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Questions and Answers
Which of the following was a primary reason for the formation of labor unions?
Which of the following was a primary reason for the formation of labor unions?
- To reduce the need for skilled workers in factories
- To collectively address poor working conditions and low wages (correct)
- To promote individual bargaining power for workers
- To encourage competition among workers for higher positions
Defensive modernization refers to a country's efforts to industrialize in order to protect itself from foreign influence and maintain its autonomy.
Defensive modernization refers to a country's efforts to industrialize in order to protect itself from foreign influence and maintain its autonomy.
True (A)
What was the key difference between industrialization in Japan compared to most Western nations?
What was the key difference between industrialization in Japan compared to most Western nations?
Japan's industrialization was largely state-led and driven by the goal of maintaining independence.
The economic policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate toward foreign traders was largely one of __________.
The economic policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate toward foreign traders was largely one of __________.
Match the following figures with their roles in Italian unification:
Match the following figures with their roles in Italian unification:
What was the significance of the Zollverein in the context of German unification?
What was the significance of the Zollverein in the context of German unification?
The Congress of Vienna had no impact on either Italy or Germany.
The Congress of Vienna had no impact on either Italy or Germany.
Explain the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853.
Explain the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853.
The __________ was a set of laws passed in Britain to regulate working conditions in factories.
The __________ was a set of laws passed in Britain to regulate working conditions in factories.
Which of the following best describes the main contribution of William Wilberforce?
Which of the following best describes the main contribution of William Wilberforce?
Which of the following best describes the economic policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate toward foreign traders?
Which of the following best describes the economic policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate toward foreign traders?
The abolitionist movement had no connection to the women's rights movement.
The abolitionist movement had no connection to the women's rights movement.
The first colony conquered by Japan was ______.
The first colony conquered by Japan was ______.
Explain how industrialization impacted urbanization.
Explain how industrialization impacted urbanization.
Which of the reasons explains why continental Europe was relatively slow to industrialize compared to Britain?
Which of the reasons explains why continental Europe was relatively slow to industrialize compared to Britain?
Match the individual with their role in Italian unification.
Match the individual with their role in Italian unification.
Laissez-faire economics advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.
Laissez-faire economics advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.
Which of the following was a main contribution of William Wilberforce?
Which of the following was a main contribution of William Wilberforce?
According to Marx, the ______ is the working class, destined to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
According to Marx, the ______ is the working class, destined to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
Explain defensive modernization.
Explain defensive modernization.
Name two individuals who significantly contributed to the cause of Italian unification.
Name two individuals who significantly contributed to the cause of Italian unification.
In the context of industrialization, a(n) ________ is someone who starts a business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
In the context of industrialization, a(n) ________ is someone who starts a business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
Match the following Acts with their descriptions:
Match the following Acts with their descriptions:
Which of the following best describes defensive modernization, as exemplified by the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
Which of the following best describes defensive modernization, as exemplified by the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna in the context of German unification efforts?
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna in the context of German unification efforts?
The book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes class struggle is called the ________.
The book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes class struggle is called the ________.
How did industrialization contribute to European imperialism?
How did industrialization contribute to European imperialism?
What was the primary goal of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
What was the primary goal of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
The system in England, which involved consolidating small landholdings into larger, more efficient farms, was known as the ______ system.
The system in England, which involved consolidating small landholdings into larger, more efficient farms, was known as the ______ system.
How was industrialization in Japan different from its Western counterparts?
How was industrialization in Japan different from its Western counterparts?
According to Marx and Engels, the central struggle in The Communist Manifesto was between the bourgeoisie and the government.
According to Marx and Engels, the central struggle in The Communist Manifesto was between the bourgeoisie and the government.
What was the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853?
What was the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853?
Otto von Bismarck, a key figure in German Unification, held the position of Minister President in ______.
Otto von Bismarck, a key figure in German Unification, held the position of Minister President in ______.
Which of the following best describes the term 'defensive modernization'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'defensive modernization'?
The Congress of Vienna's decisions had no impact on the nationalistic sentiments in both Italy and Germany.
The Congress of Vienna's decisions had no impact on the nationalistic sentiments in both Italy and Germany.
What was the primary goal of the Zollverein?
What was the primary goal of the Zollverein?
In the context of 19th-century industrialization, the term _________ refers to a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. This term is most closely associated with the economist Adam Smith.
In the context of 19th-century industrialization, the term _________ refers to a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. This term is most closely associated with the economist Adam Smith.
Which factor allowed Prussia to successfully unify Germany between 1863 and 1870?
Which factor allowed Prussia to successfully unify Germany between 1863 and 1870?
According to Karl Marx, the 'bourgeoisie' refers to the working class, who must sell their labor to survive under capitalism.
According to Karl Marx, the 'bourgeoisie' refers to the working class, who must sell their labor to survive under capitalism.
Define 'defensive modernization' and provide one example of a country that pursued this strategy in the 19th century.
Define 'defensive modernization' and provide one example of a country that pursued this strategy in the 19th century.
The _________ Act of 1833 placed restrictions on child labor, like minimum age and maximum hours, setting a precedent for future workplace regulations.
The _________ Act of 1833 placed restrictions on child labor, like minimum age and maximum hours, setting a precedent for future workplace regulations.
What was the main reason for originally outlawing unions?
What was the main reason for originally outlawing unions?
What was the primary economic issue during the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
What was the primary economic issue during the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Adam Smith's term _________ suggests that economies work best with minimal government intervention.
Adam Smith's term _________ suggests that economies work best with minimal government intervention.
Match the following individuals with their roles in Italian Unification:
Match the following individuals with their roles in Italian Unification:
What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?
What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?
The Zollverein was a political alliance between German states.
The Zollverein was a political alliance between German states.
What was the name of Karl Marx's and Friedrich Engels most famous writing?
What was the name of Karl Marx's and Friedrich Engels most famous writing?
Commodore Matthew Perry's visit to Japan in 1853 resulted in the _________ opening to trade with the West.
Commodore Matthew Perry's visit to Japan in 1853 resulted in the _________ opening to trade with the West.
Which best describes how industrialization impacted Germany?
Which best describes how industrialization impacted Germany?
Which of the following best describes the term 'defensive modernization' as it applies to Meiji Japan?
Which of the following best describes the term 'defensive modernization' as it applies to Meiji Japan?
The Congress of Vienna aimed to promote nationalistic movements across Europe, including in Italy and Germany.
The Congress of Vienna aimed to promote nationalistic movements across Europe, including in Italy and Germany.
Identify one of the major economic issues faced by the Tokugawa Shogunate during its rule.
Identify one of the major economic issues faced by the Tokugawa Shogunate during its rule.
Which industry was the first to industrialize in Britain?
Which industry was the first to industrialize in Britain?
The economic policy of ___________, advocating minimal government intervention in the economy, is closely associated with Adam Smith.
The economic policy of ___________, advocating minimal government intervention in the economy, is closely associated with Adam Smith.
According to Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto, the central struggle is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
According to Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto, the central struggle is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
What was the significance of the Zollverein in the context of 19th-century Germany?
What was the significance of the Zollverein in the context of 19th-century Germany?
Explain how the enclosure system impacted England in the 1700s.
Explain how the enclosure system impacted England in the 1700s.
Which of the following was a key reform advocated by Horace Mann?
Which of the following was a key reform advocated by Horace Mann?
Which of the following best describes the main goal of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
Which of the following best describes the main goal of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
The Tokugawa Shogunate encouraged open trade and interaction with foreign countries to boost Japan's economy.
The Tokugawa Shogunate encouraged open trade and interaction with foreign countries to boost Japan's economy.
The policy of allowing businesses to operate without government interference is known as ________.
The policy of allowing businesses to operate without government interference is known as ________.
How did industrialization in Japan differ from industrialization in Western nations?
How did industrialization in Japan differ from industrialization in Western nations?
The Congress of Vienna had a positive impact on the movement for German unification by creating a strong, centralized German state.
The Congress of Vienna had a positive impact on the movement for German unification by creating a strong, centralized German state.
What were tenements, and what conditions were usually found there during the Industrial Revolution?
What were tenements, and what conditions were usually found there during the Industrial Revolution?
The economic system where the means of production are owned by the community as a whole is called ________.
The economic system where the means of production are owned by the community as a whole is called ________.
Which of the following was a significant factor that slowed down the process of industrialization in continental Europe compared to Britain?
Which of the following was a significant factor that slowed down the process of industrialization in continental Europe compared to Britain?
The abolitionist movement had no influence on the women's rights movement.
The abolitionist movement had no influence on the women's rights movement.
Identify the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853.
Identify the significance of Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853.
The economic alliance that helped to create economic unity in Germany, by eliminating tariffs among member states, was known as the ________.
The economic alliance that helped to create economic unity in Germany, by eliminating tariffs among member states, was known as the ________.
Which of the following was NOT a major factor that helped Prussia create a unified Germany from 1863-1870?
Which of the following was NOT a major factor that helped Prussia create a unified Germany from 1863-1870?
The Congress of Vienna had no impact on the unification of Germany and Italy.
The Congress of Vienna had no impact on the unification of Germany and Italy.
What is defensive modernization?
What is defensive modernization?
The belief that the government should not interfere in the economy and that free markets should regulate themselves is known as ________.
The belief that the government should not interfere in the economy and that free markets should regulate themselves is known as ________.
Match the following individuals with their contributions to Italian unification:
Match the following individuals with their contributions to Italian unification:
Defensive modernization refers to the process where a nation industrializes and reforms its institutions primarily to protect itself from foreign influence or domination.
Defensive modernization refers to the process where a nation industrializes and reforms its institutions primarily to protect itself from foreign influence or domination.
What was the Zollverein and what was its significance in 19th-century Europe?
What was the Zollverein and what was its significance in 19th-century Europe?
The idea that government should not interfere in the economy is known as ______.
The idea that government should not interfere in the economy is known as ______.
Which of the following factors significantly contributed to the slow pace of industrialization in continental Europe compared to Britain?
Which of the following factors significantly contributed to the slow pace of industrialization in continental Europe compared to Britain?
According to Karl Marx, the central struggle in society is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
According to Karl Marx, the central struggle in society is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business is known as an ______.
A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business is known as an ______.
What was the main contribution of William Wilberforce?
What was the main contribution of William Wilberforce?
Flashcards
Labor Unions
Labor Unions
Organizations formed by workers to protect their rights and interests.
Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining
Negotiation between employers and employees to determine wages, hours, and working conditions.
Factory and Mines Acts
Factory and Mines Acts
Laws passed in Britain to improve working conditions for children in factories and mines.
Abolition Movement
Abolition Movement
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Tokugawa Economic Policy
Tokugawa Economic Policy
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Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
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Defensive Modernization
Defensive Modernization
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Suez Canal
Suez Canal
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Zollverein
Zollverein
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Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire
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Strike
Strike
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William Wilberforce
William Wilberforce
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Horace Mann
Horace Mann
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Alexis de Tocqueville
Alexis de Tocqueville
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Shogun
Shogun
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Daimyo
Daimyo
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Samurai
Samurai
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Matthew Perry
Matthew Perry
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Korea
Korea
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Italy divided
Italy divided
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Muhammad Ali's Reforms
Muhammad Ali's Reforms
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Italian Unification
Italian Unification
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German Unification
German Unification
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Urbanization
Urbanization
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Tenements
Tenements
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Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus
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Socialism
Socialism
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Communism
Communism
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The Wealth of Nations
The Wealth of Nations
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Capitalism
Capitalism
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Women's Rights Movement
Women's Rights Movement
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Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
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Entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
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Why outlaw unions?
Why outlaw unions?
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Industrialization in Japan
Industrialization in Japan
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Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat
Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat
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Enclosure System Impact
Enclosure System Impact
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Factors of Production
Factors of Production
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Cottage Industry
Cottage Industry
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First Industry to Industrialize
First Industry to Industrialize
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Impact of Industrialization
Impact of Industrialization
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The Clermont
The Clermont
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Near water sources
Near water sources
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Living Conditions
Living Conditions
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Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate
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Adam Smith's Ideas
Adam Smith's Ideas
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Division of Labor
Division of Labor
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Free Market
Free Market
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Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
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Stockholder
Stockholder
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Corporation
Corporation
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Abolitionist
Abolitionist
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Tokugawa Shogunate economic isolation
Tokugawa Shogunate economic isolation
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Command economy
Command economy
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Class Warfare
Class Warfare
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Enclosure
Enclosure
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Factory System
Factory System
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Standard of Living
Standard of Living
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Impact of Industrialization on Urbanization
Impact of Industrialization on Urbanization
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Liberalism
Liberalism
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Nationalism
Nationalism
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Imperialism
Imperialism
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Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism
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Marx/Engels Theory
Marx/Engels Theory
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Cottage vs Factories
Cottage vs Factories
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Study Notes
- Labour unions are associations of workers seeking to improve their conditions, with people joining to gain benefits like higher pay and safer work environments.
- A strike involves workers refusing to work, whilst collective bargaining involves unions negotiating with employers; these tools were used by unions to achieve their goals.
- Britain originally outlawed unions because they were seen as a threat to the established economic and social order.
- The Factory Act of 1833, Mines Act of 1842, and Ten Hours Act of 1847 were significant pieces of legislation that improved working conditions and limited working hours.
- William Wilberforce is known for his contribution to the abolition of slavery.
- Abolition is defined as the movement to end slavery, with an abolitionist being someone who supports this cause.
- 1833 is significant as the year slavery was abolished in the British Empire.
- The abolitionist movement is connected to the women's rights movement because both advocated for human rights and equality.
- Horace Mann reformed education, whereas Alexis de Tocqueville examined democracy and society.
- Japanese society was structured in a pyramid with the shogun at the top, followed by daimyo, samurai, and other social classes.
- The Tokugawa Shogunate was a Japanese ruling dynasty with an economic policy that restricted foreign trade, leading to economic issues.
- Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Japan in 1853 was significant because it led to the opening of Japan to foreign trade and influence
- The Meiji refers to the Meiji Restoration, which was a period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan.
- Defensive modernization involves a country adopting Western technologies and practices to protect itself from Western domination.
- Industrialization in Japan differed from Western nations because it was state-led and focused on military strength.
- Japan took colonies to acquire resources and assert its power, with the first colony being Taiwan.
- Muhammad Ali was an Egyptian leader who industrialized Egypt through various reforms.
- Ali's reforms changed life for Egyptian peasants by increasing taxes and labor demands.
- The Suez Canal is significant because it shortened trade routes between Europe and Asia and increased Egypt's strategic importance.
- The Congress of Vienna impacted Italy by maintaining its division into separate states.
- Giuseppe Mazzini, Victor Emmanuel II, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Count Camillo di Cavour were key figures in Italian unification.
- France and Austria played roles in Italian unification through both support and opposition.
- The Congress of Vienna impacted Germany by creating the German Confederation, a loose alliance of states.
- The Zollverein was a German customs union that promoted economic integration.
- The German Parliament meeting in Frankfurt in 1848 was significant as an attempt to create a unified German state.
- Otto von Bismarck and Kaiser Wilhelm I (King William I) were important figures in German unification.
- Prussia was able to create a unified Germany from 1863-1870 through military strength and political maneuvering.
- 1848 was significant to German and Italian unification as it was a year of revolutions and nationalist movements.
- Reforms caused by industrialization include social, economic, and political changes.
- Italian unification events can be placed in chronological order.
- German unification events can be placed in chronological order.
- The Industrial Revolution is defined as a period of major technological advancements that began in Britain and spread worldwide.
- Enclosure involved consolidating land, impacting England in the 1700s by displacing farmers and leading to urbanization.
- The three factors of production are land, labor, and capital.
- An entrepreneur is someone who organizes and operates a business, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
- Cottage industry refers to a system which involved goods being decentralised, typically at home, during the Industrial Revolution cottage industries declined due to the rise of factories.
- The first industry to undergo industrialization was the textile industry in Britain due to technological innovations and demand for textiles.
- The first factories were located near water sources for power.
- Jethro Tull invented the seed drill, Robert Bakewell pioneered selective breeding, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, Richard Arkwright invented the water frame, Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, James Watt improved the steam engine, Robert Fulton invented the steamboat, and George Stephenson developed the steam locomotive.
- Industrialization led to urbanization as people moved to cities for work.
- Living and working conditions during the Industrial Revolution were often harsh, with long hours and dangerous environments.
- Tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary housing for the poor in urban areas.
- Standard of living is the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.
- Industrialization improved the overall standard of living but also created disparities.
- The Luddites were workers who protested industrialization by destroying machinery, as they feared it would take their jobs.
- Britain forced the US to industrialize by imposing trade restrictions and preventing the US from accessing British technology.
- Samuel Slater and Francis Cabot Lowell played key roles in US industrialization by bringing British textile technology to the US and establishing factories, thus advancing the textile industry.
- The Lowell mills differed because they employed young women and provided them with housing and education.
- Stock represents ownership in a company and raises capital, while a corporation is a business structure with limited liability; these styles of businesses increased wealth by facilitating investment and expansion.
- Continental Europe was slow to industrialize due to factors like political instability and lack of resources with Belgium being the second European country to industrialize after Britain.
- Industrialization impacted Germany by leading to economic growth and the rise of powerful industries.
- Industrialization in Europe led to imperialism as countries sought resources and markets for their goods.
- Laissez-faire is an economic system where the government does not interfere in the economy.
- Adam Smith is associated with laissez-faire economics with his famous book "The Wealth of Nations" written in 1776.
- Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and free markets.
- Thomas Malthus argued that population growth would outstrip food production, leading to poverty and famine.
- Utilitarianism promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the greatest number of people.
- John Stuart Mill advocated for individual liberty and social reform.
- Robert Owen was a Utopian socialist who established model communities to improve workers' lives.
- Socialism involves public ownership and control of the economy, with founders aiming for economic equality.
- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are associated with communism, as laid out in "The Communist Manifesto".
- Bourgeoisie refers to the property-owning class, while the proletariat refers to the working class.
- Communism advocates for a classless society; Marx/Engels' reasoning contained the major flaw of underestimating capitalism's adaptability.
- The Industrial Revolution began in Britain due to factors like abundant resources, a stable government, and technological innovation.
- Production in factories differed from production in a cottage industry in terms of efficiency, scale, and labor organization.
- The central struggle in The Communist Manifesto is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat which Marx and Engels believed would end with the proletariat overthrowing the bourgeoisie in a violent upheaval.
- Seed drill, selective breeding, flying shuttle, spinning jenny, telegraph, water frame, cotton gin, McAdam’s road construction, steam engine, The Clermont are examples of impactful inventions.
- Inventors assisted the Industrial revolution across the globe.
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Description
Explore labor unions, their tactics like strikes and collective bargaining, and historical opposition. Discover key reforms such as the Factory Act and Mines Act that improved working conditions. Examine William Wilberforce's role and the 1833 abolition of slavery in the British Empire.
