Podcast
Questions and Answers
At what age is a child's intelligibility around 50% with natural sounds like /m/ and /n/?
At what age is a child's intelligibility around 50% with natural sounds like /m/ and /n/?
What type of question typically emerges between 25 and 28 months of age?
What type of question typically emerges between 25 and 28 months of age?
Which of the following represents an atypical sound production?
Which of the following represents an atypical sound production?
Which consonant sound is typically intelligible by 90-100% at age 4?
Which consonant sound is typically intelligible by 90-100% at age 4?
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What is an example of fronting in typical sound production?
What is an example of fronting in typical sound production?
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At what age does the Formal Operational stage of cognitive development begin?
At what age does the Formal Operational stage of cognitive development begin?
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Which concept describes the creation of a new schema for information that does not fit existing knowledge?
Which concept describes the creation of a new schema for information that does not fit existing knowledge?
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What is the primary focus of Vygotsky’s Social Interactionist perspective?
What is the primary focus of Vygotsky’s Social Interactionist perspective?
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Which babbling stage is characterized by consonant-vowel combinations like 'ba'?
Which babbling stage is characterized by consonant-vowel combinations like 'ba'?
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What timeline is often cited for the emergence of the Subject-Verb-Object word order in children?
What timeline is often cited for the emergence of the Subject-Verb-Object word order in children?
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Which effect illustrates how visual cues can influence auditory perception and understanding?
Which effect illustrates how visual cues can influence auditory perception and understanding?
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Which term refers to a child's ability to use self-talk to practice language skills?
Which term refers to a child's ability to use self-talk to practice language skills?
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The Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) is affected by which factor?
The Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) is affected by which factor?
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What is the primary role of morphemes in language acquisition?
What is the primary role of morphemes in language acquisition?
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Which component of language pertains to the rules governing the structure of sentences?
Which component of language pertains to the rules governing the structure of sentences?
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What does Hockett's feature of 'interchangeability' refer to?
What does Hockett's feature of 'interchangeability' refer to?
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In the context of Nativist theories, what is 'deep structure'?
In the context of Nativist theories, what is 'deep structure'?
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Which physiological process is primarily involved in creating sound during speech?
Which physiological process is primarily involved in creating sound during speech?
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Which of the following statements best describes the Interactionist perspective on language acquisition?
Which of the following statements best describes the Interactionist perspective on language acquisition?
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What does 'pragmatics' encompass in the components of language?
What does 'pragmatics' encompass in the components of language?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Behaviorist theory of language acquisition?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Behaviorist theory of language acquisition?
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Study Notes
Language Acquisition: Understanding Language Development
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Language Acquisition Observation: Examining how complexity of morphemes per utterance and morpheme length measured by MLU (mean length utterance).
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Physiological Processes of Speech: Speech production involves Respiration (breathing), Phonation (vocal fold vibration), Resonation (amplifying sound using vocal tract), and Articulation (forming sounds using tongue, lips, teeth, and palate).
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Components of Language: Language is composed of phonology (sounds and rules), morphology (meaningful units), semantics (meaning), syntax (sentence structure), prosody (intonation), and pragmatics (social use of language).
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Hockett's Design Features: Defining characteristics of human language include interchangeability, semanticity (meaningful signals) ,productivity (ability to create new messages), displacement (referring to past and future events), and duality of patterning (combination of sounds create meaning).
Theories of Language Acquisition
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Nativist Theory (Chomsky): Argues that humans are born with innate language abilities (nature), and language is unique to humans providing innate ability to think, and form relationships between words. Language learning is an active process.
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Behaviourist Theory (Skinner): Proposes that language is learned through environmental stimuli and reinforcement (nurture). Operant conditioning and imitation are believed to be involved. Learning is passive.
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Interactionist Theory: Human language develops through interaction with the environment, both social and biological. Language is influenced by both nature and nurture; biological predispositions combined with experiences.
Stages of Cognitive Development (Piaget)
- Stages of Cognitive Development: Learning occurs in stages that involve Sensorimotor (0-2 years), Preoperational (2-7 years), Concrete Operational (7-11 years), and Formal Operational (11+ years). Cognitive development influences language, and vice versa.
Vygotsky's Theory
- Cognitive Development & Environment: Cognitive development is influenced by environmental and cultural factors. Learning occurs through social interaction. Both nature and nurture involved; language develops through environment, as well as biological predispositions.
Early Language Development (Uda Smith)
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Dynamic Systems Theory: Language perception and cognition develop concurrently, influenced by social factors, contexts, and experiences. The time scale of language development differs across individuals and is affected by varied social experiences.
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Early Sounds: Infants produce sounds like cries, cooing, differentiated crying, and laughter, progressing to babbling (including marginal and variegated) and jargon stages.
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Word and Sentence Emergence: Early words predominantly involve verb-object structures, followed by subject-verb-object constructions.
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Reliability & Validity: Assessing early language is challenging, particularly in terms of reliability and validity.
Syntactic Development
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Syntactic Questions: Studying how children ask questions (e.g., Wh- questions) reveals stages and different syntactic processes, and understanding how children ask and construct complex questions and sentences.
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Vocabulary Expansion: Children's vocabularies evolve, with shifts from syntagmatic to paradigmatic use of words.
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Consonant Production: Shows different stages of development, including typical and atypical patterns. Timelines and measures of intelligence are commonly included.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental components of language acquisition, including the physiological processes of speech and Hockett's design features. Test your understanding of morphemes, phonology, and the factors that contribute to effective communication. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of language development.
