36 Questions
What is the primary purpose of laboratories establishing reference values based on the sediment concentration factor?
To ensure consistent and accurate reporting regardless of the concentration factor used
Which of the following should laboratories evaluate when reporting microscopic examination findings?
The need for additional calculation steps
What does the text emphasize regarding reporting decisions made by laboratories?
Both a and b
What must be considered when correlating results?
All of the above
What must be done with specimens that do not correlate according to the text?
They must be rechecked for both technical and clerical errors
Which type of cast is typically associated with chronic renal failure?
Waxy casts
What is the primary diagnostic marker for glomerulonephritis?
Predominant RBC casts
What is the primary diagnostic marker for pyelonephritis?
Predominant WBC casts
What is the significance of the presence of bacteria in WBC casts?
It has little additional diagnostic significance
Which type of granular casts are commonly observed in urinary sediment and may have pathological or non-pathological significance?
Both finely and coarsely granular casts
What is the origin of the granules in non-pathological conditions?
Excreted by RTE cells during normal metabolism
What is the characteristic appearance of waxy casts?
All of the above
What is the significance of the presence of granular casts alongside hyaline casts?
Indicates a transient increase during strenuous exercise
What is the primary cause of the formation of broad casts?
Both destruction of tubular walls and compromise in urine flow
Which of the following statements about Candida albicans in urine is correct?
It is primarily seen in patients with diabetes or compromised immune systems.
What is the primary purpose of reporting the presence of urinary crystals?
To detect abnormal types that may indicate disorders
Which of the following statements about Trichomonas vaginalis in urine is correct?
It is a parasitic flagellate with a pear-shaped trophozoite and undulating membrane.
How can the presence of a true yeast infection in urine be confirmed?
By the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) along with yeast cells.
How can Trichomonas vaginalis be differentiated from other cellular components in urine?
By its rapid darting movement, which can be observed using phase microscopy.
How is the quantity of Trichomonas vaginalis in urine reported?
As rare, few, moderate, or many per high-power field (hpf).
Which of the following cellular components in urine can Trichomonas vaginalis resemble when not moving?
White blood cells, transitional epithelial cells, or renal tubular epithelial cells.
What is the distinguishing feature between distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells and spherical transitional epithelial cells?
Eccentrically placed round nuclei
What is the most clinically significant of the renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells?
Increased amounts of RTE cells
What is the purpose of examining renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells under polarized light?
To identify the presence of cholesterol in fat droplets
What is the clinical significance of the presence of free-floating fat droplets in a urine specimen?
Indicates contamination from vaginal preparations or lubricants
Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a potential cause of tubular necrosis?
Acute renal failure
What is the significance of observing motile organisms in a fresh, sterile urine specimen?
Indicates a positive urine culture for urinary tract infection (UTI)
What is the most common type of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Gram-negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae)
What is the recommended approach for identifying the specific bacteria responsible for a UTI?
Performing a quantitative urine culture
How should the presence of yeast cells in a urine specimen be reported?
As rare, few, moderate, or many per high-power field (hpf)
Which of the following statements about ghost cells is correct?
They are large empty cells easily missed if specimens are not examined under reduced light
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) associated with glomerular bleeding?
They are perfectly spherical in shape
Which of the following statements about white blood cells (WBCs) in urine sediment is NOT true?
Eosinophils are primarily associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Which of the following statements about red blood cell (RBC) casts is correct?
RBC casts are non-pathological and resolve after rest
Which of the following statements about the appearance of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine sediment is correct?
RBC presence in urine sediment may not correlate with specimen color or chemical test results, as hemoglobin filtration can lead to red urine without microscopic hematuria
Which of the following statements about acanthocytes is correct?
Acanthocytes are associated primarily with glomerular bleeding and appear to be the type of dysmorphic RBC with multiple protrusions
Test your knowledge on how laboratories establish reference values based on sediment concentration factor, ensure consistency in reporting, and align reporting decisions with specific requirements. Explore guidelines emphasized by CLSI for accurate reporting procedures.
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