Language of Medicine Chapter 7 Quiz
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Language of Medicine Chapter 7 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the abbreviation HD stand for?

Hemodialysis

What does the abbreviation GFR stand for?

Glomerular filtration rate

What is the abbreviation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?

ESWL

What is the term for the creation of an artificial opening into the bladder?

<p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is the incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.

<p>Pyelolithotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the x-ray taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine called?

<p>Voiding cystourethrogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

What test measures the amount of urea in the blood?

<p>Blood urea nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys?

<p>KUB</p> Signup and view all the answers

What test measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood?

<p>Creatinine clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream due to kidney dysfunction?

<p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient called?

<p>Renal transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney called?

<p>Renal angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic procedure that involves introducing a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up into the bladder?

<p>Cystoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic imaging procedure enhanced by the injection of radioactive substance into the bloodstream?

<p>A radioisotope scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for the radiographic imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injection?

<p>RP (Retrograde pyelogram)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CAPD stand for?

<p>Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging procedure uses a magnetic field to capture images of the body?

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medical term means the process of crushing stones?

<p>Lithotripsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical procedure performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?

<p>Renal angioplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient requires short-term drainage of urine, what procedure would she undergo?

<p>Urinary catheterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream?

<p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for calyx?

<p>Calic/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for glomerulus?

<p>Glomerul/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form for trigone?

<p>Trigon/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the urinary system?

<p>Excrete nitrogenous waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the act of expelling urine from the urethra?

<p>Voiding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What renal hormone stimulates red blood cell production?

<p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass called?

<p>Hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?

<p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?

<p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sac that holds urine called?

<p>Urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the small, cup-shaped region that collects urine called?

<p>Calyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?

<p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries blood away from the kidney?

<p>Renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tube leading from each kidney to the bladder called?

<p>Ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

During filtration, blood pressure forces materials through ______, which act as filters.

<p>Glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water called?

<p>Electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure?

<p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

<p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine?

<p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation UTI stand for?

<p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for phenylketonuria?

<p>PKU</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a combining form for kidney?

<p>Nephr/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pus in the urine called?

<p>Pyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood called?

<p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ is smoky red urine due to the presence of blood.

<p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements called?

<p>Urinalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema called?

<p>Nephrotic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine called?

<p>Specific gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH of urine?

<p>Slightly acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is abnormal levels of albumin in urine called?

<p>Albuminuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy.

<p>Ketonuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term that means sugar in the urine?

<p>Glycosuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term means inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney?

<p>Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules called?

<p>Interstitial nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are kidney stones also known as?

<p>Renal calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney describe?

<p>Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma called?

<p>Pyelonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood?

<p>Wilms tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body?

<p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abbreviations and Terms

  • HD: Hemodialysis, a treatment for kidney failure
  • GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, a measure of kidney function
  • ESWL: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a method to break down kidney stones
  • VCUG: Voiding cystourethrogram, x-ray imaging of the bladder and urethra while expelling urine
  • CAPD: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, a type of dialysis performed manually

Surgical Procedures

  • Cystostomy: Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder
  • Pyelolithotomy: Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
  • Renal transplantation: Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
  • Renal angioplasty: Procedure to open narrowed areas in renal arteries
  • Urinary catheterization: Short-term drainage of urine using a catheter

Diagnostic Tests and Imaging

  • Blood urea nitrogen: Test that measures the amount of urea in the blood
  • Creatinine clearance: Measures the kidney's ability to remove creatinine from the blood
  • Renal angiography: Examination of the blood vessels in the kidneys using contrast
  • Radioisotope scan: Imaging enhanced by radioactive substance injection to visualize kidney function
  • KUB: Kidneys, ureters, bladder x-ray series for size and location assessment of these structures

Kidney Functions and Physiology

  • Nephron: Functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration
  • Reabsorption: Process where renal tubules return necessary material to the bloodstream
  • Erythropoietin: Renal hormone stimulating red blood cell production
  • Hilum: The depression on the kidney's medial border where blood vessels and nerves enter

Urine Characteristics and Conditions

  • Urea: Nitrogenous waste commonly excreted in urine
  • Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine, causing a smoky red appearance
  • Pyuria: Presence of pus in urine
  • Albuminuria: Abnormal levels of albumin (protein) in urine
  • Uremia: Retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood, indicating kidney failure

Diseases and Disorders

  • Wilms tumor: Malignant kidney tumor common in childhood
  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): Condition characterized by fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
  • Nephrotic syndrome: Disorder marked by proteinuria and edema
  • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
  • Interstitial nephritis: Inflammation of the connective tissue between renal tubules

Miscellaneous

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Imaging technique using magnetic fields to visualize body structures
  • Electrolyte: Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
  • Ketonuria: Indicates body is burning fat for energy, leading to ketones in urine
  • Glycosuria: Presence of sugar in urine, often indicating diabetes
  • Slightly acidic urine pH: Indicates normal urine acidity levels

Key Structures

  • Renal artery: Carries blood to the kidneys
  • Renal vein: Carries blood away from the kidneys
  • Ureter: The tube connecting each kidney to the bladder
  • Renal pelvis: Central collecting region of the kidney
  • Calyx: Cup-shaped region collecting urine in the kidneys

Important Percentages and Measurements

  • Normal urine is slightly acidic, which helps prevent infections and maintain proper kidney function.

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Description

Test your knowledge with this quiz covering key terms and abbreviations from Chapter 7 of the Language of Medicine. This includes definitions of important medical terms such as HD for Hemodialysis and GFR for Glomerular Filtration Rate. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of medical language.

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