Speech Science: Lecture 9

False (B)

approximately 120 Hz

<p>length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cis males = ≈ 120 Hz Cis females = ≈ 220 Hz Children = ≈ 300 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing vocal fold tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>anatomy/physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cricothyroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glottal fry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glottal period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphonia = Deviant in quality, pitch, and/or loudness Breathy voice = Poor approximation of vocal folds generating noise Rough/hoarse voice = Aperiodic vocal fold vibration Glottal fry = Sound produced at the lowest possible pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airflow increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vocal fold elasticity and the Bernoulli principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>myoelastic-aerodynamic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3–6 cm H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity of vocal folds = Myoelastic: adducting Bernoulli principle = Aerodynamic: adducting Subglottal pressure = Aerodynamic: abducting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>up to 50 cm H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting the respiratory tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glottal tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid Cartilage = Largest laryngeal cartilage, hyaline Hyoid Bone = Supportive structure for tongue root Vocal Folds = Vibrating elements producing sound Subglottal Pressure = Pressure that influences vocal fold function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mucosal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-12 dB/8ve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sternohyoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior 2/3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroarytenoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ventricular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton thread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial layer = Elastic gelatinous mass Intermediate layer = Like soft rubber bands Deep layer = Like cotton thread Thyroarytenoid muscle = Like stiff rubber bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area above the true vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aditus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is made of muscle tissue and the vocal ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior Cricoarytenoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects the chin to the hyoid bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral Cricoarytenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroarytenoid = Relaxer Cricothyroid = Glottal tensor Lateral Cricoarytenoid = Adductor Posterior Cricoarytenoid = Abductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal fold shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force with which vocal folds are brought together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral Cricoarytenoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bundle of muscle tissue (thyroarytenoid) and vocal ligament, important for sound production in the larynx.

Variable opening between vocal folds. Its size changes for different sounds.

The medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle, closely tied to the vocal ligament.

Anterior 2/3 of the vocal fold, attached to the thyroid cartilage.

Posterior 1/3 of the vocal fold, connected to the arytenoid cartilage.

A flap-like structure in front of the larynx, closing over the glottis during swallowing.

Folds on the sides of the larynx.

Cartilages situated at the back of the larynx, positioned behind the aryepiglottic folds.

Area above the true vocal folds.

Area below the true vocal folds.

The larynx is the primary organ for producing voiced sounds; vocal folds vibrate to create the sound.

The larynx is also part of the respiratory system, protecting the lower airways from foreign objects like food and drink.

The spectrum of sound generated when the vocal folds vibrate, featuring harmonics at multiples of fundamental frequency (F0).

The air pressure below the vocal folds that drives their vibration.

The wave-like motion of the vocal fold tissue during phonation.

A U-shaped bone that supports the tongue root and is the primary attachment point for many laryngeal muscles.

The largest laryngeal cartilage; supports the vocal folds.

Bringing the vocal folds together.

Separating the vocal folds.

Protecting the lungs and controlling airflow.

When air speeds up through a narrower opening (glottis), it reduces pressure, which helps pull the vocal folds together. This creates a suction force.

The most accepted theory of how vocal folds vibrate. It emphasizes the role of the muscles (myo) in controlling the folds' elasticity and the airflow's role in creating pressure changes (aerodynamic).

The minimum pressure needed to initiate vocal fold vibration and produce sound. This is the pressure difference between the air below the vocal folds (subglottal) and above (supraglottal).

Two key factors: (1) the elasticity of the vocal folds themselves, and (2) the Bernoulli principle, which causes a suction effect as air flows through the glottis.

As air flows through the narrowed glottis, it speeds up, causing a decrease in pressure. This suction force pulls vocal folds together, creating a vibration.

This theory explains how the physical properties of the vocal folds, controlled by muscles, and the pressure of air create the vibration necessary for sound production.

A thin sheet of muscle forming the floor of the mouth.

A muscle that connects the chin (genial tubercle) to the hyoid bone.

A flat muscle in the anterior neck, running from the sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle and sternum meet) to the hyoid bone.

A long, narrow muscle with two parts (bellies): one starting from the scapula and the other ending at the hyoid bone.

1. Abductor (opens the glottis), 2. Adductor (closes the glottis), 3. Tensor (elongates and tightens vocal folds), and 4. Relaxer (shortens vocal folds).

1. Medial compression force (how tightly the vocal folds are pressed together), and 2. Longitudinal tension (how much the vocal folds are stretched).

The primary muscle mass of the vocal folds, running from the anterior commissure (front of the larynx) to the arytenoids (posterior part).

Located on the posterior surface of the larynx, this muscle is the only abductor; it opens the glottis.

Fibers of this muscle course upwards and backwards, acting as an adductor, closing the glottis.

Runs from one arytenoid cartilage to the other, bringing them together (closing the glottis).

A simplified model of vocal fold vibration focusing on a single mass moving back and forth from the midline.

A more complex model of vocal fold vibration that accounts for the vertical phase difference or mucosal wave.

During vocal fold vibration, the posterior portion of the vocal folds typically opens before the anterior portion, creating a longitudinal phase difference.

The different timing of movement between the upper and lower edges of the vocal folds, leading to a wave-like motion.

The difference in fundamental frequency (F0) between the highest and lowest notes an individual can produce.

The most suitable pitch level for an individual based on their anatomy and physiology.

As pitch increases, the vocal folds become longer to create a higher frequency vibration.

As pitch increases, the cross-sectional area of the vocal folds decreases, resulting in a higher frequency vibration.

The process of increasing vocal fold tension, primarily by the cricothyroid muscle to produce higher pitches.

Categories of voice production with distinct qualities and pitch ranges, determined by how the vocal folds vibrate.

The normal, midrange speaking voice, with balanced vocal fold vibration.

The highest register, characterized by a thin, airy sound, with vocal folds vibrating only at the edges.

The lowest register, producing a creaky, popping sound with very slow vocal fold vibration.