Laboratory Rules

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST crucial reason for a laboratory to have good ventilation?

  • To maintain a comfortable temperature for the students.
  • To prevent the buildup of hazardous fumes and ensure air quality. (correct)
  • To facilitate the easy movement of personnel within the lab.
  • To reduce the risk of spills and accidents.

Besides ample space, illumination, and ventilation, which additional characteristic is MOST important for a laboratory?

  • Easy access to outdoor recreational areas.
  • Aesthetically pleasing decor to promote creativity.
  • Availability of specialized equipment and safety measures. (correct)
  • Soundproofing to minimize noise distractions.

What is the PRIMARY reason for wearing a buttoned-up lab coat in the laboratory?

  • To maintain a professional appearance.
  • To comply with dress code regulations.
  • To keep warm in a cool environment.
  • To protect clothing from potential spills and splashes. (correct)

Why is it important to secure long hair in a laboratory setting?

<p>To prevent it from getting caught in equipment or contacting hazardous materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should personal items not be placed on the work surface in a laboratory?

<p>To minimize clutter and prevent contamination or accidents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important reason for cleaning and organizing your workspace in a laboratory?

<p>To minimize the risk of accidents and contamination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to use safety goggles in a lab?

<p>To protect eyes from splashes or projectiles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are eating and drinking prohibited in the laboratory?

<p>To avoid accidental ingestion of hazardous materials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid wearing loose clothing and jewelry in the laboratory?

<p>To avoid hindering movement and potential entanglement or contamination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should reagents NEVER be ingested or tasted while performing lab experiments?

<p>Because they may be toxic and cause harm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY reason for prohibiting running or playing in a laboratory?

<p>To avoid accidents and injuries due to spills or collisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should solid waste materials be disposed of in the laboratory?

<p>By discarding them in a designated waste container as instructed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before disposing of liquid waste down the drain, what important step should be taken?

<p>Running water to dilute the waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step to do with materials and workspaces after performing a procedure?

<p>Clean and dry all materials and the workspace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily do hazard pictograms on chemical product labels communicate?

<p>The specific dangers associated with the chemical. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of a specific pipetting device, what should you NEVER do?

<p>Use your mouth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential safety equipment MUST be available in a laboratory due to the use of flammable products?

<p>A small fire extinguisher. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a chemical substance comes into contact with the eyes, what is the FIRST and MOST important action to take?

<p>Wash the eyes with water immediately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someones skin comes in contact with a harmful product, what is the procedure?

<p>Clean the part of the skin with abundant cold water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MAIN purpose of a binocular magnifying glass?

<p>To observe opaque objects with lighting that does not go through the sample. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a laboratory?

A space with special equipment and materials where experiments are conducted.

General lab safety rules

Wear a buttoned lab coat, tie back long hair, keep the area clean, use safety glasses, and avoid eating or drinking.

Common hazard pictograms

Explosive, flammable, oxidizing, gas under pressure, and corrosive.

First aid for chemical exposure

Flush the affected area with plenty of cold water and seek medical attention.

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Function of an agitator

To mix substances.

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Function of a Erlenmeyer flask

To prepare solutions.

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Function of a volumetric flask

To prepare exact solutions.

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Function of a graduated cylinder

To measure liquid volumes.

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Function of a crystallizer

To crystalize substances.

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Function of a pipette

To measure precise liquid volumes.

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Function of a funnel

To pour/transfer liquids

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Function of a petri dish

To culture cells.

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Function of a test tube

For reactions.

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Function of a beaker

To hold liquids and can be heated.

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Function of a watch glass

To weigh chemicals.

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Function of a test tube rack

To hold test tubes vertically.

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Function of forceps

To grab small items.

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Function of a Bunsen burner

To heat substances.

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Function of a scalpel

To cut specimens.

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Function of a tripod

To support items for heating.

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Study Notes

  • El laboratorio es un lugar de trabajo con instalaciones y materiales especiales para realizar experimentos.

Normas generales de trabajo en el laboratorio

  • Es importante conocer y cumplir las normas del laboratorio para que sea un lugar seguro debido a que hay aparatos y sustancias que pueden ser peligrosas si no se usan correctamente.
  • Se debe de utilizar una bata abrochada para proteger la ropa.
  • Recoger el cabello largo.
  • No dejar objetos personales en el área de trabajo.
  • Mantener el área de trabajo limpia y ordenada.
  • Recoger todo el material al terminar la práctica.
  • Usar gafas de seguridad.
  • No beber ni comer en el laboratorio.
  • No llevar prendas que dificulten la movilidad ni colgantes o pulseras.
  • No beber ni ingerir los reactivos.
  • No correr ni jugar en el laboratorio para evitar accidentes.
  • Tirar los residuos sólidos a la papelera o donde indique el profesor.
  • Abrir el grifo antes de tirar restos de una reacción o reactivo por la pila.
  • Dejar limpio y seco el material y el puesto de trabajo al acabar.

Normas de seguridad

  • Se debe prestar atención a las medidas de seguridad al realizar experimentos y prácticas en el laboratorio.

Manejo de productos químicos

  • Es muy importante leer las etiquetas de seguridad al manejar productos químicos, ya que contienen pictogramas que informan sobre su peligrosidad.
  • Las etiquetas de los frascos de los reactivos presentan información importante que se debe tener en cuenta.

Actuación en caso de accidente

  • Es obligatorio disponer de un pequeño extintor y un botiquín en el laboratorio.
  • El botiquín debe contener productos desinfectantes, pomadas para quemaduras, gasas estériles, esparadrapo e instrumental médico básico.
  • Debe disponerse de una ducha de agua en caso de que haya llamas en la ropa o para los primeros auxilios y se debe lavar la parte afectada con abundante agua fría si la piel entra en contacto con un producto irritante o nocivo.
  • Si una sustancia entra en contacto con los ojos, se deben lavar con agua fría y acudir al médico rápidamente.
  • En caso de quemadura en la piel, lavar la zona con abundante agua fría y aplicar una pomada adecuada.
  • Los accidentes más comunes en el laboratorio son cortes, heridas, quemaduras, salpicaduras en los ojos e ingestión de productos químicos.

Material de laboratorio

  • Para realizar las prácticas de laboratorio, se utiliza instrumental diverso.

Material de vidrio

  • Agitador: Se utiliza para mezclar sustancias en disolución.
  • Cristalizador: Se utiliza para cristalizar materia en disolución.
  • Pipeta: Se utiliza para medir cantidades de líquido con precisión.
  • Bureta: Se usa para verter cantidades variables de líquido.
  • Matraz de Erlenmeyer: Para contener líquidos o preparar disoluciones; se puede calentar.
  • Embudo: Se emplea para el trasvase de productos.
  • Matraz aforado: Para preparar disoluciones exactas.
  • Placa de Petri: Para cultivos de hongos, bacterias y selección de muestras.
  • Probeta: Para medir volúmenes de líquidos.
  • Tubo de ensayo: Para reacciones de sustancias.
  • Vaso de precipitados: Para contener líquidos y calentar.
  • Vidrio de reloj: Para pesar sólidos en la balanza de laboratorio.

Material de metal

  • Cuchara espátula: Para recoger pequeñas cantidades de sólido.
  • Gradilla: Para colocar tubos de ensayo en vertical.
  • Pinzas: Para colocar muestras, diseccionar, etc.
  • Mechero de Bunsen: Para calentar sustancias.
  • Bisturí: Para diseccionar o realizar cortes en muestras.
  • Trípode y rejilla: Para calentar recipientes.
  • Soporte universal: Para sujetar material de laboratorio con pinzas.

Instrumentos ópticos

  • Los instrumentos ópticos permiten ver y fotografiar objetos pequeños ampliando su tamaño.
  • La lupa binocular y el microscopio son instrumentos de observación que amplían la imagen.

Lupa binocular

  • Permite observar objetos opacos (la luz no atraviesa la muestra) con un aumento limitado de 20 o 40 veces.
  • Sirve para observar partes de insectos, moho, arena, detalles de flores.

Microscopio óptico

  • Permite observar objetos aún más pequeños.
  • El revólver permite elegir el objetivo deseado, con un aumento máximo de 2500.

Otros instrumentos

  • Termómetros: Para medir la temperatura de sustancias.
  • Balanzas: Para conocer el peso de objetos.
  • Morteros: Para machacar sustancias sólidas.
  • Pinzas de madera: Para sujetar tubos de ensayo.
  • Tapones de goma: Para tapar tubos o matraces.

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