39 Questions
What does the abnormal result of the BSP dye test indicate?
Defective hepatic blood flow
Which substances may be assessed through prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time in patients with cirrhosis?
Some coagulation factors
What is indicated by an increased concentration of serum bilirubin and bile acids in circulation?
Impaired metabolic liver function
Which of the following substances is NOT metabolized in the liver?
Caffeine
What is the purpose of the Indocyanine Green clearance test?
Determination of rate of exogenous substance clearance
What may decreased levels of lipids & lipoproteins in cirrhosis patients indicate?
Decreased synthesis of lipids
Which test is used for the measurement of rate of exogenous substance clearance for substances like aminopyrine, lidocaine, and caffeine?
Rose Bengal dye determination
What is a possible indication when there is a decrease in serum total protein and albumin in cirrhosis patients?
Impaired production due to decreased synthesis
Which enzyme is specifically mentioned to be high in hepatocytes and can leak into plasma in cases of liver injury?
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
What is the principle behind the determination of serum cholesterol levels?
Esterification of cholesterol in the liver
Which test measures the rate of excretion following ingestion/intravenous injection of galactose?
Galactose tolerance test
Which enzyme is associated with altered lipoprotein metabolism in patients with liver obstructive disease?
Lipoprotein X
Which enzyme is critical in determining the cellular location and patterns of enzyme change in various types of liver disease?
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
What type of metabolism test can be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of liver damage?
Carbohydrate metabolism tests
In drug metabolism, what is measured to determine the rate of metabolism?
Aminopyrine labelled with radioactive carbon in breath
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of jaundice in Gilbert Syndrome?
Increased excretion of bilirubin
What is the half-life of LD (LD 4 and 5)?
4-6 hours
What is the most common cause of jaundice in adolescence or early adulthood?
Gilbert Syndrome
Which condition is associated with elevated levels of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?
Acute hepatic injury
Which type of bilirubin is typically elevated in Gilbert Syndrome?
Unconjugated bilirubin
Which type of liver disease is Anti-mitochondrial antibody commonly associated with?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
What is the effect of insertion of an extra TA sequence in the UGT1A1 promoter in Gilbert Syndrome?
Decrease in expression of UGT1A1 gene
What is the main diagnostic importance of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing?
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Which of the following is a feature that helps distinguish Gilbert Syndrome from chronic hepatitis?
Presence of bilirubin in urine
Which gender has a higher incidence of Anti-mitochondrial antibody-related liver disease?
Females
What is the primary method used in laboratory testing to measure bilirubin levels in Gilbert Syndrome?
Measurement in a fasting state
Which type of liver condition involves destruction of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Why are individuals with Gilbert Syndrome predisposed to acetaminophen toxicity?
Reduced expression of UGT1A1 gene
Which liver disease is characterized by fibrosis of bile canaliculi, collagen production, and necrosis?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
What is a distinguishing characteristic of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia seen in Gilbert Syndrome?
Normal function of UGT1A1 gene
Which enzyme has the longest half-life among the options provided?
GGT
What is the main cause of jaundice in newborn babies as discussed in the text?
Deficiency in glucuronyl transferase enzyme
Why are premature infants more susceptible to jaundice related to unconjugated bilirubin?
They are born without the glucuronyl transferase enzyme
How does exposure to pregnanediol and NEFA in breastmilk contribute to jaundice in newborns?
They compete for binding sites of albumin
What is the consequence of high levels of unconjugated bilirubin build-up in newborns?
Kernicterus and cell damage
Why is ultraviolet radiation used as a treatment for jaundice in newborns?
To convert bilirubin into a more water-soluble form
How does beta-glucuronidase in meconium contribute to jaundice development in newborns?
It hydrolyzes bilirubin conjugates to unconjugated bilirubin
What role does aspirin ingestion play in increasing the risk of kernicterus in newborns?
It competes for binding sites of albumin with bilirubin
What is the mechanism by which exchange transfusion helps in treating extreme cases of jaundice in newborns?
It rapidly removes unconjugated bilirubin from circulation
Learn about causes and other details related to neonatal jaundice treatment therapy using LARDIZABAL method, as explained in Bishop. Understand how bilirubin concentrations peak within few days of birth, with a focus on glucuronyl transferase deficiency and jaundice in premature infants.
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