Larynx's Vegetative Function Quiz

<p>To stabilize the trunk during activities like childbirth and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is similar to the requirements for abdominal fixation during physical exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in airflow rate and decrease in air pressure, supporting vocal fold vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater than 8mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing is a violent reflexive action that involves the first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, tensing and adducting the vocal folds, elevation of the larynx, and high subglottal pressure. It is a safety mechanism to expel irritants, but the force required for its production can lead to chronic irritation and vocal abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throat clearing is useful to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, but it is very stressful and requires increased subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds, leading to tightness of the laryngeal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal fixation involves holding air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk, which is important in childbirth, vomiting, and defecation. It requires the first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, and tight adduction of the vocal folds to create a rigid frame in the thorax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We tend to grunt during physical exertion because it requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lungs, similar to the requirements for abdominal fixation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect is a physical principle that occurs when air is forced to move through a constriction, leading to an increase in the rate of airflow and a decrease in air pressure on the walls. It is applied to phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction to sustain phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral cricoarytenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathy vocal attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneous vocal attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prior to the airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abducting the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior cricoarytenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abductor muscles (posterior cricoarytenoid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By maintaining laryngeal posture through sustained contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Playing an important role in sustained phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The folds are approximated (not totally touching) and there is enough subglottal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of laryngeal posture through sustained contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid attack and termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneous vocal attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathy vocal attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After adduction of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral cricoarytenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requiring abduction of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misuse of simultaneous vocal attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscular action (abductor→ posterior cricoarytenoid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximation of the folds and enough subglottal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placing and holding the vocal folds in the air stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 3 basic types of Attack are:</p> <ol> <li>Simultaneous vocal attack: /z/</li> <li>Breathy vocal attack: /ta/</li> <li>Glottal attack: Cough→produce /a/</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Play an important role in sustained phonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main movement for adduction of vocal folds is lateral cricoarytenoids, facilitated by oblique and transverse arytenoids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The termination of phonation requires abducting the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turbulence increases as the folds approximate and there is enough subglottal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A breathy vocal attack occurs when expiration occurs before the onset of vocal fold adduction, causing significant airflow to begin before adducting the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expiration occurs after adduction of the vocal folds in a glottal attack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sustained phonation requires the vocal folds to be approximated (not totally touching) and there must be enough subglottal pressure to support the vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscle spindle (thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis) plays an important role in sustained phonation by contributing to vocal fold vibration due to aerodynamic interaction with the elastic characteristics of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Termination of phonation requires muscular action, specifically abductor action by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles to pull the vocal folds out of the airstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sustained phonation after the vocal folds are positioned for phonation requires maintenance of laryngeal posture through sustained contraction (tensing) without the need for muscle action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vibration of the vocal folds during sustained phonation is achieved by placing and holding the vocal folds in the airstream in a manner that permits their physical properties to interact with the airflow, causing vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three phases of the cycle of vibration are opening, closing, and closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal register refers to the differences in the mode of vibration of the vocal folds. There are three modes of vocal registers: modal register, glottal fry (pulse register), and falsetto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal register is the pattern of phonation used in daily conversation. It is the most important mode for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and is the most efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the vertical mode of vibration, the vocal folds open from inferior to superior, and air bubbles through the adducted folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phase difference in the mucosal wave from inferior to superior is a result of the mass and elasticity of the vocal folds. The tissue continues to vibrate after the energy has been removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three basic types of vocal attack mentioned in the text are glottal attack, breathy attack, and hard/glottal attack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throat clearing helps to clear the airway and remove irritants. However, frequent throat clearing can impact the laryngeal muscles and vocal folds, leading to potential vocal issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx has vegetative function as part of the respiratory system pathway and protective mechanism of the airway. It also helps fix thoracic structures for activities that require abdominal pressure, such as bowel movement, lifting weight, and childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonspeech laryngeal functions include protective function of the airway, coughing, which is a reflexive action requiring abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, tensing and adducting the vocal folds, elevation of the larynx, and high subglottal pressure; throat clearing to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, which is stressful and requires high subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds; and abdominal fixation, which holds air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk during activities like childbirth, vomiting, and defecation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal fixation requires first abduction of the vocal folds, deep inhalation, and tight adduction of the vocal folds. As a result, the thorax acts as a rigid frame, with the rib cage being depressed and forces being transferred to the legs during weight lifting or pelvic area during childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical exertion requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lung. During physical exertion, the width of the posterior glottal gap is more than 8mm, supporting phonation through the Bernoulli Effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect occurs when air is forced to move through a constriction, leading to an increase in the rate of airflow and a decrease in air pressure exerted by the molecules on the walls. This phenomenon supports vocal fold vibration and phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect is a physical principle where air forced to move through a constriction results in increased airflow rate and decreased air pressure. This phenomenon helps us understand the vocal folds' vibration and its role in phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect plays a significant role in supporting phonation by facilitating vocal fold vibration through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction, thereby sustaining phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect supports phonation by facilitating vocal fold vibration through increased airflow rate and decreased air pressure. It is important in understanding the physical principle behind vocal fold vibration and sustaining phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main vocal registers are modal register, glottal fry, falsetto, and whistle register. Modal register is the regular vocal register used in normal speech. Glottal fry is a low-pitched, rough, and crackly voice, while falsetto is a thin and high-pitched voice. Whistle register occurs at very high frequencies, producing a whistle-like sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal register is the regular vocal register used in normal speech. It has a primary frequency of vibration (vocal fundamental frequency F0) and produces harmonics, carrying important acoustical information to identify voiced phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glottal fry, also known as the pulse register, is a low-pitched, rough, and crackly voice. It occurs in low frequencies ranging from 30 to 80 or 90 Hz and requires low subglottal pressure to sustain it (2 cmH2O). The tension of the vocal folds is significantly reduced relative to modal vibration, and the vibrating margins of the vocal folds are short, thick, and flaccid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsetto is a thin and high-pitched vocal production with a frequency range of 300-600 Hz. It occurs at the highest register of phonation and has a vibrating pattern that varies from the modal vibration. When set into vibration, the true vocal folds become thinner and vibrate along their tensed and bowed margins. The vibrating segment of the vocal folds is decreased, and the posterior portion is inhibited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whistle register occurs at very high frequencies (around 2500 Hz) and often produces a whistle-like sound. It is not a mode of vibration but a product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum driving pressure in modal phonation is 3-5 cmH2O, and it should be sustained for 5 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'popcorn-like' perception of the voice in glottal fry is caused by the short, thick, and flaccid vibrating margins of the vocal folds. This perception is lost if one of the vocalis tenses or if the subglottal pressure increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vertical phase differences are more consistent in modal vibration, and the anterior-posterior mode is less stereotypical. The vocal folds open from posterior to anterior and close from anterior to posterior at the end of the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three basic types of phonation mentioned in the text are modal phonation, glottal fry, and falsetto.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum driving pressure in modal phonation is 3-5 cmH2O, and it should be sustained for 5 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glottal fry register is characterized by a low pitch, rough and crackly sound, and it is also known as the 'I'm sick' voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsetto is characterized by a thin and high-pitched vocal production with a frequency range of 300-600 Hz. It occurs when the true vocal folds become thinner and vibrate along their tensed and bowed margins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The whistle register occurs at very high frequencies (around 2500 Hz) and it sounds like a whistle. It is not a mode of vibration but a product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two variations of modal phonation mentioned in the text are pressed phonation and breathy phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glottal fry register is characterized by low frequencies ranging from 30 to 80 or 90 Hz, requires low subglottal pressure to sustain (2 cmH2O), and the tension of the vocal folds is significantly reduced relative to modal vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmonics in phonation carry important acoustical information to identify voiced phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal fundamental frequency (F0)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glottal Fry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whistle Register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 cmH2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsetto</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-80 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glottal Fry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsetto</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falsetto</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal Register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opening, closing, closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical mode of vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass and elasticity of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modal register</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass and elasticity of the vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertical mode of vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throat clearing is useful to clear the respiratory passage from mucus, but it is very stressful and requires increased subglottic pressure and adduction of the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx has vegetative functions including being part of the respiratory system pathway, serving as a protective mechanism of the airway, and assisting in activities that require abdominal pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing serves as a protective function of the airway, expelling irritants. Its advantages include being a safety mechanism, while its disadvantage is that the force required for its production can lead to chronic irritation and vocal abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal fixation involves holding air in the thorax to stabilize the trunk and is important in activities such as childbirth, vomiting, and defecation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grunt production is related to abdominal fixation, as it requires similar requirements to phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bernoulli Effect is the physical principle supporting phonation, where forced air movement through a constriction increases the rate of airflow and decreases air pressure. This phenomenon helps understand vocal fold vibration and is applied to sustain phonation through the interaction of subglottal pressure, tissue elasticity, and constriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical exertion requires abduction of the vocal folds to dilate the larynx and enhance air movement into the lung. During physical exertion, the width of the posterior glottal gap is greater than 8mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx plays a role in involuntary bodily functions by serving as part of the respiratory system pathway, a protective mechanism of the airway, and helping to fix thoracic structures for activities that require abdominal pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>300 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimal pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitch range</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most frequently used frequency during speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>212 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitual pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender and age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased medial compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal fold adduction and tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% opening, 37% closing, 33% closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As frequency increases, pitch increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperfunction to overcome breathy quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate vocal fold approximation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressed phonation is characterized by increased medial compression, increased harsh quality of voice, and stronger, louder phonation compared to modal phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathy phonation is characterized by inadequately approximated vocal folds, excessive air flow, and inefficient use of air. It can become abusive when the speaker tries to overcome the breathy quality of their voice by hyperfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whispering involves partially adducted and tensed vocal folds to develop turbulence of the airstream. It can cause vocal fatigue and is not a phonatory mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In modal phonation, the cycle consists of 50% opening, 37% closing, and 13% closed. In pressed phonation, the cycle consists of 33% opening, 37% closing, and 30% closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency refers to the number of vibration cycles per second, and as frequency increases, pitch increases. The vocal folds, composed of masses and elastic elements, promote oscillation at a particular frequency, thereby contributing to pitch production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimal pitch refers to the most appropriate frequency for an individual, and it varies as a function of gender and age. For children, the optimal pitch is around 300 Hz, for women it is around 212 Hz, and for men it is around 132 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitual pitch is the most frequently used frequency during speech, and it can be estimated from a speech sample, such as the production of sustained vowel or average fundamental frequency reflecting the frequency of sustained phonation or conversational speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitch range refers to the range of fundamental frequency for an individual, which is the difference between the highest and lowest frequency. It is significant as it reflects the vocal flexibility and capability of an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the mass and elastic elements remain the same, the vocal folds tend to vibrate at the same frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking with a frequency that is beyond the expected range for age, size, or gender can affect phonatory efficiency and effort, and may cause vocal fatigue if the vocal folds are pushed into extremes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimal pitch is the most efficient frequency of the vocal folds according to their mass and elastic elements. It varies as a function of gender and age, with optimal pitch for children around 300 Hz, for women around 212 Hz, and for men around 132 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitual pitch is the most frequently used frequency during speech. It can be estimated from a speech sample, such as the production of sustained vowel, and reflects the habitual pitch over a longer averaging period during conversational speech or reading a passage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pitch range refers to the range of fundamental frequency for an individual, which is the difference between the highest and lowest frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mean F0 tends to increase with each decade of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If vocal folds are pushed into extremes, it might cause vocal fatigue and affect phonatory efficiency and effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers