Land of Hope Chapter 9 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main events that created more conflict towards American disunion?

Mexican War of 1846

Austin, Texas is named after which man?

Stephen F Austin

What led to Mexico closing its borders to further American immigration in 1830?

Mexican frustration with American immigrants bringing slavery and not converting to Roman Catholicism.

Who was the Mexican president who caused a rebellion in Texas by abolishing the Mexican Constitution in 1824?

<p>General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle won Texas Independence?

<p>Battle of the San Jacinto River</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two U.S. Presidents ignored Texas's question of annexation?

<p>Andrew Jackson and Martin van Buren</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who advocated for Texas annexation as a manifestation of manifest destiny?

<p>John L. O'Sullivan</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was Texas annexed?

<p>1845</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Mexican War of 1846 start?

<p>After Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to disputed territory, the Mexican army attacked American patrols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the order in which General Taylor defeated Mexican troops?

<p>Monterrey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico City</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treaty ended the Mexican War of 1846?

<p>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (2/2/1848)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, what land was surrendered to the U.S.?

<p>Texas above the Rio Grande, California, Utah, and New Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was gold first found in California and where?

<p>1848, Sutter's Mill, northeast of Sacramento</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historian stated, 'it was almost as if God had kept the gold hidden until the land came into the possession of the American republic.'?

<p>Robert W. Johannsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

<p>1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the Mexican War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was disgusted by the Wilmot Proviso?

<p>Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proposal did Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan suggest as a potential solution to the slavery debate?

<p>Popular Sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

By the end of 1849, what had California done?

<p>Drawn up a constitution and created a state government that outlawed slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was included in the Compromise of 1850?

<ol> <li>California admitted as a free state, 2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, 3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, 4) federal assumption of Texas debt, 5) slave trade abolished in DC, 6) new fugitive slave law</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Crackpot Realism'?

<p>A mistaken belief that the deferral of ideals is more realistic than realizing them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the poem 'What happens to a dream deferred?'?

<p>Langston Hughes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did abolitionist pastor Luther Lee say about the Fugitive Slave Law?

<p>It is treason against God and humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 propose?

<p>It advocated for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who confronted Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts in 1856?

<p>Congressman Preston Brooks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who won the Presidential election of 1856?

<p>James Buchanan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court state in Dred Scott vs. Sandford?

<p>Scott could not sue because he was not a US citizen and Congress lacked the power to deprive property without due process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln's original argument about slavery?

<p>It allowed one class of men to steal from another class the fruit of the latter's labors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Lincoln-Douglas Debates about?

<p>Debates over the issue of slavery with Lincoln opposing its spread to territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Harper's Ferry Raid in 1859?

<p>To seize guns from the arsenal and arm the slaves of the region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln win the 1860 election?

<p>The Democratic party split, allowing Lincoln to win electoral votes from free states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did South Carolina do in 1861 following Lincoln's inauguration?

<p>Seceded from the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?

<p>Jefferson Davis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Congress' last-ditch effort after South Carolina seceded?

<p>Corwin Amendment, which protected slavery where it already existed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conflict Leading to Disunion

  • The Mexican War of 1846 intensified conflicts contributing to American disunion.
  • Stephen F. Austin, known for bringing 300 settlers to Texas by 1825, is a key historical figure.

Immigration and Tensions

  • Mexico closed its borders to American immigration in 1830 due to frustration over slavery and lack of religious conversion.
  • General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna abolished the Mexican Constitution in 1834, igniting rebellion in Texas.

Texas Independence and Annexation

  • The Battle of San Jacinto secured Texas independence from Mexico.
  • Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren declined to address Texas’s annexation.
  • John L. O'Sullivan championed Texas annexation as part of Manifest Destiny, envisioning American progress and freedom.

Territorial Changes

  • Texas was officially annexed in 1845.
  • The Mexican War commenced after General Zachary Taylor's forces clashed with the Mexican army in disputed territory.

Key Military Campaigns

  • General Taylor's victories included the battles of Monterrey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Mexico City.
  • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, concluded the war, with Mexico relinquishing significant land.

Gold Rush and Historical Perspectives

  • Gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in California in 1848, igniting a gold rush.
  • Historian Robert W. Johannsen remarked on the timing of gold discovery in relation to American territorial acquisition.

Slavery Legislation

  • The Wilmot Proviso of 1846 sought to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico but allowed Texas to be a slave state.
  • Senator John C. Calhoun opposed the Wilmot Proviso, voicing strong support for slavery.

Sovereignty and Statehood

  • Popular Sovereignty was proposed by Senator Lewis Cass, allowing territories to decide on slavery.
  • By the end of 1849, California established a state constitution prohibiting slavery.

Compromise of 1850

  • The Compromise included California as a free state and facilitated popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, resolved Texas-New Mexico border issues, and imposed a new fugitive slave law.

Political and Social Unrest

  • "Crackpot Realism" represents a belief in deferring ideals rather than pursuing them actively.
  • Langston Hughes expressed concerns about deferred dreams through his famous poem.

Abolitionist Sentiment

  • Luther Lee, an abolitionist pastor, decried the Fugitive Slave Law as a betrayal of God and humanity.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Consequences

  • The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, proposed by Senator Douglas, sparked violence in Kansas, leading to "Bleeding Kansas."
  • Congressman Preston Brooks assaulted Senator Charles Sumner over the slavery debate.

Presidential Election of 1856

  • James Buchanan won the presidency against John C. Fremont amidst a divided Democratic party.

Supreme Court Rulings

  • The Dred Scott v. Sandford decision declared that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and deemed the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Lincoln's Stance on Slavery

  • Lincoln initially argued that slavery allowed one class to exploit another's labor.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

  • The 1858 debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas heightened national attention on slavery, although Douglas won the election.

John Brown's Raid

  • In 1859, John Brown’s raid aimed to incite a slave uprising by seizing weapons from Harper's Ferry.

Election of 1860 and Secession

  • Lincoln capitalized on the Democratic split, winning the presidency predominantly in free states.
  • South Carolina seceded in 1861, followed by several other Southern states.

Confederacy Leadership

  • Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederate States with Alexander Stephens as vice president.

Final Legislative Efforts

  • The Corwin Amendment, proposed post-secession, aimed to protect slavery in existing states but was never ratified.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key events and figures from Chapter 9 of 'Land of Hope.' This quiz covers significant historical conflicts leading to American disunion and the influence of settlers in Texas. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this important chapter in American history.

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