Larynx Anatomy and Function

The larynx provides phonation and protects the airway during swallowing.

The larynx moves upward and downward to facilitate swallowing.

The laryngeal angle increases in males after puberty, resulting in a larger Adam's apple and lower voice pitch.

<p>Common conditions include laryngitis and laryngeal incompetence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx is located at the level of C3 to C6 vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laryngoscopy allows for direct examination of the larynx to diagnose various conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below the larynx, it continues as the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathological enlargements can compress the trachea, leading to dyspnoea, cough, and a husky voice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tracheostomy is a reversible emergency procedure done in cases of laryngeal obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage made of hyaline cartilage, consisting of two laminae that meet at the thyroid angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90 degrees in males and 120 degrees in females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and lies below the thyroid cartilage at the level of C6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sternothyroid muscle, thyrohyoid muscle, and inferior constrictor muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epiglottis prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroepiglottic ligament, pairs of vestibular ligaments, and pairs of vocal ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cartilages are connected by membranes and ligaments and moved by muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoid cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage and is unique because it completely encircles the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lower end of the epiglottis is connected to the back of the thyroid cartilage by the thyroepiglottic ligament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arytenoid cartilage is located at the back of the larynx and is pyramidal in shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corniculate and cuneiform cartilages rest above the apex of the arytenoid cartilage and assist in the function of the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoid cartilage has a circular facet on each side for articulation with the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The aryepiglottic folds connect the sides of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two processes are the vocal process, which attaches to the vocal ligament, and the muscular process, which is for muscle attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior surface of the epiglottis is connected to the tongue by medial and lateral glossoepiglotic folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vallecula is the depression on each side of the median fold of the epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The joints between the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages are synovial type joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thyroepiglottic ligament connects the lower end of the epiglottis to the posterior surface of the thyroid angle, aiding in the stabilization of the epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It projects laterally and provides attachment to the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hyoepiglottic ligament connects the posterior aspects of the hyoid bone with the anterior surface of the upper end of the epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vestibular folds, which project medially, serve to protect the airway and assist in phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corniculate cartilages are two small nodules that articulate with the apex of the arytenoid cartilage, located in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic fold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rima glottidis is the gap between the vocal folds that is essential for voice production and airway regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid, cricoid, and basal arytenoid cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage, while the apices of arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are made of elastic cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The laryngeal cavity consists of the vestibule (upper part), ventricle (middle part), and infraglottic compartment (lower part).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricothyroid joint is a plane synovial joint that permits rotatory and gliding movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laryngeal muscles are categorized into extrinsic muscles, which include elevators and depressors of the larynx, and intrinsic muscles that control vocal cord tension and position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arytenocorniculate joint has no functional significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thyrohyoid membrane extends from the upper border of the thyroid cartilage to the posterior surface of the hyoid bone and is thickened at the midline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricotracheal ligament connects the cricoid cartilage with the first tracheal ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thyrohyoid membrane and the quadrangular membrane provide support to laryngeal structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane to provide sensory innervation and blood supply to the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cricoarytenoid joint allows for rotatory and gliding movements, enabling abduction and adduction of the vocal cords.</p> Signup and view all the answers