Lab Exam 2 Blood Vessels Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the innermost tunic of blood vessels?

Tunica intima

Which tunic is especially thick in elastic arteries?

Tunica media

What is the most superficial tunic of blood vessels?

Tunica externa

Why are valves present in veins but not in arteries?

Veins need valves to create pressure to pump blood to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What are two events that aid in venous return?

Respiratory pump and muscular pump. Signup and view all the answers

Why are the walls of arteries proportionately thicker than those of corresponding veins?

Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries, creating more pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the arterial system have one of, while the venous system has two?

Brachiocephalic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the myocardium?

Coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What are the two paired arteries serving the brain?

External carotid and internal carotid arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest vein in the lower limb?

Great saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

What artery is found on the dorsum of the foot?

Dorsalis pedis artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery serving the thigh muscles?

Femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the diaphragm?

Phrenic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins?

Brachial vein Signup and view all the answers

What are two superficial veins of the arm?

Basilic and cephalic veins Signup and view all the answers

What artery serves the kidney?

Renal artery Signup and view all the answers

What veins drain the liver?

Hepatic veins Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies the distal half of the large intestine?

Inferior mesenteric artery Signup and view all the answers

What drains the pelvic organs?

Internal iliac vein Signup and view all the answers

What does the external iliac artery become upon entry into the thigh?

Femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What artery branches into radial and ulnar arteries?

Subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

What supplies most of the small intestine?

Superior mesenteric artery Signup and view all the answers

What joins to form the inferior vena cava?

Common iliac veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial trunk that has three major branches to the liver, spleen, and stomach?

Celiac trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the major artery serving the tissues external to the skull?

Common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What are the four veins serving the leg?

Anterior tibial, fibular, and posterior tibial veins Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is generally used to take the pulse at the wrist?

Radial artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebral arterial circle?

It provides pathways for blood to reach the brain in case of impaired blood flow in the system. Signup and view all the answers

From which artery do the anterior and middle cerebral arteries arise?

Internal carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the aorta to the left occipital lobe.

Subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery. Signup and view all the answers

Trace the pathway of blood from the capillary beds of the left thumb to the capillary beds of the right thumb.

<ol> <li>Digital vein, 2. Left radial vein, 3. Left brachial vein, 4. Left axillary vein, 5. Left subclavian vein, 6. Left brachiocephalic vein, 7. Superior vena cava, 8. Right atrium, 9. Right ventricle, 10. Pulmonary trunk, 11. Pulmonary artery, 12. Lobar artery, 13. Pulmonary capillaries of the lung, 14. Pulmonary veins, 15. Left atrium, 16. Left ventricle, 17. Aortic arch, 18. Brachiocephalic artery, 19. Right subclavian artery, 20. Right axillary artery, 21. Right brachial artery, 22. Right radial artery, 23. Digital artery.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Trace the pathway from the mitral valve to the tricuspid valve via the great toe.

<ol> <li>Left ventricle, 2. Aorta, 3. Common iliac artery, 4. External iliac artery, 5. Femoral artery, 6. Posterior tibial artery, 7. Lateral plantar artery, 8. Digital artery, 9. Capillary beds, 10. Digital vein, 11. Plantar...</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Vessel Structure and Function

Tunica intima: The innermost layer of blood vessels, consisting of a thin layer of endothelial cells found in capillaries.
Tunica media: The middle layer, particularly thick in elastic arteries, contains smooth muscle and elastin for elasticity and strength.
Tunica externa: The outermost layer that provides structural support and a smooth surface to reduce resistance against blood flow.

Venous System Characteristics

Valves in veins: Present to facilitate blood return to the heart under low pressure, while arteries do not require valves as they are under higher pressure.
Venous return aids:
- Respiratory pump: Pressure changes in the thorax during breathing assist in venous return.
- Muscular pump: Contraction and relaxation of surrounding skeletal muscles compress veins and propel blood back to the heart.
Arteries vs. veins: Arteries have thicker walls due to the high pressure from blood being pumped directly into them.

Major Arteries and Veins

Brachiocephalic trunk: The arterial system has one; the venous system has two brachiocephalic veins.
Coronary arteries: Supply blood to the myocardium (heart muscle).
Carotid arteries: The external and internal carotid arteries supply blood to the head and brain.
Great saphenous vein: The longest vein in the lower limb.
Dorsalis pedis artery: Located on the dorsum (top) of the foot, important for measuring pulse.

Key Arterial Functions

Femoral artery: Main artery serving the thigh muscles.
Phrenic artery: Supplies blood to the diaphragm.
Brachial artery: Formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins.
Renal artery: Supplies the kidneys.
Hepatic veins: Drain blood from the liver.
Inferior mesenteric artery: Supplies the distal half of the large intestine.
Superior mesenteric artery: Supplies most of the small intestine.
Common carotid artery: Major artery serving tissues external to the skull.

Venous Drainage and Blood Pathways

Common iliac veins: Join to form the inferior vena cava.
Celiac trunk: An arterial trunk with three branches leading to the liver, spleen, and stomach.
Leg veins: Four key veins serve the leg - anterior tibial, fibular, and posterior tibial.
Radial artery: Commonly used for taking the pulse at the wrist.

Cerebral Circulation

Cerebral arterial circle: Provides alternate pathways for blood to reach the brain in case of impaired flow.
Anterior and middle cerebral arteries: Branch from the internal carotid artery, serving the cerebrum.

Blood Flow Pathways

Aorta to left occipital lobe: Blood flows from the subclavian artery to vertebral artery, basilar artery, and posterior cerebral artery.
Left to right thumb capillary beds: A detailed pathway through various veins and arteries, emphasizing the complexity of blood circulation.
From the mitral valve to tricuspid valve via the great toe: A thorough sequence showing the route blood takes from the heart to the lower limb and back.

These notes cover critical aspects of blood vessel anatomy and physiology important for understanding blood circulation and the associated structures in the human body.

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Description

Prepare for your lab exam with these flashcards focusing on blood vessels. Each card covers key terms such as tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa, essential for understanding vascular anatomy. This resource will help reinforce your knowledge about the structure and function of blood vessels.