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Questions and Answers
What is a language register?
In which context is the formal register most likely used?
Which of the following is an example of the frozen register?
What is a characteristic of the casual register?
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The intimate register is primarily used in which type of interactions?
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Which situation best describes the consultative register?
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How does language usage vary in day-to-day communication?
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Which of the following examples fits the description of the formal register?
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What is an essential factor for effective intercultural communication?
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What does bias-free language aim to accomplish?
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Why should language that reinforces stereotypes be avoided?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of writing in a culturally sensitive manner?
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Which of the following categories is not mentioned as a consideration in culturally sensitive language?
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What is a recommended practice for addressing gender in communication?
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Which term should be avoided to eliminate bias in discussions about race or ethnicity?
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What should communicators do to improve competence in multicultural settings?
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What is a recommended alternative to the term 'man-made'?
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Which of the following pronoun usage strategies avoids gender-bias?
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What does the term 'conyo' imply in Philippine culture?
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How should one refer to children in a respectful manner?
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What is the main focus when referring to people with disabilities?
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What distinguishes spoken communication from written communication?
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Which of the following best describes academic communication?
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What aspect of communication is emphasized in both everyday and academic contexts?
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Study Notes
Language Registers
- Language is used differently in different situations depending on the context.
- Frozen Register - This is the static register, used for historic language like the Bible, the US Constitution, or Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"
- Formal Register - Used in professional, academic, or legal settings, communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Examples include TED talks, business presentations, and encyclopedias like “Gray’s Anatomy.”
- Consultative Register - Less rigid than Formal Register, used when talking to someone with specialized knowledge, or when someone is offering advice. Examples include local news broadcasts, annual physical appointments, or services like a plumber.
- Casual Register - Used with friends, close acquaintances, family, and co-workers. Examples include a birthday party, a BBQ, or a casual conversation with someone you know well.
- Intimate Register - Reserved for special occasions, usually between two people, often in private. Examples could be inside jokes, or language used only by a couple or close friends.
Culturally Sensitive and Bias-Free Language
- Language that is sensitive to people's sex, race, age, physical condition, and other categories.
- Should avoid discriminating and include all readers in a respectful manner.
- To write culturally sensitive language means being aware of cultural differences and similarities.
Race and Ethnicity
- Avoid language that reinforces stereotypes or implies that all people of a particular race or ethnic group are the same.
- Example: "Naturally, the Asian students won the math contest." - The word "naturally" reinforces the stereotype that Asians excel in math.
Gender and Sexual Orientation
- Favor gender-neutral words and phrases over gender-biased words.
- For example, say “manufactured,” “synthetic,” or “artificial” instead of “man-made.”
- Use “ordinary terms” instead of "layman’s terms."
- In job titles or descriptions, choose neutral words over words with “man” and “woman.”
- Avoid gender-biased pronouns:
- Drop pronouns that signify gender and restate the sentence,
- change to plural construction,
- replace masculine or feminine pronouns with “one” or “you.”
Social Class
- A group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status.
- Example: The term “conyo” in the Philippines is used to describe young people from the upper class who speak in a mix of English and Tagalog, often connoting vanity and consciousness about social status.
- "Jologs," now perhaps replaced with "jejemon", used to describe individuals who look poor and out of style.
Age
- When referring to a generic group, ask your subjects what wordings they prefer.
- For example: Do they wish to be called “older persons” or “senior citizens”?
- Or do they prefer the label “youths,” “teenagers,” or “young people”?
Disabilities
- When referring to people with disabilities, focus on the person, not the condition.
- Disability first: "The blind student used a special keyboard during the exam."
- Person first: "The student, who is visually impaired, used a special keyboard during the exam."
Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language
- Spoken mode is often associated with everyday registers while the written mode is strongly associated with academic registers.
- However, there is a significant overlap.
- Everyday communication often uses text messages, and academic contexts use oral communication alongside writing.
- Both everyday and academic communications are characterized by multi-modality which includes spoken, written words, images, music, videos, gestures, etc.
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Description
Explore the different language registers and their uses in various contexts. This quiz covers frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate registers with examples to enhance your understanding. Test your knowledge of how language adapts to social situations!
