Laboratory Equipment Quiz

Laboratory Equipment

• Beaker: Open cylindrical container for mixing larger amounts of substances; not for precise measurements.
• Graduated Cylinder: Instrument for accurately measuring liquid volumes.
• Buret: Precision device for measuring liquid amounts during titration.
• Magnetic Stir Bar: Teflon-covered magnet for stirring solutions using a stir motor.
• Clamp: Surgical tool to compress blood vessels or close intestions.
• Ring Stand: Supports funnels and wire gauze above the table.
• Spot Plate: Flat plate with "wells" used for small tests like mini test tubes.
• Test Tube: Open tube for holding liquids.
• Stir Rod: Glass tool used for mixing substances.
• Vial: Small container for holding medicine or liquids.
• Syringe: Medical device for injecting or withdrawing fluids.

Safety Precautions

• Bunsen Burner Safety: Keep gas off when not in use, monitor during operation, and avoid flammable substances.
• Chemical Safety: Dispose of hazardous waste in designated containers; keep concentrated acids in fume hoods.
• Centrifuge Use: Never place your hand in a moving rotor and balance liquid amounts in vials.
• Balance Use: Always tare the balance before measuring; use a spatula for transferring materials.

Chemical Concepts

• Thermodynamics: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS; signs indicate endothermic or exothermic reactions.
• Acid/Base Relationships: pH and hydronium ion relationships defined by pH = -log[H+].
• Redox Reactions: Reducing agent oxidizes while the oxidizing agent reduces; uses mnemonic "leO the lion says GeR".
• Intermolecular Forces: Attraction between molecules includes hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and dispersion forces.

Matter and Phase Changes

• Sublimation: Transition from solid to gas.
• Condensation: Process of gas to liquid.
• Fusion: Melting process.
• Dynamic Equilibrium: The rates of dissolution and deposition are equal.

Measurement Concepts

• Density: Defined as mass per unit volume.
• Percent Error: [observed - accepted] / accepted × 100%.
• Significant Figures: Rules for counting significant digits in measurements include non-zero digits and zeros between non-zero digits.

Graphing and Relationships

• Graphing: Essentials include a title, labeled axes, and a best-fit line.
• Directly vs. Inversely Related Variables: Variables can have linear (direct) or hyperbolic (inverse) relationships.
• Interpolation and Extrapolation: Methods of estimating values within or outside experimentally determined data ranges.

Laboratory Protocols

• MSDS Access: Safety data sheets available online and in laboratory.
• Fire Safety: Evacuate through alternative routes if blocked by fire.
• Eye Protection: Required whenever labs are in session; goggles should provide full coverage.
• Spillage Protocol: Inform instructor and follow cleanup procedures for spills.