11 Questions
What is the language used as MOI in Filipino, Social Studies, Character, Health, Work, and Physical Education at all levels of education?
Pilipino
What is the main objective of the 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education?
To develop bilingual competence in Pilipino and English
What is introduced as a separate subject no earlier than Grade 2, according to the 2009 Multilingual Educational Policy?
Filipino
From which level onwards are Filipino and English used as MOI?
Secondary level
When is the teaching of Mother Tongue as a subject introduced, according to the 2009 Multilingual Educational Policy?
Grade 1
In 1901, what was the basis of all public-school instruction?
English
What was approved through Executive Order No. 134 in 1937?
The adoption of Tagalog as the national language
What was stipulated in Executive Order No. 263 in 1940?
The teaching of Tagalog as a separate subject
What was introduced as a separate subject and medium of instruction from grade 3 onwards in the Revised Education Act of 1957?
English
What was reiterated in DECS DO No. 9 in 1973-1974?
The use of English as the medium of instruction in Science, English, and Mathematics
In what year was the Department of Public Instruction established?
1901
Study Notes
Early Education Policies
- In 1901, the Education Act No. 74 established a system of schools where English was the basis of all public-school instruction, and created the Department of Public Instruction and the Philippine Normal School in Manila.
- This monolingual education policy, directed by US President McKinley, emphasized English as the sole medium of instruction.
Emergence of Tagalog as a National Language
- In 1935, President Manuel L. Quezon issued Executive Order No. 134, approving the adoption of Tagalog as the national language.
- In 1940, Executive Order No. 263 stipulated the teaching of Tagalog as a separate subject in primary, secondary, and teacher's colleges in both public and private schools.
Post-War Education Policies
- The Revised Education Act of 1957 provided for the use of vernacular language as a medium of instruction (MOI) in grades 1 and 2, and as an auxiliary MOI in grades 3 and 4.
- English was introduced as a separate subject and MOI from grade 3 onwards, while Tagalog or Pilipino became an auxiliary MOI in grades 5 and 6.
Bilingual Education Policy
- In 1973-1974, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) reiterated the use of English as MOI in Science, English, and Mathematics, and Pilipino as MOI in Filipino, Social Studies, Character, Health, Work, and Physical Education at all levels of education.
- Regional languages remained auxiliary MOI.
- In 1987, the DECS adopted the Bilingual Education Policy (BEP) at all levels of schooling, aiming to develop bilingual competence in Pilipino and English.
Multilingual Educational Policy
- In 2009, the DepEd Order No. 74 institutionalized the use of the child's Mother Tongue as the primary MOI in all subject areas from pre-school until at least Grade 3.
- Filipino and English were introduced as separate subjects no earlier than Grade 2.
- The teaching of Mother Tongue as a subject began in Grade 1, while Filipino and English became the MOI from the secondary level onwards.
Test your knowledge of language education policies in the Philippines, from the Education Act of 1901 to Executive Order No. 134 in 1937. Learn about the historical development of language policies in the country's education system.
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