Module 2_Unit 2 (Part 2)
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Questions and Answers

What does the abnormal result of the BSP dye test indicate?

  • Normal biliary obstruction
  • Decrease in lipids synthesis
  • Defective hepatic blood flow (correct)
  • Normal liver function
  • Which substances may be assessed through prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time in patients with cirrhosis?

  • Lipids & lipoproteins
  • Some coagulation factors (correct)
  • Albumin
  • Serum total protein
  • What is indicated by an increased concentration of serum bilirubin and bile acids in circulation?

  • Improvement in liver excretory function
  • Normal liver function
  • Impaired metabolic liver function (correct)
  • Enhanced liver metabolism
  • Which of the following substances is NOT metabolized in the liver?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Indocyanine Green clearance test?

    <p>Determination of rate of exogenous substance clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may decreased levels of lipids & lipoproteins in cirrhosis patients indicate?

    <p>Decreased synthesis of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used for the measurement of rate of exogenous substance clearance for substances like aminopyrine, lidocaine, and caffeine?

    <p>Rose Bengal dye determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication when there is a decrease in serum total protein and albumin in cirrhosis patients?

    <p>Impaired production due to decreased synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is specifically mentioned to be high in hepatocytes and can leak into plasma in cases of liver injury?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the determination of serum cholesterol levels?

    <p>Esterification of cholesterol in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test measures the rate of excretion following ingestion/intravenous injection of galactose?

    <p>Galactose tolerance test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is associated with altered lipoprotein metabolism in patients with liver obstructive disease?

    <p>Lipoprotein X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is critical in determining the cellular location and patterns of enzyme change in various types of liver disease?

    <p>Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metabolism test can be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of liver damage?

    <p>Carbohydrate metabolism tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drug metabolism, what is measured to determine the rate of metabolism?

    <p><em>Aminopyrine</em> labelled with radioactive carbon in breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of jaundice in Gilbert Syndrome?

    <p>Increased excretion of bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of LD (LD 4 and 5)?

    <p>4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of jaundice in adolescence or early adulthood?

    <p>Gilbert Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with elevated levels of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?

    <p>Acute hepatic injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bilirubin is typically elevated in Gilbert Syndrome?

    <p>Unconjugated bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of liver disease is Anti-mitochondrial antibody commonly associated with?

    <p>Primary biliary cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insertion of an extra TA sequence in the UGT1A1 promoter in Gilbert Syndrome?

    <p>Decrease in expression of UGT1A1 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main diagnostic importance of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing?

    <p>Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature that helps distinguish Gilbert Syndrome from chronic hepatitis?

    <p>Presence of bilirubin in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender has a higher incidence of Anti-mitochondrial antibody-related liver disease?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in laboratory testing to measure bilirubin levels in Gilbert Syndrome?

    <p>Measurement in a fasting state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of liver condition involves destruction of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts?

    <p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are individuals with Gilbert Syndrome predisposed to acetaminophen toxicity?

    <p>Reduced expression of UGT1A1 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which liver disease is characterized by fibrosis of bile canaliculi, collagen production, and necrosis?

    <p>Primary biliary cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia seen in Gilbert Syndrome?

    <p>Normal function of UGT1A1 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme has the longest half-life among the options provided?

    <p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of jaundice in newborn babies as discussed in the text?

    <p>Deficiency in glucuronyl transferase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are premature infants more susceptible to jaundice related to unconjugated bilirubin?

    <p>They are born without the glucuronyl transferase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exposure to pregnanediol and NEFA in breastmilk contribute to jaundice in newborns?

    <p>They compete for binding sites of albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high levels of unconjugated bilirubin build-up in newborns?

    <p>Kernicterus and cell damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ultraviolet radiation used as a treatment for jaundice in newborns?

    <p>To convert bilirubin into a more water-soluble form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does beta-glucuronidase in meconium contribute to jaundice development in newborns?

    <p>It hydrolyzes bilirubin conjugates to unconjugated bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does aspirin ingestion play in increasing the risk of kernicterus in newborns?

    <p>It competes for binding sites of albumin with bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which exchange transfusion helps in treating extreme cases of jaundice in newborns?

    <p>It rapidly removes unconjugated bilirubin from circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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