Language Acquisition Overview
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Language Acquisition Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the nativist theory of language acquisition propose?

  • Language acquisition occurs only during the first few months of life.
  • Humans have an innate capacity for language development. (correct)
  • Language is learned solely through environmental interaction.
  • Language learning is primarily based on imitation and reinforcement.

    • Which researcher is associated with the behaviorist theory of language learning?

  • Noam Chomsky
  • Jean Piaget
  • B.F. Skinner (correct)
  • Lev Vygotsky

    • Which characteristic is NOT commonly associated with motherese?

  • Simplified vocabulary and syntax
  • Emotional engagement and responsiveness
  • Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
  • Frequent use of complex grammatical structures (correct)

    • What does the interactionist theory of language acquisition emphasize?

    <p>The combination of innate abilities and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the critical period hypothesis suggest about language acquisition?

    <p>Children deprived of language early may not be able to reach normal language performance later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental factors impact language learning according to behaviorist theorists?

    <p>They facilitate language learning through reinforcement and correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that language is acquired through principles of association, imitation, and reinforcement?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the critical period hypothesis in language learning?

    <p>There is a limited window during early life for optimal language acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of 'Motherese/Fatherese' speech adjustments?

    <p>Slower speech pace to capture children's attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a syntactic feature associated with well-formed sentences?

    <p>Clear declarative statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cognitive mechanisms relate to language environments in a child's development?

    <p>The child's cognitive mechanisms and language environment interact dynamically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does eye contact play in language pragmatics?

    <p>It helps convey emotional engagement and intent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does object permanence play in language acquisition during the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>It allows children to store mental representations of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered an environmental aspect of language acquisition?

    <p>Quality of linguistic input available to children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the introduction of 'Motherese/Fatherese' important for children's language development?

    <p>It captures children's attention and enhances engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist proposed the interactionist perspective on language acquisition?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily involved in picture naming and reading aloud activities?

    <p>Visual input and orthographic processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personal feature is least likely to impact communication skills?

    <p>Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is known to influence communication ability?

    <p>Background noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main mechanisms for language learning according to biological predisposition?

    <p>Biological predisposition, recognition, and innate devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of 'Motherese' is most important for language acquisition?

    <p>Exaggerated intonation and slower tempo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can personal mood have on communication skills?

    <p>Affects frequency and functions of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does not typically determine the suitability of a language learning environment?

    <p>Instructor's personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Critical Period Hypothesis suggests language learning is optimally effective during which age range?

    <p>0-3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Language Acquisition

    • Children begin to develop object permanence during Piaget's sensorimotor stage, enabling them to link labels to objects, leading to their first words.

    • Environmental language input, such as exposure to various languages, and the quality of linguistic input (e.g., Motherese/Fatherese) play significant role in language acquisition.

    • Behaviorist psychologist, BF Skinner, believed language is acquired through association, imitation, and reinforcement through environmental input.

    • Interactionist psychologists, Vygotsky and Piaget, emphasized the dynamic relationship between a child’s cognitive mechanisms and their language environment.

    • The critical period hypothesis suggests children deprived of language in their early years are unable to attain age-matched language proficiency later in life.

    Motherese/Fatherese Characteristics

    • Paralinguistic: Slower pace, more targeted verbs and nouns, fewer broken or run-on sentences, fewer complex utterances, more declarative statements, imperatives, and questions.

    • Syntactic: Well-formed sentences.

    • Pragmatics: Smiles, eye contact, and large gestures.

    Theories of Language Acquisition

    • Nativist theory (Noam Chomsky): Humans are born with an innate disposition to acquire language through the Language Acquisition Device and Universal Grammar.

    • Behaviourist theory (BF Skinner): Environmental factors, such as reinforcement, imitation, correction, and conditioning, are crucial for language learning.

    • Interactionist theory (Vygotsky & Piaget): Language development is a product of the interplay between a child’s innate abilities and their environment.

    Activities & Processing

    • Activities like reading aloud and picture naming rely on visual input and orthographic processing, accessing semantic representations.

    • Articulation drills directly engage motor programming for speech output.

    Personal Features and Communication

    • Body Structure & Communication:

      • Features like hearing, body structure, and health can impact communication skills, affecting frequency, amount, and functions.

    • Activity & Participation:

      • Suitability and accessibility of communication environments are essential.

    • Environmental Factors:

      • Background noise and distraction can hinder communication.

    • Personal Factors:

      • Personality, mood, and self-esteem influence the frequency, amount, and functions of communication.

    Main Mechanisms for Language Learning

    • Innate: Biological predisposition to learn language through innate mechanisms like the Language Acquisition Device and Universal Grammar.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating process of language acquisition in children, highlighting the role of Piaget's sensorimotor stage and the impact of environmental input. This quiz covers theories from behaviorist and interactionist perspectives, including critical periods for language development.

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