Lamarckism vs Darwinism Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of Lamarckism?

  • Modifications due to activities or laziness
  • Use and disuse of organs
  • Inheritance of acquired characters
  • Natural selection (correct)

Lamarck believed that changes acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed down to its offspring.

True (A)

What example did Lamarck use to illustrate his theory of the inheritance of acquired characters?

The long neck of the giraffe

Lamarck's theory of evolution is often referred to as ______.

<p>Lamarckism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the Lamarckian principle they illustrate:

<p>Giraffe's neck = Use of organs Iron-smith's strong shoulders = Use of organs Ostrich's wings = Disuse of organs Snake's leglessness = Disuse of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Lamarck's theory ultimately disproven?

<p>It failed to explain the mechanism of inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lamarck's theory of the inheritance of acquired characters is still considered a valid explanation for evolution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Lamarckism and Darwinism?

<p>Lamarckism suggests that organisms acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to offspring; Darwinism focuses on natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully, passing on those traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of observing animal diversity?

<p>Collect data on plant species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the aims is to eradicate superstition and rigid customs in society.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility of an environmental guard?

<p>To conserve the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aim of inspiring society to care for the environment focuses on __________.

<p>conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following topics with their objectives:

<p>Biotechnology = Aware farmers of advantages Energy Crisis = Adopt proper lifestyle Diet and Nutrition = Change lifestyle for social health Information Communication Technology = Exchange knowledge using the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of government and non-government organizations regarding social health?

<p>To nurture social health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Green energy is considered unimportant in daily life.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the two separate books in science and technology?

<p>To facilitate an integrated approach to teaching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students are expected to learn all ten chapters of science and technology part 2 in one session.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should individuals do to tackle the energy crisis?

<p>Adopt a proper lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be conducted at the end of each session according to the academic planning?

<p>A written examination for 40 marks and a practical examination for 10 marks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The academic planning emphasizes the need for an __________ approach to science and technology.

<p>integrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the chapters from science and technology part 2 with their corresponding topics:

<ol> <li>Heredity and Evolution = A. Study of microorganisms</li> <li>Environmental management = B. Principles and applications in living organisms</li> <li>Introduction to Microbiology = C. Balance between human activities and the environment</li> <li>Cell Biology and Biotechnology = D. Genetic inheritance and species development</li> <li>Social health = E. Health aspects related to society</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter focuses on the classification of living organisms?

<p>Animal Classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first five chapters of the textbook are expected to be taught in the second session.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction involves the formation of a new organism without the involvement of gametes?

<p>Asexual reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution is advised against while using information communication technology?

<p>To understand dangers such as cybercrimes and take precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from the parent organism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of karyokinesis during mitosis?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which single-celled organisms, such as Amoeba and Paramecium, reproduce asexually?

<p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

In asexual reproduction, new organisms have _____ genetic similarity with the parent.

<p>exact</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sister chromatids separate during the metaphase stage of mitosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the physical division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis?

<p>cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the advantage of asexual reproduction?

<p>Faster reproduction process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chromosome number doubles from _____ to _____ before any type of cell division.

<p>2n, 4n</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organism to its method of asexual reproduction:

<p>Amoeba = Binary fission Paramecium = Binary fission Bacteria = Binary fission Euglena = Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

All organisms that reproduce asexually do so exclusively through binary fission.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms between the centromere of each chromosome and the centrioles during metaphase?

<p>Spindle fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During anaphase, the nuclear membrane starts to disappear.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the creation of new organisms from a single parent?

<p>Uniparental reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure of a chromosome is primarily _____ and consists of two sister chromatids.

<p>X-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each phase of mitosis with its description:

<p>Prophase = Condensation of chromosomes begins Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear membrane reforms and cell prepares to divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetyl-CoA in cellular respiration?

<p>Energy production through the Krebs cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis is also known as the Krebs cycle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the cyclical reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

<p>Sir Hans Krebs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process that converts fatty acids and amino acids into acetyl-CoA is called ______.

<p>oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is true?

<p>It can occur in bacteria that cannot live in oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions:

<p>Gustav Embden = Glycolysis discovery Otto Meyerhof = Glycolysis discovery Jacob Parnas = Glycolysis discovery Sir Hans Krebs = Krebs cycle discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

During glycolysis, glucose is converted into ______.

<p>pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fermentation is a process that occurs only in the presence of oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diversity in Animals

Observing and analyzing different species of animals using various tools.

Animal Classification

Describing and categorizing animals scientifically based on their characteristics.

Environmental Guards

Individuals responsible for conserving the environment and following related laws.

Disaster Management

Planning and acting to reduce the impacts of disasters on society.

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Biotechnology Awareness

Educating society about biotechnology’s benefits and challenges.

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Energy Crisis

A significant shortage of energy resources and its implications.

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Green Energy

Sustainable energy sources that minimize environmental impact.

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Information Communication Technology (ICT)

Using technology to manage and exchange information efficiently.

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Predictive Ability

The capability to forecast outcomes based on collected science and technology data.

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Cybercrime Awareness

Understanding the risks associated with cyber activities and how to take precautions.

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ICT in Daily Life

Effective utilization of information and communication technology in everyday activities.

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Integrated Teaching Approach

Combining various aspects of science and technology in education for better understanding.

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Environmental Management

Strategies and practices aimed at protecting the natural environment from degradation.

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Microbiology Introduction

Basic concepts and significance of microbiology in science and health.

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Disaster Management Principles

Strategies to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters effectively.

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Acetyl-CoA production

Acetyl-CoA is formed from fatty acids and amino acids for energy.

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Krebs Cycle

A cyclical series of reactions in mitochondria for complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

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Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway

Another name for the glycolysis pathway discovered by three scientists.

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Anaerobic respiration

A process some organisms use to produce energy without oxygen.

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Glycolysis

The biochemical process that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid.

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Fermentation

The anaerobic process that converts pyruvic acid into different products for energy.

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Sir Hans Krebs

Scientist who discovered the Krebs cycle and won a Nobel Prize for it.

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Energy from substrates

Energy is derived from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats through metabolic pathways.

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Lamarckism

The theory proposing that organisms evolve through acquired traits passed to offspring.

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Inherited Acquired Characters

Traits gained during an organism's life that are believed to be passed to offspring.

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Use or Disuse Principle

Lamarck's idea that organs develop or degenerate based on usage.

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Examples of Lamarckism

Instances where traits were thought to evolve from use like giraffes’ necks.

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Giraffe's Neck Evolution

Lamarck's claim that giraffes' long necks evolved from reaching tall leaves.

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Aoacquisition of traits

Lamarck's theory states that activities lead to changes that can be inherited.

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Disproof of Lamarckism

Scientific evidence showed acquired traits are not passed to offspring, disproving Lamarck's theory.

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Evolutionary Change

Transformations in organisms over generations, influenced by their actions.

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Chromosome Number Doubling

Before cell division, chromosomes double from 2n to 4n.

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Shapes of Chromosomes

Chromosomes are thread-like structures that become thick during division.

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Mitosis Process

Mitosis occurs in somatic and stem cells in two main steps: karyokinesis and cytokinesis.

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Karyokinesis Steps

Karyokinesis includes four phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

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Prophase

In Prophase, chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane disappears.

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Metaphase

Metaphase is when chromosomes align at the cell center; no nuclear membrane is present.

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Anaphase

In Anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

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Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, dividing the cytoplasm.

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Maintenance of Species

The processes that ensure the survival and continuation of a species.

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Reproduction

Process by which new organisms of a species are formed.

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Asexual Reproduction

Formation of new organism without gametes, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

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Binary Fission

A type of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two identical organisms.

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Uniparental Reproduction

Reproduction involving only one parent, producing identical offspring.

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Cell Division

The process by which a parent cell divides to form new cells, crucial for reproduction.

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Genetic Similarity

The degree to which two organisms share the same genetic makeup.

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Prokaryotes

Simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often reproduce asexually.

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Study Notes

Science and Technology, Standard Ten, Part 2

  • Covers a range of scientific and technological topics, including evolution, fundamental duties, and various aspects of science and technology in daily life.
  • Includes diagrams and images illustrating discussed concepts.
  • Contains practical activities for learners to perform, and observe.
  • Discusses various types of energy generation in detail, focusing on both traditional and modern methods.
  • Explores the role of various microorganisms in useful processes for humans.
  • Covers the science of classification of living organisms, explaining different types of classifications.
  • Explains the different aspects of disaster management, including causes, effects, and preventive measures.
  • Discusses social health, including relevant factors and ways to manage stress, mental conditions, and the use of technology in modern times.

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