Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) founded by Marcus Garvey?
What was the primary goal of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) founded by Marcus Garvey?
Which newspaper did Marcus Garvey create to help spread his message?
Which newspaper did Marcus Garvey create to help spread his message?
What event led to Marcus Garvey's imprisonment?
What event led to Marcus Garvey's imprisonment?
What was Elma Francois known for in the labor movement?
What was Elma Francois known for in the labor movement?
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Which union did Elma Francois NOT found?
Which union did Elma Francois NOT found?
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What was a significant impact of Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow's work?
What was a significant impact of Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow's work?
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Which were the two marriages of Marcus Garvey?
Which were the two marriages of Marcus Garvey?
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What influenced Marcus Garvey's activism in African history?
What influenced Marcus Garvey's activism in African history?
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What was the outcome of Elma Francois' activism after being fired from her job?
What was the outcome of Elma Francois' activism after being fired from her job?
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Which major historical conflict occurred during Marcus Garvey's active years?
Which major historical conflict occurred during Marcus Garvey's active years?
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What was the primary motivation for the Trinidad Working Men's Association's formation in 1889?
What was the primary motivation for the Trinidad Working Men's Association's formation in 1889?
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Who was the leader of the dockworkers during the 1905 strike in British Guiana?
Who was the leader of the dockworkers during the 1905 strike in British Guiana?
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Which organization became the first legally recognized union over the British Empire in 1921?
Which organization became the first legally recognized union over the British Empire in 1921?
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What significant event did Marcus Garvey lead in 1917?
What significant event did Marcus Garvey lead in 1917?
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What was the key contribution of Catherine McKenzie in the movement for women's rights?
What was the key contribution of Catherine McKenzie in the movement for women's rights?
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Who led the transformation of the Trinidad Working Men's Association into the Trinidad Labour Party in 1934?
Who led the transformation of the Trinidad Working Men's Association into the Trinidad Labour Party in 1934?
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Which of the following women founded a union that recognized women for equal pay and benefits?
Which of the following women founded a union that recognized women for equal pay and benefits?
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Which led to the establishment of multiple unions by Elma Francois?
Which led to the establishment of multiple unions by Elma Francois?
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What is the significance of the phrase "bare-footed khaki brigade" in relation to the Trinidad Labour movement?
What is the significance of the phrase "bare-footed khaki brigade" in relation to the Trinidad Labour movement?
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Which labor organization did Samuel Gompers help lead in the United States?
Which labor organization did Samuel Gompers help lead in the United States?
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Study Notes
Labor Movement in the Caribbean (Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries)
- 1881-1889: Jamaica saw the formation of the first craft unions of skilled laborers, including carpenters, bricklayers, and cigar makers.
- 1897: The Trinidad Working Men's Association (TWA) was established. Early leadership faced challenges due to low wages and other conditions.
- 1905: Dockworkers in British Guiana went on strike, led by Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow. The strike had support from A.A. Thorne.
- 1914-1919: World War I (Allies vs. Central Powers), saw US entry in 1917. Dockworkers saw wage increases, but strikes were met with significant resistance from authorities.
- 1921: The British Guiana Labour Union (BGLU), led by Critchlow, became the first legally recognized union in the British Empire's overseas territories.
- 1923: Arthur Cipriani became leader of TWA, and gained support as a military figure and advocate for labor rights.
- 1934: The TWA renamed as the Trinidad Labour Party.
- Early 1900s: Catherine McKenzie and other women like Lucy Stroder and Elma Francois were active in speaking out, challenging gender inequality in the workplace, and working to organize unions for better working conditions.
- Elma Francois (1900s): A key trade unionist in Trinidad, who formed notable labor organizations (seamen, government, trade unions), leading strikes, and facing dismissal for her activism. She differed with previous leaders (Cipriani) on strategic approaches to unions.
- Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow: A key labor leader in British Guiana, working for wage increases, better conditions, and unionization, and organizing the BGLU which was legally recognized.
- Arthur Cipriani: Leadership and advocacy for improved worker rights within the TWA, later Trinidad Labour Party.
- Marcus Garvey (1887-1940): A powerful Pan-African movement leader from Jamaica, founding the UNIA to promote racial pride, African unity, and freedom from colonialism, Garvey faced legal difficulties, including time in prison for mail fraud.
Influential Figures
- Marcus Garvey: A prominent Pan-Africanist leader who founded the UNIA to fight for racial pride, African unity, and freedom from colonialism.
- Elma Francois: A key labor activist who formed essential trade unions in Trinidad, organizing strikes for better worker conditions.
- Hubert Nathaniel Critchlow: A crucial labor organizer in British Guiana, advocating for worker rights and forming the British Guiana Labour Union.
- Arthur Cipriani: A significant leader within the TWA and later the Trinidad Labour Party, an important voice for labor rights in Trinidad.
- Catherine McKenzie: A strong voice for women's rights in the early labor movement and a key activist challenging gender inequality.
- Lucy Stroder: A leader in Grenada, contributing by organizing a union which prioritized gender equality and equal pay.
Historical Context
- World War I: Global conflict significantly impacted labor movements in different colonies and territories, with shifts in worker rights and mobilization.
- Colonialism: The era was marked by colonial rule, which significantly shaped labor conditions and relations in the colonies.
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Description
Explore the significant events and developments of the labor movement in the Caribbean during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This quiz covers key unions, strikes, and influential figures who shaped labor rights amidst challenging conditions. Test your knowledge on the struggles and successes of workers in the Caribbean during this transformative period.
