting phonation and how is it applied?

The Bernoulli Effect is the physical principle supporting phonation, where forced air movement through a constriction increases the rate of airflow and decreases air pressure. This phenomenon helps understand vocal fold vibration and is applied to sustain phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for physical exertion and how does it affect the larynx?

Physical exertion requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lung. During physical exertion, the width of the posterior glottal gap is greater than 8mm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the larynx in involuntary bodily functions and protective mechanisms?

The larynx plays a role in involuntary bodily functions by serving as part of the respiratory system pathway, a protective mechanism of the airway, and helping to fix thoracic structures for activities that require abdominal pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate pitch for children according to the text?

300 Hz (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the perceptual correlate of the most efficient frequency of the vocal folds according to their mass and elastic elements?

Optimal pitch (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of fundamental frequency for an individual called?

Pitch range (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does habitual pitch reflect?

Most frequently used frequency during speech (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the mean F0 tend to do with each decade of life?

Increase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate pitch for women according to the text?

212 Hz (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can be estimated from a speech sample, such as the production of a sustained vowel?

Habitual pitch (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the optimal pitch vary as a function of, according to the text?

Gender and age (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pressed phonation compared to modal phonation?

Increased medial compression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause for preventing vocal fold approximation in breathy phonation?

Vocal nodules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of whispering in terms of laryngeal adjustments?

Vocal fold adduction and tension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cycle percentage of the closed phase in pressed phonation?

30% opening, 37% closing, 33% closed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of frequency on pitch?

As frequency increases, pitch increases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that can cause breathy phonation to become abusive?

Hyperfunction to overcome breathy quality (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of breathy phonation in terms of vocal fold approximation?

Inadequate vocal fold approximation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the characteristics of pressed phonation and how it differs from modal phonation.

Pressed phonation is characterized by increased medial compression, increased harsh quality of voice, and stronger, louder phonation compared to modal phonation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of breathy phonation and what can cause it to become abusive?

Breathy phonation is characterized by inadequately approximated vocal folds, excessive air flow, and inefficient use of air. It can become abusive when the speaker tries to overcome the breathy quality of their voice by hyperfunction. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the laryngeal adjustments involved in whispering and the potential consequences of whispering.

Whispering involves partially adducted and tensed vocal folds to develop turbulence of the airstream. It can cause vocal fatigue and is not a phonatory mode. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cycle of vibration in modal phonation, and how does it compare to the cycle in pressed phonation?

In modal phonation, the cycle consists of 50% opening, 37% closing, and 13% closed. In pressed phonation, the cycle consists of 33% opening, 37% closing, and 30% closed. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between frequency and pitch, and how the vocal folds contribute to pitch production.

Frequency refers to the number of vibration cycles per second, and as frequency increases, pitch increases. The vocal folds, composed of masses and elastic elements, promote oscillation at a particular frequency, thereby contributing to pitch production. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of optimal pitch and how it varies based on gender and age.

Optimal pitch refers to the most appropriate frequency for an individual, and it varies as a function of gender and age. For children, the optimal pitch is around 300 Hz, for women it is around 212 Hz, and for men it is around 132 Hz. Signup and view all the answers

What is habitual pitch and how can it be estimated?

Habitual pitch is the most frequently used frequency during speech, and it can be estimated from a speech sample, such as the production of sustained vowel or average fundamental frequency reflecting the frequency of sustained phonation or conversational speech. Signup and view all the answers

Define pitch range and its significance.

Pitch range refers to the range of fundamental frequency for an individual, which is the difference between the highest and lowest frequency. It is significant as it reflects the vocal flexibility and capability of an individual. Signup and view all the answers

How does the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds change when the mass and elastic elements remain the same?

When the mass and elastic elements remain the same, the vocal folds tend to vibrate at the same frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of speaking with a frequency that is beyond the expected range for age, size, or gender?

Speaking with a frequency that is beyond the expected range for age, size, or gender can affect phonatory efficiency and effort, and may cause vocal fatigue if the vocal folds are pushed into extremes. Signup and view all the answers

What is optimal pitch and how does it vary according to gender and age?

Optimal pitch is the most efficient frequency of the vocal folds according to their mass and elastic elements. It varies as a function of gender and age, with optimal pitch for children around 300 Hz, for women around 212 Hz, and for men around 132 Hz. Signup and view all the answers

What is habitual pitch and how is it estimated?

Habitual pitch is the most frequently used frequency during speech. It can be estimated from a speech sample, such as the production of sustained vowel, and reflects the habitual pitch over a longer averaging period during conversational speech or reading a passage. Signup and view all the answers

What does pitch range refer to?

Pitch range refers to the range of fundamental frequency for an individual, which is the difference between the highest and lowest frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean F0 tendency with respect to age?

The mean F0 tends to increase with each decade of life. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if vocal folds are pushed into extremes in terms of frequency?

If vocal folds are pushed into extremes, it might cause vocal fatigue and affect phonatory efficiency and effort. Signup and view all the answers

Larynx's Vegetative Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

What is the physiological process involved in coughing?

What is the purpose of throat clearing?

What is the function of abdominal fixation?

Why do we tend to grunt when carrying heavy objects or pushing something heavy?

What is the physiological effect of the Bernoulli Effect on phonation?

What is the width of the posterior glottal gap during physical exertion?

What is the primary interaction required to sustain phonation?

Explain the protective function of the larynx during coughing and its advantages and disadvantages.

What is the purpose of throat clearing and its impact on the laryngeal muscles?

Explain the concept of abdominal fixation and its requirements.

Why do we tend to grunt when carrying heavy objects or pushing something heavy?

What is the Bernoulli Effect and how is it applied to phonation?

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

In which type of attack does expiration occur before the onset of vocal fold adduction?

Which type of attack is the most efficient form of phonation?

When does adduction of the vocal folds occur in a glottal attack?

What is the termination of phonation requires?

Which muscles are responsible for the termination of phonation?

What causes problems when the attacks are misused?

What is the primary muscular action required for termination of phonation?

How is sustained phonation achieved?

What is the primary role of the muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

What initiates vocal fold vibration during sustained phonation?

What conditions are necessary for the vibration of the vocal folds to continue?

During phonation, what action leads to vocal fold approximation and subsequent vibration?

What is the key factor in achieving sustained and maximum phonation?

What is the primary interaction required to produce both voiced and voiceless sounds during running speech?

What type of attack involves expiration and vocal fold adduction occurring simultaneously?

Which type of attack is characterized by significant airflow beginning before vocal fold adduction?

When does expiration occur in a glottal attack?

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

What muscle action is required for adduction of vocal folds?

What is the termination of phonation?

What problems may occur when attacks are misused?

What is required to end phonation?

What is required for sustained phonation?

What causes the vibration of the vocal folds?

What is the primary factor for vocal fold vibration?

What is required to reduce turbulence and stop vibration?

Explain the 3 basic types of Attack mentioned in the text.

What is the role of muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

What is the primary interaction required for vocal fold vibration?

What is the main movement for adduction of vocal folds?

What occurs during termination of phonation?

What causes vocal folds to begin vibrating?

What causes a breathy voice in the context of vocal attack?

When does expiration occur in a glottal attack?

Explain the conditions necessary for sustained phonation of the vocal folds.

What is the primary role of the muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) in sustained phonation?

How is termination of phonation achieved and what muscular action is required?

What is the main requirement for sustained phonation after the vocal folds are positioned for phonation?

What initiates vocal fold vibration during sustained phonation?

Explain the three phases of the cycle of vibration of the vocal folds.

What is vocal register, and how many modes of vocal registers are there?

What is modal register (modal phonation) and its significance?

Describe the vertical mode of vibration in the modal register.

What causes the phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior in the vocal folds?

What are the three basic types of vocal attack mentioned in the text?

What is the purpose of throat clearing and its impact on the laryngeal muscles?

Explain the vegetative function of the larynx and its role in the respiratory system pathway, protective mechanism of the airway, and activities that require abdominal pressure.

Describe the nonspeech laryngeal functions such as coughing, throat clearing, and abdominal fixation.

What requirements are necessary for abdominal fixation, and how does it affect the thorax during activities like weight lifting and childbirth?

Explain the physical exertion and its reflexive-involuntary laryngeal function for speech.

Describe the Bernoulli Effect and its application to phonation and tissue elasticity to sustain phonation.

Explain the physical principle of the Bernoulli Effect and its role in understanding vocal fold vibration.

What is the significance of the Bernoulli Effect in supporting phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction?

Explain the role of the Bernoulli Effect in supporting phonation and its importance in understanding vocal fold vibration.

What are the three main vocal registers and their characteristics?

What are the characteristics of modal register?

What are the characteristics of glottal fry?

What are the characteristics of falsetto?

What are the characteristics of whistle register?

What is the minimum driving pressure in modal phonation and for how long should it be sustained?

What causes the perception of a 'popcorn-like' voice in glottal fry, and when is this perception lost?

What are the characteristics of the anterior-posterior mode of vibration in the vocal folds during modal phonation?