Laboratory Reference Values and Reporting Guidelines Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary purpose of laboratories establishing reference values based on the sediment concentration factor?

To ensure consistent and accurate reporting regardless of the concentration factor used (correct)

To align with the specific requirements of the laboratory

To simplify the reporting process for laboratory personnel

To correlate the results with physical and chemical findings

Which of the following should laboratories evaluate when reporting microscopic examination findings?

The physical and chemical findings of the specimen

The age of the specimen

The need for additional calculation steps (correct)

The possibility of interference with chemical tests

What does the text emphasize regarding reporting decisions made by laboratories?

Both a and b (correct)

They should consider the number of formed elements or chemicals

They should align with the laboratory's needs

They should be fully documented and consistently followed by all personnel

What must be considered when correlating results?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What must be done with specimens that do not correlate according to the text?

They must be rechecked for both technical and clerical errors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cast is typically associated with chronic renal failure?

Waxy casts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic marker for glomerulonephritis?

Predominant RBC casts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic marker for pyelonephritis?

Predominant WBC casts Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of bacteria in WBC casts?

It has little additional diagnostic significance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granular casts are commonly observed in urinary sediment and may have pathological or non-pathological significance?

Both finely and coarsely granular casts Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the granules in non-pathological conditions?

Excreted by RTE cells during normal metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of waxy casts?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of granular casts alongside hyaline casts?

Indicates a transient increase during strenuous exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the formation of broad casts?

Both destruction of tubular walls and compromise in urine flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Candida albicans in urine is correct?

It is primarily seen in patients with diabetes or compromised immune systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reporting the presence of urinary crystals?

To detect abnormal types that may indicate disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Trichomonas vaginalis in urine is correct?

It is a parasitic flagellate with a pear-shaped trophozoite and undulating membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How can the presence of a true yeast infection in urine be confirmed?

By the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) along with yeast cells. Signup and view all the answers

How can Trichomonas vaginalis be differentiated from other cellular components in urine?

By its rapid darting movement, which can be observed using phase microscopy. Signup and view all the answers

How is the quantity of Trichomonas vaginalis in urine reported?

As rare, few, moderate, or many per high-power field (hpf). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular components in urine can Trichomonas vaginalis resemble when not moving?

White blood cells, transitional epithelial cells, or renal tubular epithelial cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells and spherical transitional epithelial cells?

Eccentrically placed round nuclei Signup and view all the answers

What is the most clinically significant of the renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells?

Increased amounts of RTE cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells under polarized light?

To identify the presence of cholesterol in fat droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of the presence of free-floating fat droplets in a urine specimen?

Indicates contamination from vaginal preparations or lubricants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a potential cause of tubular necrosis?

Acute renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of observing motile organisms in a fresh, sterile urine specimen?

Indicates a positive urine culture for urinary tract infection (UTI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Gram-negative rods (Enterobacteriaceae) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for identifying the specific bacteria responsible for a UTI?

Performing a quantitative urine culture Signup and view all the answers

How should the presence of yeast cells in a urine specimen be reported?

As rare, few, moderate, or many per high-power field (hpf) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ghost cells is correct?

They are large empty cells easily missed if specimens are not examined under reduced light Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) associated with glomerular bleeding?

They are perfectly spherical in shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about white blood cells (WBCs) in urine sediment is NOT true?

Eosinophils are primarily associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about red blood cell (RBC) casts is correct?

RBC casts are non-pathological and resolve after rest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the appearance of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine sediment is correct?

RBC presence in urine sediment may not correlate with specimen color or chemical test results, as hemoglobin filtration can lead to red urine without microscopic hematuria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about acanthocytes is correct?

Acanthocytes are associated primarily with glomerular bleeding and appear to be the type of dysmorphic RBC with multiple protrusions Signup and view all the answers