Language of Medicine Chapter 11

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To process waste materials

To assist in digestion

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues (correct)

To regulate body temperature

Which type of blood vessels move deoxygenated blood toward the heart?

Aorta

Veins (correct)

Arteries

Capillaries

What are capillaries primarily responsible for?

Transporting blood away from the heart

Carrying waste products to the heart

Storing blood

Exchanging oxygen and nutrients with body cells (correct)

Which of the following components serves as the muscular pump in the cardiovascular system?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes veins from arteries?

Veins move blood toward the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of the heartbeat?

Diastole and systole Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the heart?

Originates electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'lubb' sound during the heartbeat?

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves Signup and view all the answers

How much blood does the heart pump with each contraction?

3 ounces Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the atrioventricular node (AV node)?

Sends excitation waves to the Bundle of His Signup and view all the answers

During systole, which valves are closed to create the 'dubb' sound?

Pulmonary and aortic valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the average heart rate in beats per minute?

70 to 80 beats Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the double-layered membrane surrounding the heart?

Pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the heartbeat is referred to as contraction?

Systole Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of congestive heart disease (CHF)?

Pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition associated with coronary artery disease?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary underlying issue in coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Coronary artery blockage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a symptom of myocardial infarction?

Severe chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical therapy is often employed for coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery bypass grafting Signup and view all the answers

What condition can occur due to untreated hypertension?

Aneurysm Signup and view all the answers

Which arrhythmia refers to rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the atria and ventricles?

Fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic procedure that provides real-time imaging of the heart's structure using sound waves?

Echocardiography Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the surgical placement of a graft to bypass a narrowed coronary artery?

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique utilizes radioactive materials to evaluate heart function and blood flow?

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Holter monitoring in cardiac care?

To provide continuous ECG monitoring over 24-48 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential treatment method for clearing blocked arteries during acute myocardial infarction?

Thrombolytic therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diagnostic test is a Doppler ultrasound primarily used for?

Measuring blood flow and pressure in the blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of angiography in cardiac diagnostics?

To visualize the interior of blood vessels using contrast dye Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures is included in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?

Stent placement Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'CABG' stand for?

Coronary artery bypass grafting Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the type of heart failure indicated by an increase in ejection fraction?

Heart function improvement Signup and view all the answers

Which abbreviation refers to 'Atrial fibrillation'?

AF Signup and view all the answers

What does 'DVT' stand for in medical terminology?

Deep vein thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures involves the use of a catheter to investigate heart conditions?

Catheterization Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the abbreviation 'MI'?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a meaning of the abbreviation 'PCI'?

Percutaneous coronary intervention Signup and view all the answers

What condition is referred to by the abbreviation 'SCD'?

Sudden cardiac death Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the heart's electrical activity recorded by an ECG?

Electrocardiography Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Bundle of His in the heart?

To form conduction myofibers that stimulate ventricles to contract Signup and view all the answers

Which wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates the spread of excitation over the atria?

P wave Signup and view all the answers

What does a displacement in the S-T segment of an ECG typically indicate?

A potential heart attack (MI) Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure expressed mathematically?

As a fraction of systolic over diastolic Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'systole' refer to?

The contraction phase of the heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

Where do coronary arteries distribute blood?

To the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

It starts the heartbeat and acts as a pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

What is a murmur in the context of heart sounds?

An abnormal sound caused by improper valve closure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sphygmomanometer?

To measure blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'diastole' indicate?

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

To allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the body?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'apex of the heart' refer to?

The lower tip of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Language of Medicine 13th Edition

Davi-Ellen Chabner is the author.
The publication date is 2025

Chapter 11 - Cardiovascular System

The chapter focuses on the cardiovascular system
Goals include identifying heart parts, blood vessels and their functions in blood circulation.
The chapter outlines tracing the pathway of blood through the heart.
The chapter covers major pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels.
This also includes combining forms, lab tests and abbreviations related to the Cardiovascular System.
Defining combining forms pertaining to cardiovascular system is included.
The information helps with understanding medical terms in reports and records.

Introduction

The cardiovascular system's role is delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.
The heart acts as the muscular pump.
The circulatory system is composed of blood vessels acting as the transportation and fuel network.

Blood Vessels and Circulation

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Veins transport deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products.

Blood Vessels Structure

A diagram shows artery composition: outer layer, muscle layer, elastic layer, inner layer, endothelium.
A diagram illustrates vein structure: outer layer, muscle layer, inner layer, valves, endothelium.
A diagram highlights capillary structure with endothelium.

Blood Circulation/Systemic Circulation

A diagram illustrates the circulation, showing the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Blood circulates through, for example, the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins.
Oxygen-rich and poor blood is exchanged.

Aorta and Arteries

A diagram displays major arteries branching off the aorta.
- Common carotid artery, Axillary artery, Renal artery, Brachial artery, Radial artery, Femoral artery etc.

Anatomy of the Heart

A list details heart structures: Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Mitral valve, Left ventricle, Aortic valve, Aorta.

Major Heart Valves

Tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and ventricle.
Pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Aortic valve is between the left atrium and the aorta.

Pathway Through the Heart

A detailed diagram demonstrates the flow of blood through each heart part.
Blood travels from the superior and inferior vena cava, through the heart and to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Heartbeat

The heartbeat contains two phases: diastole and systole.
Diastole is the relaxation phase, systole is the contraction phase.
The diastole-systole cycle occurs around 70 to 80 times per minute.
The average heart pumps 3 ounces of blood with each contraction.

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds "lubb-dubb, lubb-dubb" are associated with valve closure.
The "lubb" sound marks the start of systole with tricuspid and mitral valves closing.
The "dubb" sound marks the end of systole with aortic and pulmonary valves closing.
A murmur signifies abnormal heart sounds due to improper valve closure.

Heartbeat Phases

A diagram shows the different phases of heartbeat, including the opening and closing of valves.

Conduction System of the Heart

Sinoatrial (SA) node is the heart's pacemaker.
The SA node generates electrical impulses initiating atria contraction and emptying blood into ventricles which ends the diastolic phase.
Atrioventricular (AV) node sends the excitation wave to the Bundle of His.
The Bundle of His helps the ventricles contract, marking the start of systole.
An ECG or EKG records electrical changes in heart muscle.

Electrocardiogram

P wave depicts atria excitation.
QRS wave represents ventricle excitation.
T wave indicates ventricle recovery.
Changes in the ECG can point to myocardial conditions like a heart attack (MI).

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure measures the force exerted on arterial walls.
A sphygmomanometer measures this pressure.
Blood pressure is recorded as systolic/diastolic pressure (e.g., 120/80 mm Hg).

Vocabulary (Slide 1 of 22)

Key listed medical terms related to the cardiovascular system

Vocabulary (various slides)

A collection of cardiovascular-related terms with definitions.

Combining Forms and Terminology (various slides)

A list of combining forms and related medical terms.

Quick Quiz Questions

Various questions addressing knowledge learned.

Pathology: Heart (various slides)

Specific heart diseases and conditions, including arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease (CAD) are defined.
Includes risk factor, causes and treatment options for the listed diseases.

Pathology: Blood Vessels (various slides)

A listing of blood vessel diseases with their meanings.

Laboratory Tests

Blood tests, such as BNP test, cardiac biomarkers, lipid test profile and lipoprotein electrophoresis.

Clinical Procedures: Diagnostic (various slides)

Different diagnostic procedures for cardiovascular conditions, including X-ray angiography, computerized tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, electron beam computed tomography, ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, echocardiography, nuclear cardiology (PET scan, Technetium TC 99m scan, thallium-201), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac catheterization, and electrocardiography (ECG or EKG).

Clinical Procedures: Treatment (various slides)

Detailed methods for treatment, including cardioversion, endarterectomy, extracorporeal circulation, heart transplantation, thrombolytic therapy, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Treatment Procedures (PCI)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves procedures: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), stent placement, laser angioplasty, and atherectomy.

Abbreviations (various slides)

Short-form abbreviations used commonly in the topic with meanings

Review Sheet – Combining Forms (various slides)

A review sheet with a list of combining medical terms.

Review Sheet – Suffixes (various slides)

A list of medical prefixes and their meanings.

Review Sheet – Prefixes (various slides)

A list of medical prefixes and their meanings.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore Chapter 11 of the Language of Medicine 13th Edition, focusing on the cardiovascular system. Understand the anatomy and functions of heart parts and blood vessels, trace the pathway of blood flow, and learn about related pathological conditions. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of medical terminology pertinent to the cardiovascular system.