Language of Research and Academic Writing

Language of Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies

• Research provides solutions to problems methodically.
• Campaigns provide a structure for advocacy.
• Advocacy promotes causes, policies, or interests.

Main Features of Academic Writing

• Academic writing is more complex than spoken language.
• Avoid informal language (colloquialisms, abbreviations).
• Use precise and objective language; focus on facts, not feelings.
• Use signal words (however, furthermore) for organization.
• Ensure accuracy to avoid misinterpretations.
• Follow a structured format (introduction, body, conclusion).

Key Structural Elements and Language Features of an Argumentative Text

• Argumentative texts present one side of an argument to persuade readers.
• Statement of Position: Introduces the main points.
• Arguments: Discusses specific details of the main points.
• Reinforcements: Discusses potential solutions or consequences.

Two Sides of Oxford-Oregon Debate

• Affirmative: Supports the motion.
• Negative: Opposes the affirmative arguments.

Language Features of an Argumentative Text

• Modal Verbs: Express ability, obligation, or possibility (can, could, should, might).
• Emotive Words: Evoke emotional responses (agonizing, blessed, harsh, magnificent, vulnerable).
• Evaluative Language: Evaluates the weight of information (important, best, most, truth, largest).

Critical Reading as Reasoning

• Assertion: A statement asserting a belief.
• Assertions are made after reading.
• Types of Assertion:
  • Basic: Expresses feelings, beliefs, and opinions directly.
  • Emphatic: Understands the feelings and emotions of the author/character.
  • I-Language: Expresses the writer's feelings with accurate information, feelings, and recommendations.

Public Speaking

• Public speaking is communication in large groups.
• Preparation for public speaking involves:
  • Knowing the audience.
  • Choosing a topic.
  • Defining the purpose.
  • Gathering supporting ideas.
  • Outlining the speech.
  • Writing the speech.

Modes of Speech Delivery

• Extemporaneous: Prepared in advance, but language created during the speech.
• Impromptu: Spoken spontaneously.
• Memorized: Prepared and memorized.

Integral Parts of Communication

• Posture, body movement, and facial expressions communicate effectively.
• Eye contact, intonation, pitch, stress, and tone are important vocal elements.

Multimodal Texts

• Multimodal communication uses various forms: written, spoken, visual, audio, spatial, and gestures.
• Examples of multimodal texts include: paper-based, live-performance, and digital.

This quiz explores key concepts related to research, campaigns, and advocacy in the context of academic writing. It highlights the importance of structured arguments and the language features necessary for effective communication. Test your knowledge on how to present ideas clearly and persuasively.