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Questions and Answers
What is considered a negative secondary effect of a laboratory accident?
What is considered a negative secondary effect of a laboratory accident?
Which of the following is a responsibility of a Laboratory director?
Which of the following is a responsibility of a Laboratory director?
What is a key responsibility of a Quality manager in a laboratory?
What is a key responsibility of a Quality manager in a laboratory?
What should be prioritized in laboratory design concerning patient samples?
What should be prioritized in laboratory design concerning patient samples?
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Who is responsible for understanding safety and biosafety management issues?
Who is responsible for understanding safety and biosafety management issues?
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What is a necessary skill for ensuring proper laboratory safety?
What is a necessary skill for ensuring proper laboratory safety?
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a Laboratorian?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a Laboratorian?
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What should be included in a laboratory safety program?
What should be included in a laboratory safety program?
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What is the primary purpose of organizing work benches according to the type of analysis performed?
What is the primary purpose of organizing work benches according to the type of analysis performed?
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Which cleaning task is generally assigned to the technical staff in a laboratory?
Which cleaning task is generally assigned to the technical staff in a laboratory?
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Who is primarily responsible for developing a safety management program in a laboratory setting?
Who is primarily responsible for developing a safety management program in a laboratory setting?
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What should be included in safety training for laboratory staff?
What should be included in safety training for laboratory staff?
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What is a key aspect of risk assessment in laboratory safety management?
What is a key aspect of risk assessment in laboratory safety management?
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Which safety practice should be prohibited in laboratory work areas?
Which safety practice should be prohibited in laboratory work areas?
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Why is it important to properly store chemicals in the laboratory?
Why is it important to properly store chemicals in the laboratory?
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What type of waste should be collected in sharps containers?
What type of waste should be collected in sharps containers?
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What is a common practice to reduce exposure to aerosols in the laboratory?
What is a common practice to reduce exposure to aerosols in the laboratory?
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What is the purpose of a fire drill in a laboratory setting?
What is the purpose of a fire drill in a laboratory setting?
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What type of information should be recorded during laboratory cleaning?
What type of information should be recorded during laboratory cleaning?
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What should laboratory personnel do after handling hazardous materials and before leaving the laboratory?
What should laboratory personnel do after handling hazardous materials and before leaving the laboratory?
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For which type of hazards should laboratory personnel be trained in disposal techniques?
For which type of hazards should laboratory personnel be trained in disposal techniques?
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What type of safety equipment is essential for dealing with chemical spills?
What type of safety equipment is essential for dealing with chemical spills?
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What is the primary reason for locating the reception desk close to the entry door?
What is the primary reason for locating the reception desk close to the entry door?
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Which method is NOT suggested for restricting access to hazardous areas in the laboratory?
Which method is NOT suggested for restricting access to hazardous areas in the laboratory?
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What is crucial to preventing cross-contamination during laboratory testing?
What is crucial to preventing cross-contamination during laboratory testing?
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What is the recommended location for service rooms such as autoclaves and sinks?
What is the recommended location for service rooms such as autoclaves and sinks?
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For fluorescence microscopy, which condition is essential for its operation?
For fluorescence microscopy, which condition is essential for its operation?
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Which material is NOT recommended for laboratory benchtops due to cleaning difficulties?
Which material is NOT recommended for laboratory benchtops due to cleaning difficulties?
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Why is it important to manage the disposal of liquid wastes in laboratories?
Why is it important to manage the disposal of liquid wastes in laboratories?
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What type of equipment requires consideration of stable power supply and backup systems?
What type of equipment requires consideration of stable power supply and backup systems?
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Which guideline should be followed regarding the circulation pathways of laboratory materials?
Which guideline should be followed regarding the circulation pathways of laboratory materials?
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What is necessary for the recording and filing of analysis results?
What is necessary for the recording and filing of analysis results?
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What is an essential feature for laboratory walls and ceilings?
What is an essential feature for laboratory walls and ceilings?
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Which of the following is a guideline for laboratory floor materials?
Which of the following is a guideline for laboratory floor materials?
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Where should the molecular biology activities occur to avoid contamination?
Where should the molecular biology activities occur to avoid contamination?
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Which factor should be avoided when planning physical access to laboratory equipment?
Which factor should be avoided when planning physical access to laboratory equipment?
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What must be done with compressed gas cylinders in a laboratory?
What must be done with compressed gas cylinders in a laboratory?
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Which procedure is recommended for handling needles?
Which procedure is recommended for handling needles?
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What key information should labels on chemicals include?
What key information should labels on chemicals include?
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What is the primary function of gloves in a laboratory setting?
What is the primary function of gloves in a laboratory setting?
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Which of the following items is NOT considered a sharp for disposal purposes?
Which of the following items is NOT considered a sharp for disposal purposes?
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What should be done with gloves after leaving the working area?
What should be done with gloves after leaving the working area?
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What is the main route of entry for chemicals into the body when working with solvents?
What is the main route of entry for chemicals into the body when working with solvents?
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Why is it important to use goggles when handling infectious materials?
Why is it important to use goggles when handling infectious materials?
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Which of the following best describes the role of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
Which of the following best describes the role of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
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Which of the following items is considered a form of body protection?
Which of the following items is considered a form of body protection?
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What should be done with contaminated laboratory glass before disposal?
What should be done with contaminated laboratory glass before disposal?
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What is recommended for adequate eye protection when manipulating potentially hazardous liquids?
What is recommended for adequate eye protection when manipulating potentially hazardous liquids?
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What is a primary concern regarding aerosols in diagnostic laboratories?
What is a primary concern regarding aerosols in diagnostic laboratories?
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What is a key practice when using gloves in a laboratory?
What is a key practice when using gloves in a laboratory?
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How should highly reactive chemicals be stored?
How should highly reactive chemicals be stored?
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Which of the following should be avoided when disposing of sharps?
Which of the following should be avoided when disposing of sharps?
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What hierarchy does the CDC recommend for laboratory safety?
What hierarchy does the CDC recommend for laboratory safety?
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Which of the following materials should be worn under all circumstances in level 2 laboratories?
Which of the following materials should be worn under all circumstances in level 2 laboratories?
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Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is most commonly recommended according to MSDS?
Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is most commonly recommended according to MSDS?
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What can happen to gloves if they are washed or decontaminated?
What can happen to gloves if they are washed or decontaminated?
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What should be done if non-biohazardous sharps are disposed of incorrectly?
What should be done if non-biohazardous sharps are disposed of incorrectly?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended type of eye protection?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended type of eye protection?
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What is a crucial action to take when a chemical is spilled in the laboratory?
What is a crucial action to take when a chemical is spilled in the laboratory?
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What type of gloves should laboratory staff primarily use?
What type of gloves should laboratory staff primarily use?
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What is the role of masks in a laboratory?
What is the role of masks in a laboratory?
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What type of respirators may be used for respiratory protection?
What type of respirators may be used for respiratory protection?
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What material blend is commonly used for lab coats to enhance their fire-retardant properties?
What material blend is commonly used for lab coats to enhance their fire-retardant properties?
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Which type of protective garment offers a broad barrier against splashes and is commonly used in higher-risk environments?
Which type of protective garment offers a broad barrier against splashes and is commonly used in higher-risk environments?
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What is a characteristic feature of safety goggles compared to safety glasses?
What is a characteristic feature of safety goggles compared to safety glasses?
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What feature should safety glasses have to ensure adequate protection against splashes?
What feature should safety glasses have to ensure adequate protection against splashes?
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Why should gloves not be reused or disinfected before disposal?
Why should gloves not be reused or disinfected before disposal?
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Which type of gloves is primarily used for protection against biological hazards?
Which type of gloves is primarily used for protection against biological hazards?
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When should safety goggles be required over safety glasses?
When should safety goggles be required over safety glasses?
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Which characteristic is essential when selecting gloves for laboratory work?
Which characteristic is essential when selecting gloves for laboratory work?
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What is the main purpose of wearing face shields in addition to safety glasses or goggles?
What is the main purpose of wearing face shields in addition to safety glasses or goggles?
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What is a key reason to regularly clean safety glasses?
What is a key reason to regularly clean safety glasses?
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What is a common feature of chemical-resistant aprons?
What is a common feature of chemical-resistant aprons?
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What is important to check when selecting a gown for protection?
What is important to check when selecting a gown for protection?
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What should be done if gloves show signs of contamination?
What should be done if gloves show signs of contamination?
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What should laboratory footwear primarily protect against?
What should laboratory footwear primarily protect against?
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What is a key responsibility of employees regarding PPE?
What is a key responsibility of employees regarding PPE?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in a PPE program?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a PPE program?
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What is an example of PPE that may be used in high containment laboratory settings?
What is an example of PPE that may be used in high containment laboratory settings?
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During risk assessment, what should laboratories consider to select appropriate PPE?
During risk assessment, what should laboratories consider to select appropriate PPE?
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When might additional PPE be required beyond standard recommendations?
When might additional PPE be required beyond standard recommendations?
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Why is it important for laboratories to have a dress code?
Why is it important for laboratories to have a dress code?
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What must employers provide to all employees regarding PPE?
What must employers provide to all employees regarding PPE?
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Which of the following is typically recommended in BSL-2 laboratory settings?
Which of the following is typically recommended in BSL-2 laboratory settings?
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What is a major consideration when selecting PPE for laboratory work?
What is a major consideration when selecting PPE for laboratory work?
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Which item is not considered PPE in a laboratory setting?
Which item is not considered PPE in a laboratory setting?
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What is the purpose of disposable sleeve guards?
What is the purpose of disposable sleeve guards?
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What is essential for laboratory management regarding PPE use?
What is essential for laboratory management regarding PPE use?
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What can help limit the transfer of hazardous materials to personal clothing?
What can help limit the transfer of hazardous materials to personal clothing?
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What is a potential drawback of latex gloves?
What is a potential drawback of latex gloves?
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What type of gloves is preferred for handling liquid nitrogen or dry ice?
What type of gloves is preferred for handling liquid nitrogen or dry ice?
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Which type of glove is typically used for handling strong corrosives such as acids?
Which type of glove is typically used for handling strong corrosives such as acids?
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What is a characteristic of PAPRs compared to tight-fitting respirators?
What is a characteristic of PAPRs compared to tight-fitting respirators?
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Why are N95 respirators commonly used in clinical lab settings?
Why are N95 respirators commonly used in clinical lab settings?
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Which gloves are flexible and ideal for handling corrosives, acids, or solvents?
Which gloves are flexible and ideal for handling corrosives, acids, or solvents?
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What type of respirator is characterized by being oil proof?
What type of respirator is characterized by being oil proof?
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Which gloves provide moderate abrasion resistance but have limited flexibility?
Which gloves provide moderate abrasion resistance but have limited flexibility?
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Which of the following statements about facemasks is true?
Which of the following statements about facemasks is true?
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What should be consulted to verify the chemical compatibility of gloves?
What should be consulted to verify the chemical compatibility of gloves?
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What is the primary purpose of a respiratory protection program?
What is the primary purpose of a respiratory protection program?
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Which of these gloves is known for being liquid-proof and suitable for specialized chemical applications?
Which of these gloves is known for being liquid-proof and suitable for specialized chemical applications?
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What type of respirator uses HEPA filtered air to push air away from the face?
What type of respirator uses HEPA filtered air to push air away from the face?
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Which masks are not approved for protection against regulated hazardous materials?
Which masks are not approved for protection against regulated hazardous materials?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Safety Overview
- A safety program is crucial for protecting employees, patients, equipment, and the environment.
- Negligence can lead to loss of reputation, customers, and increased costs due to litigation.
- Quality and safety are primary concerns for laboratory managers; they must actively engage in facility design.
- All roles in the laboratory, including directors, managers, and technicians, share responsibility for safety.
Laboratory Design Principles
- Patients and biological samples must have separate pathways to avoid cross-contamination.
- Reception desks should be near entry points for efficiency in patient management.
- Access to hazardous areas must be restricted to authorized personnel, using locks and identification badges.
- Evaluate flow of samples throughout various laboratory processes to identify contamination risk areas.
- Design must include effective communication systems for efficient operation and message transfer.
Geographic and Spatial Organization
- Laboratories should be divided into areas with different access controls to maintain safety.
- Group related laboratory activities in designated areas to minimize cross-contamination.
- Centralize service rooms for equipment maintenance to reduce material circulation distance.
- Special requirements include separate rooms for molecular biology and specific equipment needs (e.g., fluorescence microscopy).
Physical Premises Considerations
- Labs must have active ventilation systems and high ceilings for proper airflow.
- Surfaces should be easy to clean; avoid materials that harbor contaminants, such as untreated wood.
- Workbenches must allow for efficient organization of tools and SOPs.
- Regular cleaning schedules are vital to maintain hygiene in the laboratory environment.
Safety Management Program Components
- Develop a manual detailing safety and biosafety protocols for laboratory operations.
- Conduct regular training on hazards and safety practices, including use of PPE and emergency procedures.
- Implement risk assessments and audits to continually improve safety measures.
- Establish protocols for waste management to ensure proper disposal of hazardous materials.
Risk Identification and Management
- Conduct comprehensive risk assessments to manage potential hazards for laboratory staff.
- Record accidents and exposures to improve safety protocols and prevent future incidents.
- Specific training is necessary for operating potentially dangerous equipment and managing hazardous materials.
Chemical Safety Practices
- Understand the main routes of chemical exposure: inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion.
- Proper labeling of chemicals is essential, including indicating their hazards and safety precautions.
- Store chemicals according to compatibility to prevent dangerous reactions.
- Maintain and reference Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all hazardous materials used in the laboratory.
Laboratory-Acquired Infections
- Laboratory-acquired infections, particularly from aerosols, are a significant risk in medical laboratories.
- Implement strict protocols to minimize exposure and ensure proper handling of all biological materials.### Containment Systems in Laboratories
- Major aim of containment systems is to block aerosol diffusion in laboratories.
- Containment level 2 labs require proper ventilation for moderate risk pathogens.
- Higher containment labs must maintain continuous inward airflow and absolute filtration to prevent aerosol dissemination.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Work-related infections can occur via inhalation, percutaneous inoculation, contaminated materials contact, or accidental ingestion.
- Access to PPE and staff training on proper use are essential.
- Approved eye and face protection, including goggles and masks, must be used outside biosafety cabinets.
- Gloves should be routinely available, removed when leaving work areas, and not reused.
Eye Protection
- Goggles protect against droplet projection and should be worn when opening patient samples.
- Face shields or screens are recommended when handling hazardous liquids.
- Contact lenses do not offer adequate splash protection and should be accompanied by additional eye protection.
Masks and Respirators
- Masks serve as barriers against splashes and sprays, while laboratory coats are mandatory in level 2 labs.
- Fire-resistant materials are crucial for lab coats due to flammability risks.
- Respiratory protection is necessary for hazardous aerosols, with types including N95 and P100.
Types of PPE
- Body protection includes lab coats, gowns, and aprons.
- Eye and face protection such as safety glasses and goggles provide basic and enhanced protection against chemical splashes.
- Hand protection involves various gloves like latex, nitrile, and chemical-resistant gloves, each providing varying levels of chemical and biological protection.
Glove Usage
- Latex gloves offer protection against biological hazards but may cause allergic reactions.
- Nitrile gloves are commonly used for protection against biological and chemical hazards.
- Insulated gloves protect against extreme temperatures during laboratory procedures.
- Chemical-resistant gloves must be selected based on chemical compatibility.
Respiratory Protection
- Respirators protect against airborne hazards, with filtration efficiency ratings available.
- N95 masks are standard in clinical settings, requiring medical evaluation and fit testing.
- PAPRs provide positive pressure and purified airflow but do not require a tight facial seal.
Footwear and Additional Protection
- Closed-toed shoes are mandatory; sandals and open footwear are prohibited.
- Disposable shoe covers may be necessary in high-containment settings.
- Sleeve guards enhance protection of wrists and arms during laboratory work.
Dress Code and Safety Protocols
- Laboratory dress codes typically include tying back long hair, wearing long pants, and selecting fire-resistant natural fibers.
- Policies should be tailored based on risk assessment, ensuring safety from contamination and hazardous materials.### PPE Program Requirements
- Implement a PPE program including hazard identification and risk mitigation.
- Ensure selection, maintenance, and correct usage of PPE.
- Provide thorough PPE training for employees.
- Monitor the effectiveness of the PPE program regularly.
- Supply PPE to staff at no cost.
PPE Selection Considerations
- Ensure compliance with national and state-specific safety standards.
- Allow for PPE combinations suitable for various labs and work environments.
- Provide a range of sizes for staff selection and comfort.
- Select PPE that minimizes hazardous material transfer to clothing and skin.
- Assess PPE effectiveness as a primary barrier against infectious substances and chemicals.
- Conduct laboratory process/task risk assessments to identify hazards and select appropriate PPE.
Laboratory Safety Practices
- Consider specimen types, facility capabilities, staff qualifications, and available safety equipment in risk assessments.
- Enforce a comprehensive Safety Plan outlining tasks, associated hazards, and required PPE.
- Employers must train workers on when and what kind of PPE is necessary, and proper methods to don, adjust, wear, and doff it.
- Educate employees on the limitations and correct maintenance and disposal of PPE.
Training and Competency
- Laboratory management must ensure staff demonstrate the ability to use PPE correctly before performing work.
- Retraining may be mandated if work conditions change or if proper PPE use is not demonstrated.
- Conduct hazard assessments to identify suitable PPE based on laboratory risk evaluations.
Employee Responsibilities
- Employees must wear and use PPE correctly and dispose of it properly.
- Attend required training sessions related to PPE.
- Notify management if new or additional PPE is needed.
Exposure Risks and Laboratory PPE
- Appropriate PPE is crucial in case of exposure to hazardous chemicals and infectious materials.
- Proper laboratory attire minimizes skin exposure risks.
- Laboratories must establish lab-specific PPE policies based on risk assessments.
Biological Safety Level (BSL-2) Operations
- Most clinical laboratories function at a BSL-2 operational level for routine work.
- Follow CDC recommended standard precautions and BMBL safety practices for effective hazard management in clinical settings.
- Typical PPE for BSL-2 includes lab coats or gowns, nitrile gloves, safety glasses or face shields, and respiratory protection as needed.
- Additional PPE may be warranted based on specific risk assessments for particular tasks or settings.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 2 of Laboratory Safety, focusing on facilities and safety overview. It emphasizes the importance of a laboratory safety program in protecting employees, patients, and the environment. Additionally, it discusses the potential consequences of negligence in laboratory safety.
