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At what age does communication through gestures typically onset?
At what age does communication through gestures typically onset?
Which category of words constitutes over half of the words children use during the one-word stage?
Which category of words constitutes over half of the words children use during the one-word stage?
What is the average vocabulary size of a child around 18 months of age?
What is the average vocabulary size of a child around 18 months of age?
When do children typically start to produce two-word sentences?
When do children typically start to produce two-word sentences?
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What is the term for early words being used in certain contexts only?
What is the term for early words being used in certain contexts only?
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What do children achieve rapidly after they start combining words to form sentences?
What do children achieve rapidly after they start combining words to form sentences?
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By age 6, what is the average vocabulary size of a child?
By age 6, what is the average vocabulary size of a child?
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What is a key criterion for a sound to qualify as a word during the one-word stage?
What is a key criterion for a sound to qualify as a word during the one-word stage?
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What does 'Mean Length of Utterance' (MLU) refer to?
What does 'Mean Length of Utterance' (MLU) refer to?
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What is typically observed in the rate of vocabulary acquisition after children produce their first word?
What is typically observed in the rate of vocabulary acquisition after children produce their first word?
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What characterizes the pre-linguistic stage of language acquisition?
What characterizes the pre-linguistic stage of language acquisition?
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What does the Reference Principle imply about children's understanding of words?
What does the Reference Principle imply about children's understanding of words?
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At what age do infants typically start producing babbling sounds?
At what age do infants typically start producing babbling sounds?
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What is indicated by the universality of babbling?
What is indicated by the universality of babbling?
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Which principle suggests that a word encompasses all members of a class rather than a single instance?
Which principle suggests that a word encompasses all members of a class rather than a single instance?
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What aspect of language development is emphasized by the idea that children actively engage in understanding adult language?
What aspect of language development is emphasized by the idea that children actively engage in understanding adult language?
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How does sound learning occur in infants during the pre-linguistic stage?
How does sound learning occur in infants during the pre-linguistic stage?
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When do children typically start to demonstrate turn-taking in communication?
When do children typically start to demonstrate turn-taking in communication?
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What aspect of language understanding tends to exceed language production in infants?
What aspect of language understanding tends to exceed language production in infants?
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Which of the following is true regarding the transition between stages of language acquisition?
Which of the following is true regarding the transition between stages of language acquisition?
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Which aspect of language refers to the social use of language in communication?
Which aspect of language refers to the social use of language in communication?
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What characterizes the initial stage of children's speech development?
What characterizes the initial stage of children's speech development?
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What is a common misconception about the order in which children learn language categories and words?
What is a common misconception about the order in which children learn language categories and words?
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Echolalia in infants is characterized by what behavior?
Echolalia in infants is characterized by what behavior?
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What is a significant factor that does NOT contribute to variability in language acquisition in children?
What is a significant factor that does NOT contribute to variability in language acquisition in children?
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At what age do children typically begin to show a grammar explosion?
At what age do children typically begin to show a grammar explosion?
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Which principle explains that children initially associate words with whole objects rather than their parts?
Which principle explains that children initially associate words with whole objects rather than their parts?
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Which research method focuses on studying children over an extended period?
Which research method focuses on studying children over an extended period?
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What is an example of overregularisation in children's speech?
What is an example of overregularisation in children's speech?
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What assumption might children make about learning the meaning of words during early development?
What assumption might children make about learning the meaning of words during early development?
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Which feature is typically absent in children's speech until around the age of 5?
Which feature is typically absent in children's speech until around the age of 5?
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What does the misconceived idea that children learn the meaning of a word solely through exposure neglect?
What does the misconceived idea that children learn the meaning of a word solely through exposure neglect?
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What is the primary way infants communicate before developing language skills?
What is the primary way infants communicate before developing language skills?
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What aspect of a child's cognitive development is supported by their ability to use shifting gaze?
What aspect of a child's cognitive development is supported by their ability to use shifting gaze?
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What indicates that children apply grammatical rules rather than simply imitating adult speech?
What indicates that children apply grammatical rules rather than simply imitating adult speech?
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Why might children confuse the meaning of passive sentences?
Why might children confuse the meaning of passive sentences?
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What commonly begins to appear in children's speech during preschool age?
What commonly begins to appear in children's speech during preschool age?
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What is a key characteristic of the grammar children learn by ages 4 to 5?
What is a key characteristic of the grammar children learn by ages 4 to 5?
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What defines the length and complexity of sentences in early language development?
What defines the length and complexity of sentences in early language development?
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How do children typically learn word meanings in their early development?
How do children typically learn word meanings in their early development?
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Study Notes
Language Acquisition
- Cross-sectional research studies different age groups of children.
- Longitudinal research tracks the same children over time.
- Language development is influenced by biological, social, and cultural factors.
- Language acquisition follows predictable stages, regardless of the language.
- Transitions between stages are gradual.
Stages of Language Acquisition: Pre-linguistic Stage
- This stage occurs from birth to around 12 months.
- Infants are highly sensitive to speech sounds from birth.
- Crying is the main form of communication in the first few months.
- Cooing (vowel sounds) begins around 2 months.
- Babbling (combining vowels and consonants) starts around 6 months, universally, similar sounds regardless of hearing or culture.
- Babbling may stop based on the sounds the infant hears.
Stages of Language Acquisition: One-Word Stage
- This stage starts around 12 months with the emergence of spoken words
- Early words are approximations of adult words.
- Consistent use of a word signifies it's a word.
- Vocabulary explosions around 16-18 months leading to quicker word acquisition.
- Vocabulary size significantly increases by age 2(around 300 words).
- Word categories learned commonly include general (objects), specific (animals/people), and actions.
Stages of Language Acquisition:Two-Word Stage
- Two-word sentences emerge around 18 months.
- Marks the start of syntax (grammar rules).
- Sentence length grows quickly, grammar progresses.
Meaning and Word Meaning
- Meaning is learned through associations with objects and actions related to words.
- Principles children often use:
- Reference (words name objects).
- Extendability (a word names a class, not just one thing.)
- Whole object: entire object, not part of.
Pragmatics
- Pragmatics (use of language to communicate) involves turn-taking and adapting speech to the audience.
- Turn-taking skill develops around 18 months.
- Different speech for different audiences (e.g., addressing adults vs. children) develops later, around age 4.
- Most communication skills are learned by age 5.
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Description
This quiz explores the stages of language acquisition in children, focusing on the pre-linguistic and one-word stages. It covers essential concepts like cross-sectional and longitudinal research, and how biological, social, and cultural factors influence language development. Test your knowledge on the predictable patterns and changes in children's language abilities!
