Laboratory Safety and Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the secondary effects of laboratory accidents highlighted in the text?

Loss of reputation, loss of customers/income, negative effect on staff retention, and increased costs due to litigation and insurance.

What role does a laboratory director play in ensuring safety during the design of new facilities?

The laboratory director must actively participate in the design and planning stages to ensure a safe environment for laboratory activities.

What responsibilities does a Quality Manager have regarding personnel safety training?

A Quality Manager must ensure that personnel are trained in basic safety rules and their specific duties when new activities or techniques are introduced.

How should a laboratorian manage their awareness regarding biosafety?

<p>Laboratorians should understand the basics of safety and biosafety management when working with toxic chemicals, biological samples, and physical hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a required action when developing new laboratory activities?

<p>An extensive risk assessment must be performed to identify potential hazards associated with new activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider laboratory organization when developing new diagnostics?

<p>Proper organization of the laboratory is necessary to facilitate safe workflows and reduce the risk of accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does active engagement in safety audits entail for a Quality Manager?

<p>A Quality Manager must regularly conduct laboratory safety audits to ensure compliance with safety protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a laboratory facility avoid in its design to enhance patient safety?

<p>The design should avoid common pathways for patients and patient samples to prevent cross-contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major disadvantage of using steel for laboratory benchtops?

<p>Steel will rust when washed with chlorine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should work benches in microbiology areas be organized based on the types of samples analyzed?

<p>To minimize risks of cross-contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should benchtops be cleaned and disinfected in a laboratory?

<p>After completing examinations and any spills of samples or reagents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of the laboratory safety officer?

<p>To develop a manual for safety and biosafety procedures in the laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one personal protective equipment (PPE) required in laboratory safety practices.

<p>Gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practice should be prohibited to prevent contamination in the lab?

<p>Mouth pipetting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the proper storage condition for flammable chemicals.

<p>Flammable chemicals should be stored in flammable storage cabinets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with sharps and needles in the laboratory?

<p>They should be disposed of in designated sharps containers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting regular risk assessments in the laboratory?

<p>To identify and correct potential safety problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cleaning frequency is suggested for laboratory ceilings and walls?

<p>Weekly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of training should laboratory staff receive to mitigate risks?

<p>Training on universal precautions and infection control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chemicals that pose special hazards be handled?

<p>They should be limited to the minimum quantities required and stored safely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should laboratory waste management procedures include?

<p>Separate waste containers based on the nature of the waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action if spills occur in the laboratory?

<p>Clean and disinfect the area immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of equipment should be available for emergencies in the laboratory?

<p>First aid equipment and emergency showers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What design feature ensures that public access to biological materials is minimized in a laboratory?

<p>Rooms where patient samples are collected should be the only areas for public contact with biological materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can access to rooms where hazardous materials are stored be restricted?

<p>Access can be restricted using signs, locks, and staff identification badges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of locating sample collection areas near the entry door?

<p>It saves time and energy for incoming patients and improves the efficiency of sample collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to separate clean and dirty laboratory material circulation pathways?

<p>To minimize contamination risks during the handling of laboratory samples and materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal location for service rooms in a laboratory?

<p>Service rooms should be located centrally to minimize distances for material and sample circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should molecular biology activities be spatially organized within a laboratory?

<p>They should be conducted in at least two separate rooms to prevent cross-contamination during DNA preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is risk assessment important in a laboratory setting?

<p>Risk assessment is crucial for managing and reducing risks to laboratory employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a safety officer play in a laboratory?

<p>A safety officer assists in identifying potential risks and developing safety procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some considerations for ensuring stable power supply for sensitive equipment in a laboratory?

<p>Laboratories should have a reliable power source and a backup power supply for emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be recorded when laboratory staff are exposed to hazards?

<p>Records of staff exposures, actions taken, and procedures to prevent future occurrences must be kept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider liquid waste disposal when placing equipment in a laboratory?

<p>Proper planning for liquid waste disposal is necessary to prevent contamination and comply with regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main routes through which toxic chemicals can enter the body?

<p>The three main routes are inhalation, absorption through skin, and ingestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flooring is recommended for laboratory environments and why?

<p>Floors should be easy to clean, disinfect, and have no edges to prevent contamination accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials are suggested for laboratory work benches, and what is a key advantage of using them?

<p>Ceramic tiles are recommended due to their durability and ease of cleaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is training on safety procedures imperative in laboratories?

<p>Training is essential to prevent injuries from equipment like autoclaves and centrifuges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific precautions should be taken when storing compressed gas cylinders?

<p>Cylinders must be chained to the wall and secured with safety caps when not in use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of paint is recommended for laboratory walls and ceilings, and why?

<p>Walls and ceilings should be painted with washable, glossy paint to facilitate cleaning and disinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vital step after the analysis of biological samples in a laboratory?

<p>Results must be accurately recorded, properly filed, and delivered on time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommendation for disposing of sharps in a laboratory?

<p>Sharps should be placed in a puncture-resistant and leak-proof sharps container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of ventilation system is crucial for a laboratory's physical design?

<p>An active ventilation system ensuring proper airflow throughout the laboratory is essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should never be used for the disposal of laboratory glass?

<p>Laboratory glass should never be disposed of in boxes that contain sharps or biohazardous materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can laboratory staff prevent cross-contamination during different laboratory activities?

<p>Activities should be grouped in a single room or clearly delineated spaces for specific tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to label chemicals properly in the laboratory?

<p>Labels provide essential information about hazards, concentrations, and storage requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is provided in a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

<p>MSDS provides hazard information, recommended PPE, first aid, and waste disposal recommendations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique storage requirements exist for radiochemicals?

<p>Radiochemicals require dedicated benches and specific protection materials like plexiglass or lead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should contaminated laboratory glass be decontaminated before disposal?

<p>Decontamination prevents the spread of pathogens and protects waste handlers from exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of laboratory acquired infections, as discussed in the content?

<p>Laboratory acquired infections highlight that risks can never be reduced to zero, even in controlled environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chemicals that can ignite be stored in a laboratory?

<p>They should be stored in a flammables cabinet to prevent accidental ignition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary biological safety level commonly operated by clinical laboratories for routine work?

<p>Biological safety level 2 (BSL-2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two types of personal protective equipment commonly worn in BSL-2 laboratory settings.

<p>Lab coat and nitrile gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the need for additional personal protective equipment in a BSL-2 laboratory?

<p>A risk assessment of the work or the setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is following the CDC recommended standard precautions important in a BSL-2 laboratory?

<p>To ensure safety in healthcare settings and manage sample handling hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of respiratory protection that may be required in certain situations within a BSL-2 lab.

<p>N95 respirator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary roles of laboratory coats in a lab setting?

<p>They act as a barrier against spills and prevent contamination outside the lab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific materials are commonly used to make fire-retardant laboratory coats?

<p>Typically, they are made from 35% polyester and 65% cotton blends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should gowns be properly secured during usage?

<p>Gowns should be secured with a tie or string closure around the back and/or neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to wear safety goggles instead of just safety glasses in certain situations?

<p>Safety goggles provide a protective seal around the eyes, preventing liquid or objects from entering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of safety glasses regarding chemical splash protection?

<p>Safety glasses do not seal to the face, leaving gaps where chemicals can seep through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appropriate use of aprons in the laboratory.

<p>Aprons should be worn when there is an additional splash hazard, particularly with corrosive chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with disposable gloves after use in the laboratory?

<p>Disposable gloves should be discarded immediately and never reused or disinfected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you look for when selecting a gown for lab work?

<p>Look for product labeling that describes the intended use and level of protection required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended cleaning protocol for safety glasses?

<p>Safety glasses should be regularly cleaned with an appropriate cleaner and replaced if damaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to wear a face shield in addition to other PPE?

<p>A face shield is required when there is a splash hazard involving large volumes of hazardous materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised not to wear gloves outside of the laboratory?

<p>Wearing gloves outside the lab can lead to contamination of non-laboratory surfaces and the wearer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the choice of glove material for laboratory safety?

<p>The choice depends on resistance to specific chemicals and the needed dexterity for tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken when using reusable gloves in the lab?

<p>Reusable gloves should be washed routinely and air-dried before reuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What safety standards should safety glasses meet?

<p>Safety glasses should meet the ANSI Z87.1 - 2010 standard for impact and shatter resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary methods recommended by the CDC for ensuring laboratory safety?

<p>The primary methods include eliminating the hazards, substituting with safer options, and implementing engineering and administrative controls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of goggles in a laboratory setting.

<p>Goggles protect the eyes from droplets that may occur when opening patient sample containers, preventing potential contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two important practices for the effective use of gloves in a laboratory.

<p>Remove gloves when leaving the working area and never reuse gloves; dispose of them as contaminated waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must higher containment level laboratories ensure for aerosol management?

<p>They must ensure continuous inward airflow and absolute filtration of exhausted air to prevent aerosol dissemination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the major routes through which laboratory staff acquire infections.

<p>Infections can be acquired through inhalation of aerosols, percutaneous inoculation, contact with mucous membranes, and accidental ingestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are disposable laboratory coats recommended for in level 3 laboratories?

<p>They are compulsory for protecting against highly dangerous pathogens and must be used during specific procedures like sample collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can masks contribute to safety in a laboratory?

<p>Masks act as a barrier to protect against splashes or sprays that may expose users to hazardous materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the need for specific types of PPE in laboratory work?

<p>The hazards present, the type of work operations, and the quantity of hazardous materials in use all influence PPE selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of safety glasses or face shields in laboratory settings.

<p>They protect the eyes and face from splashes of hazardous liquids and other potential dangers in the laboratory environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of training lab staff on PPE use?

<p>Training ensures that staff understand the proper use, functioning, and limitations of PPE, maximizing its effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are contact lenses not recommended without additional eye protection in laboratories?

<p>Contact lenses do not provide protection from splashes, necessitating the use of goggles or face shields in conjunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that gloves should not be reused in the laboratory?

<p>Reusing gloves can lead to micro cracks that allow contaminants to penetrate, compromising safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does body protection in the form of lab coats contribute to laboratory safety?

<p>Lab coats provide a protective barrier for skin and personal clothing against incidental contact and minor splashes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional measures should be taken when manipulating dangerous liquids?

<p>In addition to wearing protective equipment like goggles, manipulating the liquids behind screens or shields is strongly recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specify how a respirator serves as part of laboratory personal protective equipment.

<p>A respirator provides a barrier against inhaling harmful airborne contaminants, essential for worker safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors should laboratories consider when selecting appropriate gloves for PPE?

<p>Laboratories should consider the intended use, nature of the work, and the specific hazards present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nitrile gloves often preferred over latex gloves in clinical settings?

<p>Nitrile gloves are preferred because they are more puncture resistant and do not cause allergic reactions that latex might.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional considerations should be made when selecting chemical-resistant gloves?

<p>Users should consult the manufacturer's glove permeation charts and the chemical SDS for compatibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe a scenario where insulated gloves would be necessary in a laboratory.

<p>Insulated gloves are necessary when handling high-temperature materials from an autoclave or liquid nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of a respiratory protection program in a laboratory?

<p>The key components include a respiratory hazard evaluation, medical evaluation, fit testing, and training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the effectiveness of respirators like N95 and P100 measured?

<p>Their effectiveness is measured by their efficiency ratings, specifically the percentage of particles they can stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between facemasks and respirators in terms of protection?

<p>Facemasks are loose-fitting and do not provide effective protection against airborne particles, while respirators fit tightly and filter out pollutants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should medical evaluations be conducted for respirator users in a lab?

<p>Medical evaluations should be conducted before anyone is required to use a respirator for work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of materials are neoprene gloves most suitable for in the lab?

<p>Neoprene gloves are suitable for handling acids, caustics, oils, alcohols, and solvents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should latex gloves not be reused in laboratory settings?

<p>Latex gloves should not be reused due to their inability to provide reliable protection after a single use and allergy risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'oil proof' mean in the context of respirators?

<p>'Oil proof' refers to respirators classified as 'P', which provide strong resistance to oil-based aerosols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situations would cryogenic gloves be necessary?

<p>Cryogenic gloves are necessary when handling substances like liquid nitrogen or samples at ultra-low temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of chemical-resistant gloves based on their use?

<p>Chemical-resistant gloves have limitations based on exposure time and the concentration of the chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which respirators are the most commonly used in clinical labs, and why?

<p>N95 respirators are the most commonly used because they offer effective filtration of airborne particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of wearing surgical grade masks in a healthcare setting?

<p>To stop potentially infectious droplets and respiratory emissions from being spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR)?

<p>A removable hood, connector hose, battery pack, and HEPA filter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are dedicated lab footwear recommended in a laboratory setting?

<p>To protect against chemical spills and contamination hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria should be followed when selecting PPE for clinical laboratory work?

<p>It should meet safety requirements, provide adequate protection, and fit a size variety for staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a laboratory process/task risk assessment?

<p>To identify potential hazards and select appropriate PPE for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should PPE be cleaned and disinfected between uses?

<p>Routine cleaning and disinfection should occur between each use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential training must employers provide to workers using PPE?

<p>Training on when PPE is necessary, proper usage, limitations, and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should skin-covering clothing made of natural fibers be worn in labs?

<p>Because natural fibers are fire-resistant and provide protection against spills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a PPE maintenance program play in workplace safety?

<p>It ensures that worn or damaged PPE is replaced and assessed regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are disposable sleeve guards particularly used in laboratories?

<p>When lab coat sleeves are insufficient and cuffs may not fully cover gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions should employees take if they need new or additional PPE?

<p>They must notify the lab manager or safety officer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of having a PPE program in a lab?

<p>To identify hazards and ensure the selection, maintenance, and training of PPE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect must be considered when choosing PPE for infection control?

<p>Whether PPE will serve as a primary barrier against infectious substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should lab policies enforce regarding hair and clothing?

<p>Long hair must be tied back, and pants should not be frayed or torn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are disposable shoe covers utilized in laboratories?

<p>To prevent contamination when working in high containment areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Laboratory Safety Program

  • A laboratory safety program protects employees, patients, equipment, and the environment.
  • Negligence of laboratory safety incurs costs related to reputation loss, customer loss, staff retention, litigation, and insurance.
  • Laboratory directors play a crucial role in the design and planning of safe laboratory facilities.
  • They should assess potential risks and ensure a safe environment for laboratory activities, including services to patients.
  • Quality managers or safety officers develop safety guidelines, train personnel, manage safety issues related to chemicals and pathogens, perform risk assessments, and conduct laboratory safety audits.
  • All laboratory staff should be aware of basic safety rules and processes.

Laboratory Design

  • The design should separate patients and patient samples’ pathways to prevent cross-contamination.
  • The reception desk should be near the entry door.
  • Access to rooms where biological samples are manipulated or hazardous materials are stored should be restricted to authorized personnel.
  • To prevent or reduce risks of cross-contamination, follow the path of the sample through the laboratory during pre-examination, examination, and post-examination phases.

Spatial Organization

  • Divide the laboratory into areas with different access control to separate patients from biological samples.
  • Group related activities in a single room or clearly delineate bench space for specific activities to prevent cross-contamination.
  • Locate service rooms, including autoclaves and sinks for cleaning glassware, in a central area for easier access and efficient circulation of materials.
  • Molecular biology activities require separate space with at least two rooms to prevent contamination.
  • Fluorescence microscopy needs a dark room with proper ventilation and should not be used for chemical storage.
  • UV illumination systems for DNA gel photography require a dark room and appropriate eye protection equipment.

Physical Aspects of Facilities

  • The laboratory should have proper ventilation, adequate space for circulation, and high ceilings.
  • Walls and ceilings should be washable and disinfectable.
  • Floors should be easy to clean, disinfect, and have no edges between the walls and floors.
  • Work benches should be made of durable and disinfectable materials like ceramic tiles, but beware of the grout needing regular disinfection.
  • Wood should not be used for benchtops due to its difficulty in cleaning and disinfection and its susceptibility to deterioration.
  • Steel should also be avoided because it rusts when washed with chlorine.
  • Organize work benches according to the type of analysis performed, with adequate space for equipment and materials.
  • In microbiology areas, separate work benches for different sample types or pathogens to minimize cross-contamination risks.
  • Clean and maintain all laboratory areas regularly.
  • Clean and disinfect benchtops after each use and spills.
  • Clean floors regularly.
  • Schedule weekly or monthly cleaning for ceilings, walls, refrigerators, and storage areas.
  • Record cleaning and disinfection activities, including the date and person responsible.

Safety Management Program

  • A safety program promotes laboratory safety.
  • Designate a laboratory safety officer for developing the safety program and organizing safety measures.
  • The safety officer is responsible for developing a safety manual, organizing safety training and exercises, conducting risk assessments and safety audits, and ensuring an adequate supply of safety equipment.
  • Standard laboratory safety practices include limiting or restricting access to the laboratory, handwashing after handling infectious materials, prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, and applying cosmetics in work areas, prohibiting mouth pipetting, using techniques that minimize aerosol or splash production, using biosafety cabinets for potential aerosol/splash creation, preventing inhalation exposure by using chemical fume hoods, storing chemicals properly in compatible groups, securing compressed gas cylinders, decontaminating work surfaces daily, decontaminating cultures and regulated wastes before disposal, implementing a pest control program, using personal protective equipment, prohibiting open-toed shoes, disposing of waste according to laboratory policies, and organizing monthly and yearly fire drills and laboratory evacuation procedures.
  • Laboratory waste management requires proper disposal of all potentially harmful materials.
  • Separate waste containers should be used for different waste types and clearly identified by color codes.
  • Pay special attention to potentially harmful contaminated waste such as sharps and contaminated glassware.
  • Dispose of sharps in puncture-resistant, leak-proof containers labeled "SHARPS".
  • Deface BIOHAZARD markings or symbols on non-biohazardous sharps containers before sealing them tightly.
  • Dispose of laboratory glass in sturdy cardboard boxes to prevent puncture hazards.
  • Decontaminate contaminated laboratory glass before disposal.
  • Never use boxes for sharps, contaminated materials, liquid wastes, chemically contaminated glassware, or chemical containers that cannot be disposed of as regular solid waste.

Identification of Risks

  • Laboratory workers encounter various risks depending on the type of activities and analyses performed.
  • Risk assessment is crucial for the laboratory director to manage and reduce risks to employees.
  • A safety officer can assist in identifying potential risks and incorporating preventive measures.
  • Develop safety procedures for accident, injury, or contamination scenarios.
  • Keep a record of staff exposures to hazards, actions taken, and preventative measures implemented.
  • Laboratory equipment poses significant risks for staff injuries, making training on specific safety procedures mandatory.
  • Autoclaves, centrifuges, compressed gas cylinders, and fume hoods require specific safety training and precautions.
  • Many laboratory instruments pose a danger of electrical shock, and some emit dangerous microwaves or radiation if misused or poorly maintained.
  • Store compressed gas cylinders securely by chaining them to the wall and securing the safety caps over the valve when moving or storing them.
  • Handle and dispose of needles, broken glass, and other sharps appropriately to prevent infection.
  • Needle recapping should be avoided whenever possible. If necessary, use the correct procedure: keep one hand behind the back and scoop the cover over the needle with the other hand.
  • Dispose of sharps in puncture-resistant, leak-proof, sharps containers labeled "SHARPS".
  • Deface BIOHAZARD markings on non-biohazardous sharps containers before sealing them tightly.
  • Laboratory glass disposal requires sturdy cardboard boxes to prevent puncture hazards.
  • Contaminated laboratory glass must be decontaminated prior to disposal.

Chemical Safety

  • Exposure to toxic chemicals poses a serious threat to laboratory staff.
  • Chemicals enter the body through inhalation, absorption through the skin, and ingestion.
  • Label all chemicals, including solutions and transfers, with common names, concentrations, hazards, date received, date opened, and expiration date.
  • Store corrosive, toxic, and highly reactive chemicals in well-ventilated areas.
  • Store flammable chemicals in flammables cabinets.
  • Radiochemicals require special precautions and dedicated benches with specific covers for manipulation.
  • Radioactive materials need specific storage areas that provide appropriate protection and waste containers.
  • The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed hazard and precautionary information.
  • Businesses are required to provide MSDS for all chemicals they manufacture or distribute.
  • Laboratories must follow the precautions listed in the MSDS to ensure safe handling and storage of chemicals.

Material Safety Data Sheets

  • MSDS provide safety information about hazardous materials
  • They are available to employees before handling hazardous materials
  • Should be kept near the location of the hazardous material being used

Laboratory Safety

  • Laboratories must have adequate ventilation, especially those working with moderate risk pathogens
  • Higher containment levels labs use inward air flow and absolute filtration to prevent aerosol spread

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • PPE is safety clothing or equipment designed to protect against injury or infection
  • Must be worn to minimize exposure to various workplace hazards
  • The need for PPE depends on the hazard, work operation, the nature and amount of harmful materials

Hierarchy of Safety Controls

  • The CDC's hierarchy of controls helps prioritize the methods used to protect employees
  • The preferred method is to eliminate the hazard, followed by substitution
  • Engineering and administrative controls are further measures to reduce hazards
  • PPE is used as a mitigation strategy when other methods aren't sufficient
  • It should be selected based on the hazards and risks present
  • PPE users must understand its proper use, functioning, and limitations

Body Protection

  • Lab coats
    • Protect skin and clothing from splashes
    • Act as a removable barrier in case of spills
    • Prevent contamination outside the lab
    • Commonly made of a 35% polyester, 65% cotton blend
    • Should cover the entire upper body, extend to the knees, fit comfortably, have a fitted wristband, and be fire-retardant if needed
  • Gowns
    • Provide a broad barrier against splashes
    • Commonly used in high-risk settings
    • Can be worn over clothing or a lab coat
    • Often disposable, sometimes referred to as "isolation gowns"
    • Choose gowns based on the intended use's risk level
  • Aprons
    • Used for additional splash protection
    • Useful for procedures involving large volumes of liquids or corrosive chemicals, autopsies, chemical handling
    • Made of various materials like plastic, vinyl, PVC, neoprene, and rubber
    • Should fit comfortably and extend from below the neck to above the feet

Eye and Face Protection

  • Safety glasses
    • Provide protection against minor spills, splashes, and flying objects
    • Don't provide adequate protection from significant chemical splashes
    • Should not be used as regular glasses
    • Should meet ANSI Z87.1-2010 standard for impact and shatter resistance, and have side shields
    • Need to be regularly cleaned and replaced when damaged
  • Safety goggles
    • Seal around the eyes, preventing objects or liquids from entering
    • Offer side and forward protection
    • May be required for processes where safety glasses aren't adequate
  • Face shields
    • Worn in addition to safety glasses or goggles when a splash hazard is present
    • Protect the entire face from splashes
    • Used in combination with other PPE, like a mask or respirator

Hand Protection

  • Gloves
    • Should be worn when there are potential hazards like skin absorption, chemical burns, electrical dangers, punctures, or exposure to infectious substances
    • When wearing gloves, avoid touching objects that could be contaminated
    • Avoid touching your face, hair, or clothing
    • Should not be worn outside the lab
    • Disposable gloves shouldn't be reused or disinfected
    • Disposable gloves should be changed when contaminated
    • Reusable gloves need to be washed regularly and air-dried
    • Should resist the chemicals and hazards being used and handled
    • The SDS or glove manufacturer should be consulted for proper glove selection
  • Latex gloves
    • Protect from exposure to biological hazards
    • Don't provide adequate protection against chemical hazards
    • Latex can cause allergies, so nitrile often replaces latex gloves
    • Should not be reused
  • Nitrile gloves
    • Widely used in labs
    • Offer protection against infectious material and many routine hazardous chemicals, such as solvents, oils, petroleum products, and some corrosives
    • More puncture resistant than rubber gloves
    • Should not be reused
  • Insulated gloves
    • Protect against extreme heat or cold
    • Heat-resistant gloves used for autoclave unloading, handling hot samples
    • Cryogenic gloves used for handling liquid nitrogen, dry ice, ultra-low temperature specimens
    • Cryo-protective gloves don't offer protection against full immersion in cryogenic liquids
  • Chemical-resistant gloves
    • Selected based on the specific chemicals used
    • Chemical compatibility with gloves should be verified in the SDS and manufacturer's charts
    • Neoprene gloves are typically liquid-proof and chemical-resistant, but not always very flexible
    • Butyl gloves offer good flexibility and resistance to strong corrosives, acids, and solvents

Respiratory Protection

  • Respirators
    • Protect against hazardous atmospheres, including airborne particles
    • Fit tightly to the face
    • Commonly used types are N95, KN95, P100, and PAPRs
    • N95s are the most common type in labs
    • The decision to use a face mask or respirator depends on the hazards present and a lab-specific risk assessment
    • Users must pass a medical evaluation and annual fit-testing according to OSHA
    • Respiratory protection programs include hazard evaluation, medical clearance, fit testing, a respiratory protection plan, and training
    • Respirators are categorized based on their resistance to oily aerosols and filter efficiency:
      • N = Not resistant to oil
      • R = Resistant (somewhat) to oil
      • P = Oil proof (strongly resistant to oil)
    • Efficiency ratings indicate the percentage of particles a respirator can filter:
      • 95% efficient = 95% of particles 0.3 μm in diameter stopped
      • 97% efficient = 97% of particles 0.3 μm in diameter stopped
      • 99.97% efficient (100%) = 99.97% of particles 0.3 μm in diameter stopped
    • N95 and P100 should meet NIOSH certification standards
    • KN95s are manufactured and approved in China
    • CDC, NIOSH, and FDA websites provide information on approved masks and respirators
  • Face masks
    • Loose-fitting, disposable masks covering the nose and mouth
    • Resistant to fluids and protect from large droplets, splashes, or sprays
    • NIOSH does not approve face masks for protecting against regulated hazardous materials
    • They are not considered respiratory protection, as gases, vapors, and tiny particles can pass through them
    • Some surgical grade masks are FDA-cleared
    • Commonly used to prevent the spread of potentially infectious droplets
  • Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR)
    • Positive-pressure respirators that supply purified air to the headpiece
    • Do not have a tight seal to the face
    • No medical evaluation required for use
    • Typically reusable and should be cleaned and disinfected regularly

Other Considerations for PPE

  • Foot protection
    • Lab footwear should be closed-toed and fully cover the feet
    • Avoid sandals, flip flops, canvas shoes, or permeable fabrics
    • Dedicated lab footwear might be recommended based on risk assessments
    • Personnel clothing and dress codes may apply
  • Sleeve guards may be required for some procedures
  • Personnel clothing and dress codes can be established to ensure safe practices and minimize contamination

Disposable Shoe Covers

  • Used for added protection in high-risk settings like BSL-3 labs, isolation rooms, and other areas where contamination needs to be prevented.

Sleeve Guards Usage

  • Used when lab coats are too short or cuffs don't overlap the gloves.
  • Used in molecular testing labs to prevent contamination from lab personnel shedding skin.

General Lab Dress Code

  • Long hair should be tied back.
  • Long pants covering ankles, free of fraying or tears.
  • Natural fiber clothing is preferred because it's fire resistant.
  • Clothing should cover as much skin as possible.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Program Essential Components

  • Identification and mitigation of hazards and risks.
  • Selection, maintenance, and use of PPE.
  • PPE training for employees.
  • Monitoring program effectiveness and making changes as needed.
  • Free provision of PPE to staff.

Selecting Appropriate PPE

  • Compliance with national and state safety regulations and recommendations.
  • Use in various combinations depending on lab and work.
  • Variety of sizes for staff to choose from.
  • Delay or limit transfer of hazardous materials to personal clothes or skin.
  • Protect personal clothes and skin from contamination.
  • Provide adequate protection from identified hazards.
  • Act as a primary barrier between user and hazards like infectious substances, chemicals, or other hazardous materials.
  • Can be used with other controls.

Laboratory Risk Assessment

  • Identifies potential hazards.
  • Determines associated risks.
  • Selects appropriate PPE for protection.
  • Considers factors like specimen types, facility capabilities, staff qualifications, and other safety equipment.

Safety Plan Enforcement

  • Defines and documents tasks and activities.
  • Identifies associated hazards.
  • Specifies required PPE for protection and mitigation.

PPE Training Requirements

  • When PPE is necessary.
  • Types of PPE required.
  • Proper donning, adjusting, wearing, and doffing of PPE.
  • PPE limitations.
  • Proper care, maintenance, use, and disposal.

Demonstrating PPE Competence

  • Staff must demonstrate the ability and competence to wear and use PPE before performing work requiring PPE.
  • Retraining needed when work conditions change or staff fails to demonstrate proper PPE use.

Employers' Responsibilities

  • Conduct hazard assessments to identify PPE mitigations.
  • Provide PPE to employees free of charge.
  • Train employees in PPE use and care.
  • Implement a PPE maintenance program.

Employee Responsibilities

  • Properly wear, use, and dispose of PPE.
  • Attend required PPE training sessions.
  • Notify lab managers or safety officers about the need for new or additional PPE.

Situations Requiring PPE

  • Potential exposure to hazardous materials like chemicals and infectious substances.

Benefits of Proper PPE and Lab Attire

  • Minimize skin exposure to hazardous chemicals, biological agents, and other hazardous materials.

Lab-Specific PPE Policies

  • Labs must create and implement their own lab-specific PPE policies and practices based on risk assessments, ensuring a safe workplace.

BSL-2 Setting PPE

  • Most clinical labs operate at BSL-2 level.
  • CDC standard precautions for healthcare and BSL-2 laboratory safety practices outlined in the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) are suitable for most routine clinical lab work and sample handling hazards.

Typical BSL-2 Laboratory PPE

  • Lab coat or gown.
  • Nitrile gloves.
  • Safety glasses or face shields.
  • Respiratory protection.

Additional BSL-2 PPE

  • Based on risk assessments, additional PPE could be required for precautionary purposes related to specific work tasks or settings.

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This quiz focuses on the essential aspects of safety management in laboratory settings, covering the roles of directors and quality managers. It also emphasizes the importance of biosafety awareness and the organization's design in ensuring patient safety. Test your knowledge on laboratory accident secondary effects and safety audits.

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