Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of analogy is exemplified by the pair 'joyful : sad :: elated : depressed'?
Which type of analogy is exemplified by the pair 'joyful : sad :: elated : depressed'?
- Antonyms (correct)
- Cause and Effect
- Characteristic/Quality
- Synonyms
In the analogy 'artist : paintbrush :: writer : ______', which option BEST completes the relationship?
In the analogy 'artist : paintbrush :: writer : ______', which option BEST completes the relationship?
- novel
- pen (correct)
- paper
- story
Given the analogy 'storm : damage :: ______ : warning', which option forms the MOST logical pairing, maintaining a cause-and-effect relationship?
Given the analogy 'storm : damage :: ______ : warning', which option forms the MOST logical pairing, maintaining a cause-and-effect relationship?
- siren (correct)
- rain
- cloud
- calm
Which step in the paraphrasing process involves ensuring the rewritten text maintains the original meaning and is of similar length?
Which step in the paraphrasing process involves ensuring the rewritten text maintains the original meaning and is of similar length?
A sports analyst states, 'This team will win the championship next year because they have the most talented players.' What type of statement is this?
A sports analyst states, 'This team will win the championship next year because they have the most talented players.' What type of statement is this?
Which choice BEST demonstrates drawing a conclusion based on multiple inferences?
Which choice BEST demonstrates drawing a conclusion based on multiple inferences?
In the context of verbs, what is the PRIMARY function of a linking verb?
In the context of verbs, what is the PRIMARY function of a linking verb?
When rechecking a paraphrased text, what does the '5 Finger Test' primarily help to identify?
When rechecking a paraphrased text, what does the '5 Finger Test' primarily help to identify?
Which sentence demonstrates the correct use of a modal verb to express obligation?
Which sentence demonstrates the correct use of a modal verb to express obligation?
A writer aims to evoke strong emotions and entertain the reader through a fictional narrative. Which author's purpose aligns best with this aim?
A writer aims to evoke strong emotions and entertain the reader through a fictional narrative. Which author's purpose aligns best with this aim?
In a text discussing the increasing rates of deforestation and its effects on climate change, which pattern of text development is primarily being used?
In a text discussing the increasing rates of deforestation and its effects on climate change, which pattern of text development is primarily being used?
Which of the following sentences contains a prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb, modifying the verb?
Which of the following sentences contains a prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb, modifying the verb?
An advertisement claims a product is the 'best on the market' without providing specific evidence. Which propaganda technique is most likely being used?
An advertisement claims a product is the 'best on the market' without providing specific evidence. Which propaganda technique is most likely being used?
Which of the following uses a linking verb to connect the subject to a subject complement?
Which of the following uses a linking verb to connect the subject to a subject complement?
A town council publishes a report detailing the increasing number of traffic accidents, followed by a proposal to install more traffic lights. What author's purpose is evident here?
A town council publishes a report detailing the increasing number of traffic accidents, followed by a proposal to install more traffic lights. What author's purpose is evident here?
A paragraph describes the similarities and differences between two different types of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Which pattern of text development is being used?
A paragraph describes the similarities and differences between two different types of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Which pattern of text development is being used?
In the sentence, 'Despite the rain, they continued their hike,' what is the function of the prepositional phrase?
In the sentence, 'Despite the rain, they continued their hike,' what is the function of the prepositional phrase?
A political candidate uses images of smiling families and waving flags in their campaign ads. Which propaganda technique are they most likely employing?
A political candidate uses images of smiling families and waving flags in their campaign ads. Which propaganda technique are they most likely employing?
Flashcards
Helping Verbs
Helping Verbs
Verbs that assist the main verb to indicate mood, tense, and voice.
Modal Verbs
Modal Verbs
Auxiliary verbs that express possibility, ability, permission, etc., and cannot stand alone.
Author’s Purpose
Author’s Purpose
The reason an author writes, which can be to inform, persuade, entertain, instruct, or criticize.
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
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Comparison-Contrast
Comparison-Contrast
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Prepositions
Prepositions
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Object of the Preposition
Object of the Preposition
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Adjectival Prepositional Phrase
Adjectival Prepositional Phrase
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Bias
Bias
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Card Stacking
Card Stacking
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Word Analogy
Word Analogy
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Types of Analogies
Types of Analogies
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Synonyms
Synonyms
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Antonyms
Antonyms
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Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing
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Fact
Fact
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Opinion
Opinion
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Inferences
Inferences
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Study Notes
Word Analogies
- Word analogy compares two things to find relationships.
- Finger : Hand :: Toe : Foot (colon = "as to," double colon = separates sets)
- Relationships can be synonyms, antonyms, part-whole, cause-effect, characteristic/quality, classification, or performer-related object.
Paraphrasing
- Paraphrasing restates text in different words, maintaining similar length.
- Crucial for understanding and demonstrating comprehension without direct copying.
- Four key steps in the 4Rs method (Read, Restate, Recheck, Revise/Repair)
- Restating is crucial:
- Chunking paragraphs
- Substituting words with synonyms, changing word forms, clauses to phrases/transitions.
- Inferring meaning.
- Rechecking involves comparing the paraphrase to the original.
- The 5 Finger Test (5 or fewer replaceable words)
- 4 Musts: Maintains the original message, keeps same length, uses synonyms, and changes sentence structure.
Fact and Opinion
- Fact: Verifiable by objective evidence (denotative language, measurable/verifiable numbers).
- Opinion: Cannot be verified (connotative language), varies depending on perspective.
- Value words often signal opinion.
Drawing Conclusions
- Inferences: Logical guesses based on author clues and reader experience.
- Conclusions: Judgments drawn from inferences, often singular; cannot be wrong.
Modals
- Modal verbs: Helping verbs (e.g., might, should, can, must) cannot stand alone. Paired with main verbs to indicate various meanings:
- Possibility
- Advice/obligation
- Ability
- Permission
Author's Purpose
- Inform: Shares facts, e.g., articles, manuals.
- Persuade: Influencing/convincing, often with a call to action, e.g., advertisements.
- Instruct: Gives step-by-step guides, e.g., manuals.
- Entertain: Tells a story, joke, or anecdote, e.g., novels.
- Criticize: Expresses disapproval, e.g., editorials.
Text Types: Patterns of Text Development
- Cause and Effect: Identifies causes and their effects.
- Comparison-Contrast: Shows similarities and differences, often visualized as a Venn diagram.
- Problem-Solution: Presents a problem and solutions (single or multiple), using strategies like cause-and-effect and extended examples.
Prepositions
- Prepositions show direction, time, place, relationship, and introduce an object.
- Object of Preposition: Follows the preposition; the phrase's target.
- Prepositional Phrases: Consists of preposition, optional modifiers, and object.
- Adjectival (adjective prepositional phrase): Modifies nouns or pronouns.
- Adverbial (adverb prepositional phrase): Modifies verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.
Biases and Propaganda Devices
- Propaganda: Aims to influence opinions for the author's benefit.
- Bias: A person's stance on a topic.
- Propaganda Techniques:
- Card Stacking: Omits facts or phrases things positively.
- Name Calling: Uses negative words to create prejudice against opponents.
- Bandwagon: Encourages joining trends.
- Testimonial: Links famous people with products/items.
- Transfer: Transfers positive/negative feelings from one thing to another.
- Glittering Generalities: Uses positive buzzwords/taglines.
- Plain Folks: Appeals to common values.
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