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Questions and Answers
What is typically used for the laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections?
What is typically used for the laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections?
- Urine samples
- Blood serum specimens
- Saliva analysis
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (correct)
Which procedure is performed to collect CSF for diagnosing CNS infections?
Which procedure is performed to collect CSF for diagnosing CNS infections?
- Thoracentesis
- Lumbar puncture (correct)
- Arthrocentesis
- Venipuncture
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with CNS infections?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with CNS infections?
- Muscle growth
- Weight loss
- Convulsions/seizures (correct)
- Increased appetite
What conditions can lumbar puncture help diagnose?
What conditions can lumbar puncture help diagnose?
What is the primary anatomical area accessed during a lumbar puncture?
What is the primary anatomical area accessed during a lumbar puncture?
What is the primary purpose of the Gram stain in the context of CSF analysis?
What is the primary purpose of the Gram stain in the context of CSF analysis?
The Ziehl Neelsen stain is primarily used to detect which type of bacteria?
The Ziehl Neelsen stain is primarily used to detect which type of bacteria?
Which combination of stains would be used to gain comprehensive information about bacterial presence in CSF?
Which combination of stains would be used to gain comprehensive information about bacterial presence in CSF?
What type of bacteria can be missed if only Gram staining is performed in CSF examination?
What type of bacteria can be missed if only Gram staining is performed in CSF examination?
In the context of CSF microbiological analysis, what is a limitation of using only a Gram stain?
In the context of CSF microbiological analysis, what is a limitation of using only a Gram stain?
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Study Notes
Laboratory Diagnosis of CNS Infections
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is primarily collected via lumbar puncture for diagnosing CNS infections.
- Gram stain and Ziehl Neelsen stain are utilized to identify the type and presence of bacteria in CSF.
- Mortality rates from CNS infections are significant: 30% in children and 80% in the elderly.
Prevention Strategies
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) offer effective protection against pneumococcal infections.
- Transmission of CNS infections typically occurs through prolonged, close contact with an infected individual.
Arboviral Encephalitis Prevention
- Prevention involves controlling arthropod vectors that transmit encephalitis viruses, such as mosquitoes and ticks.
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