1.2 Extrapulmonary Airways

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What is the significance of Larson’s maneuver?

It measures nasal epithelium thickness

It examines the boundaries of the fauces

It evaluates the function of the upper esophageal sphincter

It stimulates opening of the larynx (correct)

Which structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

Upper esophageal sphincter

Nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

Laryngeal inlet (correct)

What are the boundaries of the fauces?

Trachea and nasal epithelium

Laryngeal inlet and upper esophageal sphincter

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Pharynx and oral cavity (correct)

What is the function of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

It provides immunological defense Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomy of the upper esophageal sphincter?

A muscular ring with no cartilaginous support Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the oral cavity extends from the inside of the teeth to the palatoglossal arch?

Oral cavity proper Signup and view all the answers

What muscle constitutes the bulk of the tongue mass and is responsible for protruding the tongue?

Genioglossus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (oral)?

CN VII Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle tenses and opens the nasopharynx and when relaxed allows the soft palate to occlude the airway?

Tensor Veli Palatini Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the tongue?

Lingual artery from the external carotid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle or structure is responsible for lowering to close the isthmus of fauces for air to pass through the nose or to maintain substance in the oral cavity?

Soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What nerve provides motor innervation to all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus?

CN XII (hypoglossal) Signup and view all the answers

What neural pathway is responsible for transmitting pain, touch, and temperature sensations from the anterior part of the tongue?

Lingual branch of CN V Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for connecting the soft palate to the palatine bone?

Aponeurosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uvular muscles?

Control airflow during speech production Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oropharynx?

Swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?

Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

Piriform fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the majority of pharyngeal muscles?

CN X Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Mallampati score in airway assessment?

Evaluate visibility of oral structures for airway management Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage corresponds to the junction of the larynx and trachea?

Cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which bone provides a moveable base for the tongue and attachment site for neck muscles?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

"Waldeyer’s tonsilar ring" is composed of lymphoid tissue forming an incomplete tonsillar ring around which part of the pharynx?

"Oropharynx" Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx lies posterior to the nasal cavity and includes pharyngotympanic tubes and adenoids?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the oropharynx is bounded by superiorly by the soft palate, inferiorly by root of tongue, and laterally by pillars of fauces?

Fauces Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Resonate sounds of speech and produce mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT part of the nasal cavity vascular supply?

Maxillary artery Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial lining is found in the olfactory region of the internal nose?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for secreting mucus onto the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the nasal cavities to the nasopharynx?

Internal naris Signup and view all the answers

Which area in the nasal cavity is a common site of chronic epistaxis (nosebleeds)?

"Kiesselbach's area" Signup and view all the answers

"Anosmia" refers to which condition?

"Lack of smell" Signup and view all the answers

"Pterygopalatine ganglion" is also known as what?

"Sphenopalatine ganglion" Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extrapulmonary airways?

Conduct air to clean, warm, and moisten it Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint mobility?

To align axes for laryngoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the thyromental distance in airway assessment?

Correlates to the submandibular space for tongue displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed in the mandibular protrusion test?

Mobility of the temporomandibular joint Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Palatine bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cribriform plate in relation to olfactory nerves?

Transmits olfactory nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed by measuring inter-incisor gap?

Mouth opening for laryngoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles move the larynx as a unit and elevate the hyoid bone?

Suprahyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the sole abductor of the vocal folds?

Posterior cricoarytenoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cricothyroid muscle?

Elongates vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper vocal cords and above?

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) Signup and view all the answers

What structure corresponds to the fauces?

Palatine tonsils Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the lateral walls of the epiglottis?

Aryepiglottic folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the large membrane that extends upward from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

Thyrohyoid membrane Signup and view all the answers

What structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

Laryngeal inlet Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oropharynx?

Food passage Signup and view all the answers

During direct laryngoscopy, what is the Cormack-Lehane Score used to assess?

Visibility of the glottic opening Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage forms the largest cartilage of the larynx and has a 'V' shaped opening projecting posteriorly?

Thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricotracheal ligament in the larynx?

Connects laryngocartilages to trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is false of the vestibular folds in the laryngeal cavity?

They lack submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What forms the narrowest part of the adult upper airway?

Vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Where does the infraglottic/subglottic cavity lie in the laryngeal cavity?

Between the vocal folds and inferior border of cricoid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

Aryepiglottic folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of extrinsic ligaments in the larynx?

Attach laryngocartilages to hyoid bone or trachea Signup and view all the answers

1.2 Extrapulmonary Airways

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of Larson’s maneuver?

Which structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

What are the boundaries of the fauces?

What is the function of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

What is the anatomy of the upper esophageal sphincter?

Which part of the oral cavity extends from the inside of the teeth to the palatoglossal arch?

What muscle constitutes the bulk of the tongue mass and is responsible for protruding the tongue?

Which nerve transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (oral)?

Which muscle tenses and opens the nasopharynx and when relaxed allows the soft palate to occlude the airway?

Which artery supplies blood to the tongue?

Which muscle or structure is responsible for lowering to close the isthmus of fauces for air to pass through the nose or to maintain substance in the oral cavity?

What nerve provides motor innervation to all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus?

What neural pathway is responsible for transmitting pain, touch, and temperature sensations from the anterior part of the tongue?

Which structure is responsible for connecting the soft palate to the palatine bone?

What is the function of the uvular muscles?

What is the main function of oropharynx?

What is the function of the external circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?

Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

What is the innervation of the majority of pharyngeal muscles?

What is the role of the Mallampati score in airway assessment?

Which cartilage corresponds to the junction of the larynx and trachea?

Which bone provides a moveable base for the tongue and attachment site for neck muscles?

What forms the anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet?

"Waldeyer’s tonsilar ring" is composed of lymphoid tissue forming an incomplete tonsillar ring around which part of the pharynx?

Which part of the pharynx lies posterior to the nasal cavity and includes pharyngotympanic tubes and adenoids?

Which part of the oropharynx is bounded by superiorly by the soft palate, inferiorly by root of tongue, and laterally by pillars of fauces?

Which bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Which artery is NOT part of the nasal cavity vascular supply?

What type of epithelial lining is found in the olfactory region of the internal nose?

Which cell type is responsible for secreting mucus onto the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium?

Which structure connects the nasal cavities to the nasopharynx?

Which area in the nasal cavity is a common site of chronic epistaxis (nosebleeds)?

"Anosmia" refers to which condition?

"Pterygopalatine ganglion" is also known as what?

What is the function of the extrapulmonary airways?

What is the purpose of the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint mobility?

What is the significance of the thyromental distance in airway assessment?

What is assessed in the mandibular protrusion test?

Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?

What is the purpose of cribriform plate in relation to olfactory nerves?

What is assessed by measuring inter-incisor gap?

Which group of muscles move the larynx as a unit and elevate the hyoid bone?

Which muscle is the sole abductor of the vocal folds?

What is the main function of the cricothyroid muscle?

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper vocal cords and above?

What structure corresponds to the fauces?

Which structure forms the lateral walls of the epiglottis?

What is the large membrane that extends upward from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

What structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

What is the main function of oropharynx?

During direct laryngoscopy, what is the Cormack-Lehane Score used to assess?

Which cartilage forms the largest cartilage of the larynx and has a 'V' shaped opening projecting posteriorly?

What is the function of the cricotracheal ligament in the larynx?

What is false of the vestibular folds in the laryngeal cavity?

What forms the narrowest part of the adult upper airway?

Where does the infraglottic/subglottic cavity lie in the laryngeal cavity?

Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

What is the function of extrinsic ligaments in the larynx?

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