Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the abbreviation HD stand for?
What does the abbreviation HD stand for?
Hemodialysis
What does the abbreviation GFR stand for?
What does the abbreviation GFR stand for?
Glomerular filtration rate
What is the abbreviation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
What is the abbreviation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
ESWL
What is the term for the creation of an artificial opening into the bladder?
What is the term for the creation of an artificial opening into the bladder?
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A ______ is the incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.
A ______ is the incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.
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What is the x-ray taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine called?
What is the x-ray taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine called?
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What test measures the amount of urea in the blood?
What test measures the amount of urea in the blood?
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What is the x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys?
What is the x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys?
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What test measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood?
What test measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood?
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Which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream due to kidney dysfunction?
Which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream due to kidney dysfunction?
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What is the process of surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient called?
What is the process of surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient called?
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What is the radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney called?
What is the radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney called?
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What is the diagnostic procedure that involves introducing a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up into the bladder?
What is the diagnostic procedure that involves introducing a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up into the bladder?
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What is the diagnostic imaging procedure enhanced by the injection of radioactive substance into the bloodstream?
What is the diagnostic imaging procedure enhanced by the injection of radioactive substance into the bloodstream?
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What is the abbreviation for the radiographic imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injection?
What is the abbreviation for the radiographic imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injection?
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What does CAPD stand for?
What does CAPD stand for?
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What imaging procedure uses a magnetic field to capture images of the body?
What imaging procedure uses a magnetic field to capture images of the body?
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What medical term means the process of crushing stones?
What medical term means the process of crushing stones?
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What is the surgical procedure performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?
What is the surgical procedure performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?
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If a patient requires short-term drainage of urine, what procedure would she undergo?
If a patient requires short-term drainage of urine, what procedure would she undergo?
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What is the process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream?
What is the process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream?
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What is the combining form for calyx?
What is the combining form for calyx?
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What is the combining form for glomerulus?
What is the combining form for glomerulus?
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What is the combining form for trigone?
What is the combining form for trigone?
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What is the major function of the urinary system?
What is the major function of the urinary system?
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What is the term for the act of expelling urine from the urethra?
What is the term for the act of expelling urine from the urethra?
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What renal hormone stimulates red blood cell production?
What renal hormone stimulates red blood cell production?
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What is the depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass called?
What is the depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass called?
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What is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?
What is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?
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Which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?
Which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?
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What is the sac that holds urine called?
What is the sac that holds urine called?
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What is the small, cup-shaped region that collects urine called?
What is the small, cup-shaped region that collects urine called?
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Which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?
Which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?
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Which structure carries blood away from the kidney?
Which structure carries blood away from the kidney?
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What is the tube leading from each kidney to the bladder called?
What is the tube leading from each kidney to the bladder called?
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During filtration, blood pressure forces materials through ______, which act as filters.
During filtration, blood pressure forces materials through ______, which act as filters.
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What is a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water called?
What is a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water called?
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What is the term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure?
What is the term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure?
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What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?
What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?
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What is a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine?
What is a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine?
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What does the abbreviation UTI stand for?
What does the abbreviation UTI stand for?
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What is the abbreviation for phenylketonuria?
What is the abbreviation for phenylketonuria?
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What is a combining form for kidney?
What is a combining form for kidney?
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What is pus in the urine called?
What is pus in the urine called?
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What is the retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood called?
What is the retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood called?
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_______ is smoky red urine due to the presence of blood.
_______ is smoky red urine due to the presence of blood.
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What is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements called?
What is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements called?
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What is the abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema called?
What is the abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema called?
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What is the urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine called?
What is the urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine called?
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What is the normal pH of urine?
What is the normal pH of urine?
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What is abnormal levels of albumin in urine called?
What is abnormal levels of albumin in urine called?
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______ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy.
______ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy.
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What is the term that means sugar in the urine?
What is the term that means sugar in the urine?
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What term means inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney?
What term means inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney?
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What is inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules called?
What is inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules called?
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What are kidney stones also known as?
What are kidney stones also known as?
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What does multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney describe?
What does multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney describe?
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What is inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma called?
What is inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma called?
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What is the malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood?
What is the malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood?
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What condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body?
What condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body?
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Study Notes
Abbreviations and Terms
- HD: Hemodialysis, a treatment for kidney failure
- GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, a measure of kidney function
- ESWL: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a method to break down kidney stones
- VCUG: Voiding cystourethrogram, x-ray imaging of the bladder and urethra while expelling urine
- CAPD: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, a type of dialysis performed manually
Surgical Procedures
- Cystostomy: Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder
- Pyelolithotomy: Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
- Renal transplantation: Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
- Renal angioplasty: Procedure to open narrowed areas in renal arteries
- Urinary catheterization: Short-term drainage of urine using a catheter
Diagnostic Tests and Imaging
- Blood urea nitrogen: Test that measures the amount of urea in the blood
- Creatinine clearance: Measures the kidney's ability to remove creatinine from the blood
- Renal angiography: Examination of the blood vessels in the kidneys using contrast
- Radioisotope scan: Imaging enhanced by radioactive substance injection to visualize kidney function
- KUB: Kidneys, ureters, bladder x-ray series for size and location assessment of these structures
Kidney Functions and Physiology
- Nephron: Functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration
- Reabsorption: Process where renal tubules return necessary material to the bloodstream
- Erythropoietin: Renal hormone stimulating red blood cell production
- Hilum: The depression on the kidney's medial border where blood vessels and nerves enter
Urine Characteristics and Conditions
- Urea: Nitrogenous waste commonly excreted in urine
- Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine, causing a smoky red appearance
- Pyuria: Presence of pus in urine
- Albuminuria: Abnormal levels of albumin (protein) in urine
- Uremia: Retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood, indicating kidney failure
Diseases and Disorders
- Wilms tumor: Malignant kidney tumor common in childhood
- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): Condition characterized by fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
- Nephrotic syndrome: Disorder marked by proteinuria and edema
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
- Interstitial nephritis: Inflammation of the connective tissue between renal tubules
Miscellaneous
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Imaging technique using magnetic fields to visualize body structures
- Electrolyte: Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
- Ketonuria: Indicates body is burning fat for energy, leading to ketones in urine
- Glycosuria: Presence of sugar in urine, often indicating diabetes
- Slightly acidic urine pH: Indicates normal urine acidity levels
Key Structures
- Renal artery: Carries blood to the kidneys
- Renal vein: Carries blood away from the kidneys
- Ureter: The tube connecting each kidney to the bladder
- Renal pelvis: Central collecting region of the kidney
- Calyx: Cup-shaped region collecting urine in the kidneys
Important Percentages and Measurements
- Normal urine is slightly acidic, which helps prevent infections and maintain proper kidney function.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz covering key terms and abbreviations from Chapter 7 of the Language of Medicine. This includes definitions of important medical terms such as HD for Hemodialysis and GFR for Glomerular Filtration Rate. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of medical language.
