1.2 Extrapulmonary Airways
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of Larson’s maneuver?

  • It measures nasal epithelium thickness
  • It examines the boundaries of the fauces
  • It evaluates the function of the upper esophageal sphincter
  • It stimulates opening of the larynx (correct)

    • Which structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

  • Upper esophageal sphincter
  • Nasal cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Laryngeal inlet (correct)

    • What are the boundaries of the fauces?

  • Trachea and nasal epithelium
  • Laryngeal inlet and upper esophageal sphincter
  • Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx and oral cavity (correct)

    • What is the function of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

    <p>It provides immunological defense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomy of the upper esophageal sphincter?

    <p>A muscular ring with no cartilaginous support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the oral cavity extends from the inside of the teeth to the palatoglossal arch?

    <p>Oral cavity proper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle constitutes the bulk of the tongue mass and is responsible for protruding the tongue?

    <p>Genioglossus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (oral)?

    <p>CN VII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle tenses and opens the nasopharynx and when relaxed allows the soft palate to occlude the airway?

    <p>Tensor Veli Palatini (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the tongue?

    <p>Lingual artery from the external carotid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle or structure is responsible for lowering to close the isthmus of fauces for air to pass through the nose or to maintain substance in the oral cavity?

    <p>Soft palate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve provides motor innervation to all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus?

    <p>CN XII (hypoglossal) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neural pathway is responsible for transmitting pain, touch, and temperature sensations from the anterior part of the tongue?

    <p>Lingual branch of CN V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for connecting the soft palate to the palatine bone?

    <p>Aponeurosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uvular muscles?

    <p>Control airflow during speech production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oropharynx?

    <p>Swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?

    <p>Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Piriform fossa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the majority of pharyngeal muscles?

    <p>CN X (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Mallampati score in airway assessment?

    <p>Evaluate visibility of oral structures for airway management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage corresponds to the junction of the larynx and trachea?

    <p>Cricoid cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone provides a moveable base for the tongue and attachment site for neck muscles?

    <p>Hyoid bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the anterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet?

    <p>Epiglottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Waldeyer’s tonsilar ring" is composed of lymphoid tissue forming an incomplete tonsillar ring around which part of the pharynx?

    <p>&quot;Oropharynx&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx lies posterior to the nasal cavity and includes pharyngotympanic tubes and adenoids?

    <p>Nasopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the oropharynx is bounded by superiorly by the soft palate, inferiorly by root of tongue, and laterally by pillars of fauces?

    <p>Fauces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?

    <p>Perpendicular plate of ethmoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Resonate sounds of speech and produce mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is NOT part of the nasal cavity vascular supply?

    <p>Maxillary artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial lining is found in the olfactory region of the internal nose?

    <p>Olfactory epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for secreting mucus onto the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium?

    <p>Goblet cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the nasal cavities to the nasopharynx?

    <p>Internal naris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in the nasal cavity is a common site of chronic epistaxis (nosebleeds)?

    <p>&quot;Kiesselbach's area&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Anosmia" refers to which condition?

    <p>&quot;Lack of smell&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Pterygopalatine ganglion" is also known as what?

    <p>&quot;Sphenopalatine ganglion&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extrapulmonary airways?

    <p>Conduct air to clean, warm, and moisten it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint mobility?

    <p>To align axes for laryngoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the thyromental distance in airway assessment?

    <p>Correlates to the submandibular space for tongue displacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assessed in the mandibular protrusion test?

    <p>Mobility of the temporomandibular joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?

    <p>Palatine bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cribriform plate in relation to olfactory nerves?

    <p>Transmits olfactory nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assessed by measuring inter-incisor gap?

    <p>Mouth opening for laryngoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of muscles move the larynx as a unit and elevate the hyoid bone?

    <p>Suprahyoid muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is the sole abductor of the vocal folds?

    <p>Posterior cricoarytenoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cricothyroid muscle?

    <p>Elongates vocal cords (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper vocal cords and above?

    <p>Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure corresponds to the fauces?

    <p>Palatine tonsils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the lateral walls of the epiglottis?

    <p>Aryepiglottic folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the large membrane that extends upward from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

    <p>Thyrohyoid membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is visible during direct laryngoscopy?

    <p>Laryngeal inlet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oropharynx?

    <p>Food passage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During direct laryngoscopy, what is the Cormack-Lehane Score used to assess?

    <p>Visibility of the glottic opening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage forms the largest cartilage of the larynx and has a 'V' shaped opening projecting posteriorly?

    <p>Thyroid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cricotracheal ligament in the larynx?

    <p>Connects laryngocartilages to trachea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is false of the vestibular folds in the laryngeal cavity?

    <p>They lack submucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the narrowest part of the adult upper airway?

    <p>Vocal cords (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the infraglottic/subglottic cavity lie in the laryngeal cavity?

    <p>Between the vocal folds and inferior border of cricoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms a recess on either side of the larynx in the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Aryepiglottic folds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of extrinsic ligaments in the larynx?

    <p>Attach laryngocartilages to hyoid bone or trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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