أسئلة بيو عملي أولى

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a purple tube in blood collection?

Used for blood glucose tests

Used for complete blood count (CBC) (correct)

Used for coagulation tests

Used for blood serum separation

What should the angle of needle insertion be during a venipuncture?

15-30 degrees (correct)

0 degrees

45-60 degrees

90 degrees

Which of the following tubes does not require mixing after collection?

Blue tube

Grey tube

Plain red tube (correct)

Purple tube

Which anticoagulant is used in the green tube?

Heparin Signup and view all the answers

What is the specimen of choice for most routine laboratory tests?

Venous sample Signup and view all the answers

During venipuncture, what is the recommended action for sanitizing the site?

Cleanse with 70% alcohol in circular motion Signup and view all the answers

What is a key precaution to take before performing a venipuncture?

Ensure patient is fasting Signup and view all the answers

Which concentration term is expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution?

Molarity Signup and view all the answers

Which concentration term remains unaffected by temperature changes?

Molality Signup and view all the answers

How should a needle be disposed of after use?

By immediately placing it in a safety box without re-capping Signup and view all the answers

Normality is defined as the number of equivalents of solute per what?

Liter of solution Signup and view all the answers

How is molarity calculated?

Moles of solute divided by volume of the solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.5 moles of solute in 1 liter of solution?

0.5 M Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concentration expressed as moles per kilogram of solvent?

Molality Signup and view all the answers

Which concentration term is directly affected by temperature?

Molarity Signup and view all the answers

Normality is based on which measurement?

The number of equivalents of solute Signup and view all the answers

What concentration of blood glucose is generally considered to trigger glucosuria?

180 mg/dl or higher Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test requires fasting before it can be conducted?

Fasting blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for plasma glucose levels?

70-110 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes a situation where a person is experiencing hypoglycemia?

Plasma glucose level less than 60 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT required to use a glucometer?

Test tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the colorimeter used for glucose measurement?

Glucose oxidase method Signup and view all the answers

How is glucose concentration determined in a glucometer?

Through a capillary blood sample Signup and view all the answers

What wavelength range is typically used by a colorimeter for measuring glucose concentration?

490-540 nm Signup and view all the answers

What color is produced when two peptide bonds form in an alkaline media to create a copper protein complex?

Violet Signup and view all the answers

How is the measured absorption of total plasma protein related to protein concentration?

Directly proportional to protein concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for glucose testing?

Alcohol swab Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recognized as the most accurate for detecting plasma protein?

Electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

Which active reagent is used in measuring glucose in a specific test?

Glucose oxidase and peroxidase Signup and view all the answers

Which test is particularly used to detect proteins present in very low concentrations?

ELISA Signup and view all the answers

Glucose detection in urine relies on which combination of reactions?

Double enzymatic reaction Signup and view all the answers

In a colorimetric assay, the intensity of the violet color is proportional to what?

The number of peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein fraction migrates closest to the anode during electrophoresis?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is essential for glucose detection in urine?

Glucose oxidase Signup and view all the answers

What substance does glucose oxidase convert glucose into?

Gluconic acid + H2O2 Signup and view all the answers

What color change indicates the presence of proteins in urine using the urinary test strip method?

Green Signup and view all the answers

At what blood glucose level does glucose start to appear in urine?

180 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding acetic acid during the heat coagulation test?

To enhance protein coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What defines hyperglycemia in terms of blood glucose levels?

Above 140 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What blood glucose level indicates hypoglycemia?

Below 70 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is serum lipase level most likely to increase?

Acute pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which isoenzymes are elevated in myocardial infarction?

LDH1 and LDH2 Signup and view all the answers

What type of enzyme is lipoprotein lipase classified as?

Non-functional plasma enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes exists as a dimer?

Lactate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme shows elevated serum levels in carcinoma of the prostate?

Serum alkaline phosphatase Signup and view all the answers

What describes the mechanism underlying isoenzymes?

Post-translation modification Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an example of a tetramer?

Lactate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Which isoenzymes would you expect to be elevated in liver disease?

LDH1 and LDH2 Signup and view all the answers

What wavelength does a colorimeter measure glucose concentration most effectively?

320 nm Signup and view all the answers

What method is specifically indicated by the use of a urine strip test?

Urine strip test Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood sample is typically used for biochemical testing of glucose levels?

Venous blood Signup and view all the answers

A glucometer reading that is above the renal threshold indicates which condition?

Above renal threshold Signup and view all the answers

In a colorimetric assay, how is the absorption related to glucose concentration?

Directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before using a chemical in the laboratory?

Read the label and understand the hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is a proper method for heating a test tube?

Use a towel or test tube holder Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you encounter a fire in the laboratory?

Alert others, evacuate safely, and call for help Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to handle leftover chemicals after an experiment?

Dispose of them following proper guidelines Signup and view all the answers

When should gloves be worn in the laboratory?

Whenever there is a risk of hand contact with any hazardous material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fundamental rule of laboratory safety?

Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should you avoid doing in the laboratory?

Eating or drinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a correct practice when handling glassware in the laboratory?

Dispose of broken glassware in a regular trash bin Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a polar molecule?

An uneven distribution of charge resulting in positive and negative poles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a nonpolar molecule?

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) Signup and view all the answers

What does polarity refer to in a molecule?

The distribution of electrons within the molecule Signup and view all the answers

A molecule is classified as polar if it has:

An uneven distribution of electron density Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a homogeneous solution?

A solution where solute particles are evenly distributed throughout the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that is dissolved in a solution?

Solute Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with a crystalloid?

Visible to the naked eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the particle size range defining a colloid?

1-1000 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the active reagent used in glucose measurement?

Glucose oxidase and peroxidase Signup and view all the answers

Glucose detection in urine is dependent on which type of enzymatic reaction?

Double enzymatic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What component is necessary for glucose detection in urine?

Glucose oxidase Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose level?

70-110 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a piece of glassware gets broken in the laboratory?

Notify the teacher and dispose of it in a special glass container. Signup and view all the answers

Hyperglycemia indicates that blood glucose levels are:

Above 140 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia is characterized by blood glucose levels:

Below 60 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should NOT be taken when dealing with an eye burn?

Rub the eye if a foreign object is lodged. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice when heating a test tube?

Move it slowly over the flame to distribute heat evenly. Signup and view all the answers

When should approved eye protection devices be worn in the laboratory?

Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used. Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a laboratory fire, what is the most appropriate first action?

Notify your instructor right away. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to handle cut and bruises in the laboratory?

Press directly on minor cuts to stop bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding chemical waste disposal is correct after an experiment?

Dispose of chemical waste in designated containers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action regarding personal behavior during lab work?

Keep hands away from your face. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps to perform venipuncture?

Apply a tourniquet, clean the site, insert the needle, release the tourniquet Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a patient's arm during venipuncture?

Bend at a 90 degree angle Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the flow of blood during venipuncture is experiencing difficulty?

Remove the needle and try a different site Signup and view all the answers

Once blood is collected, what is the next immediate step?

Label the blood sample and deliver it to the laboratory Signup and view all the answers

Which site is generally recommended for venous sampling in adults?

Antecubital fossa Signup and view all the answers

What type of tube is typically required for collecting venous blood samples?

Purple top tube Signup and view all the answers

How should a needle be inserted into the vein during venous sampling?

Parallel to the skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential complication of venous sampling?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biological Hazards

Blood, body fluids containing bacteria and viruses are biological hazards.

Chemical Hazards

Acids, alkalis, and toxic chemicals are chemical hazards.

Radiological Hazards

Ineffective radioactive waste is a radiological hazard.

General Safety Rules

Read instructions carefully before starting an experiment.
Keep hands away from face during lab work.
Never mix chemicals unless instructed.
Notify teacher of any spills or accidents.

Glassware Safety

Report broken glassware to the teacher and dispose of it in the special container.
When pouring liquids, ensure the glassware is at least a hand's breadth from the edge of the table.

Heating Safety

Use protective gloves for handling hot objects.
Never reach across an open flame.
Always point the heated ends of test tubes away from people.
Move test tubes slowly over the flame to distribute heat evenly.
Only heat dry glassware.
Use a wire gauze platform on a ring stand to heat glassware, do not hold it in your hand.

First Aid (Burns)

Flush burns with water.

First Aid (Cuts and Bruises)

Do not touch open wounds without safety gloves.
Apply direct pressure to minor cuts to stop bleeding.
Apply cold compress to bruises to reduce swelling.

First Aid (Eye Burns)

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water.
Do not rub if a foreign object is lodged in the eye.

Laboratory Fire

Notify your instructor immediately.
Use a fire extinguisher.
Alert others, evacuate safely, and call for help.

Leftover Chemicals

Dispose of chemicals according to instructions.

Broken Glass

Tell the teacher.
Sweep up the glass and put it where the teacher directs.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Wearing PPE is important in a laboratory to protect against hazards.
Safety goggles, lab coats, gloves, face masks, and hair coverings are examples of PPE.

Lab Safety Equipment

Safety goggles are essential safety equipment in a lab.
Lab coats, gloves, face masks, and hair coverings are also PPE.

Heating Test Tubes

Hold test tubes with a test tube holder.
Point the open end away from people during heating.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.