Lab Equipment and Motion Detection Activities
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Questions and Answers

What technology does the motion detector use to measure an object's position?

  • Ultrasound (correct)
  • Laser
  • Magnetic
  • Infrared

    • The usable range of the motion detector is between 0.5 and 10 meters.

    False

    What is the software used to control the motion detector and display measurements?

    Logger Pro

    The motion detector emits ultrasonic pulses and detects the __________ from the target.

    <p>echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the lab equipment with their functions:

    <p>Wheeled cart = Moves along the track for motion experiments Lab jack = Adjusts the height of equipment Meter stick = Measures length or distance Protractor = Measures angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about setting up the motion detector is true?

    <p>There should be no obstructions in the path of the detector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To start a collection run with Logger Pro, you need to open the application and check the detector.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method should be used to ensure good data collection with the motion detector?

    <p>Avoid obstructions and position the detector correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the motion detector before starting the experiment?

    <p>Zero the detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable to let the cart slam into the bumper frequently.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance the cart should be from the motion detector?

    <p>0.15m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reverse the direction of the motion detector, you click on '____________' under Experiment.

    <p>Reverse Direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the action with its corresponding step:

    <p>Acquire first dataset = Begin data collection with the cart moving away Zero the detector = Place a piece of paper in front of the detector Store latest run = Save the recorded dataset Hide dataset = Make a dataset invisible on the screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is NOT necessary when acquiring data?

    <p>Pull the cart towards the sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cart can be pushed towards the sensor any time during the experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a graph indicates constant displacement while moving the cart?

    <p>Adjust the angle of the motion detector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To view statistics of your run, click on the button labeled '____________'.

    <p>STAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long will data collection continue before stopping automatically?

    <p>10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A graph can appear straight if the scale is too large.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if multiple datasets are stored and you want to see only the latest trial?

    <p>Hide the previous datasets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before drawing or recording displayed data, you should '__________' your data.

    <p>autoscale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the step with its purpose:

    <p>Check hardware = Ensure all equipment is functional Try acquiring data = Verify the setup works correctly View Data Statistics = Analyze the results of the run Sketch data = Document the experimental outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the generally-accepted value of downward acceleration due to gravity, g?

    <p>9.80 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effects of friction are assumed to bias the calculated value of g consistently for both uphill and downhill trials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to be justified regarding the calculated value of g?

    <p>The consistency of the calculated value with the generally-accepted value and the uncertainties involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To calculate the average acceleration along the track, divide the total change in velocity by the total time, expressed as _________.

    <p>acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the experiment with their purpose:

    <p>Average acceleration = Determines motion characteristics Inclination angle = Affects the force acting on the object Measured value of g = Comparison with accepted value Friction = Potential source of bias in results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the game described in Part B?

    <p>To reproduce a motion graph based on a verbal description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The talker team can use written instructions to help the movers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the movers try to achieve based on the talkers’ descriptions?

    <p>A graph that matches the original position vs.time plot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Part C, the team will utilize _____ to generate a graph during their experiments.

    <p>gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tasks with their corresponding groups:

    <p>Talkers = Describe the motion Movers = Reproduce the motion TA = Provide guidance LoggerPro = Display position and velocity graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plots are displayed on LoggerPro by default?

    <p>Position vs.Time and Velocity vs.Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable to reproduce the exact numerical values from the original graph.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to be sketched in the lab notebook during the experiment?

    <p>A sketch of the 'A' type plot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ should judge whether the motion created by the movers matches the original plot.

    <p>talkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the Position vs.Time or Velocity vs.Time graph is missing in LoggerPro?

    <p>Ask your TA for help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the talker team should see the initial plot received from the TA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key term that talkers should use to describe the motion.

    <p>Positive speed, negative speed, constant speed, starting position, or turning around point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of generating the motion for type 'C' plot involves _____ the track.

    <p>inclining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the TA checkpoint, what skills should the group demonstrate?

    <p>Ability to describe motion and interpret graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity Velocity = Speed in a given direction Position = Location of an object over time Time = Duration of an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to replicate the motion of the type 'D' plot?

    <p>Match acceleration vs. time with LoggerPro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cart moves downhill when one end of the track is raised.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded in the lab logbook after measuring the angle of the track?

    <p>The angle of the track relative to horizontal, along with the precision and uncertainty of the measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average acceleration during uphill motion is denoted as ______.

    <p>a_up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Position = Location of an object at a given time Velocity = Rate of change of position Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity Inclined plane = Surface that is raised at an angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During part C of the lab, why is it important to keep the track at a constant angle?

    <p>To maintain a constant acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After giving the cart a push uphill, you should keep your hand on the cart until it stops.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can be used to analyze the average acceleration of the cart during uphill or downhill motion?

    <p>Stats tool or LoggerPro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the experiment, the ______ graph displays how the position of the cart changes over time.

    <p>position vs. time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential physical reason why lifting one end of the track results in constant acceleration?

    <p>Gravity provides a consistent force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The velocities at the turn-around point can be easily observed on the velocity vs. time graph.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be sketched on the position vs. time plot to show the cart's motion?

    <p>The points where the cart was pushed, turned around, and stopped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the report, the average downhill acceleration is denoted as ______.

    <p>a_down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included on the graphs drawn in the report?

    <p>Title, labels with units, and key points annotated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lab Equipment

    • Motion Detector: Measures distance to target using ultrasound.
    • LabPro/LabQuest: Converts sensor signals to computer-readable format.
    • LoggerPro: Software controlling LabPro/LabQuest, displays data.
    • Lab Jack: Used to adjust the height of the track.
    • Meter Stick: Used to measure distances, has a 1m scale.
    • Protractor: Used to measure angles, has a 360-degree scale.

    Lab Activities: Motion Detection

    • Zeroing the Detector: Important before each experiment, place a piece of paper in front of the detector and select "Zero" from the "Experiment" menu.
    • Acquiring Data: Click the "Start" button to begin recording data.
    • Viewing Statistics: Use the "STAT" button to view data statistics.
    • Storing Data: Choose "Store Latest Run" from the Experiment menu.
    • Hiding Data Sets: Use the "Hide Data Set" option under the Data menu.
    • Autoscaling Data: Use the autoscale button or manually adjust the axes to view data at a useful scale.
    • Reversing Detector Direction: Select "Reverse Direction" under "Set Up Sensors" in the "Experiment" menu.

    Lab Activities: Describing and Duplicating Motion

    • Talkers: Describe the motion to the Movers based on a given Position-vs-Time graph.
    • Movers: Reproduce the described motion using the cart and LoggerPro.
    • Checkpoint #1: TA checks that the team can describe and reproduce motion accurately.
    • Recording Results: Make a sketch of the given graph, summarize the verbal instructions, and take a screenshot of the Movers' graph.
    • Swapping Roles: Talkers become Movers and vice versa.

    Lab Activities: Motion with Constant Acceleration

    • C1: Predict the acceleration-vs-time graph based on a given Position-vs-Time graph.
    • C2: Replicate a given acceleration-vs-time graph using a hand push.
    • C3: Replicate the motion using gravity by tilting the track.
    • C4: Launch the cart uphill, allowing it to reverse direction naturally.
    • C5: Measure the angle of the inclined track with a protractor.
    • C6 & C7: Analyze the average acceleration of the uphill and downhill motions.
    • C8: Sketch the Position, Velocity, and Acceleration graphs to scale, labeling key points like the push, turnaround, and stop.
    • Checkpoint #3 & #4: Show the TA all three graphs from C8, and answer questions about the turn-around point, acceleration, and uncertainties.

    Lab Conclusion Questions

    • Q1: Submit all raw data pages with TA signature and student names.
    • Q2: Describe the graphical relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration.
    • Q3: Report results for the "A" type plot:
      • Sketch the plot.
      • Summarize the talkers' instructions.
      • Include a screenshot of the Movers' graph.
    • Q4: Explain why a tilted track leads to constant acceleration, and what factors affect the acceleration value.
    • Q5: Plot/Sketch the Position-vs-Time, Velocity-vs-Time, and Acceleration-vs-Time graphs from Part C8, ensuring that the plots are created by hand or using a drawing program, not just a screenshot from LoggerPro.
    • Q6: Report the average uphill and downhill acceleration values with uncertainties.
    • Q7: Compare the uphill and downhill accelerations and determine if they're consistent.

    Question Analysis

    • Analyze the data to determine the consistency of the two accelerations.
    • Explore the physical reasons behind any differences or similarities in the accelerations observed.

    Average Acceleration Calculation

    • Use the values for acceleration up the incline (aup) and acceleration down the incline (adown) to calculate the average acceleration.
    • Remember to include uncertainties in all calculations.

    Gravitational Acceleration Calculation

    • Use the average acceleration and the measured inclination angle of the track to determine the downward acceleration due to gravity (g).

    Consistency with Accepted Value

    • Compare the calculated value of g with the generally accepted value of 9.80 m/s².
    • Justify the consistency or inconsistency by considering both the measured value and the uncertainties involved.

    Impact of Friction

    • Evaluate the potential bias introduced by friction on the calculated value of g.
    • Determine if friction would create a positive or negative bias in the calculated value or explain why it wouldn't impact the result.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential lab equipment used for motion detection experiments, including the Motion Detector and LoggerPro software. It also details various lab activities such as zeroing the detector, acquiring data, and viewing statistics. Perfect for students learning about data collection and analysis in a physics lab setting.

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