Grasp Training Experiment 2
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Questions and Answers

What was the duration of the grasp training in Experiment 2?

  • 4 minutes
  • 8 minutes
  • 10 minutes
  • 6 minutes (correct)

In the motion-detection task, what was measured to assess participant performance?

  • Mean confidence rating of task completion
  • Mean percentage of signal dots at motion-coherence threshold (correct)
  • Mean number of errors made during the task
  • Mean time taken to complete each task

What two hand-posture conditions were used during the tasks in Experiment 2?

  • Little-fingers-near and hands-far (correct)
  • Open and closed
  • Standard and extended
  • Thumbless and fingertip

What is indicated by the error bars representing ±1 SEM in the results?

<p>Variability of scores calculated within subjects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of grasp do participants typically use for precision tasks?

<p>Precision grasp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the tasks did participants engage in after the grasp training?

<p>Both motion and form tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did participants do before receiving instructions for the next target location?

<p>Paused for a brief rest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship was examined in Experiment 1 regarding visual processing?

<p>The impact of hand posture on motion detection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determined whether the signal dots in the task were arranged into a radial or concentric pattern?

<p>Random determination across trials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did participants engage in the grasp-training task?

<p>6 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hand posture was adopted for half of the blocks during the experiment?

<p>Backs of hands near (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis was conducted on the participants' scores?

<p>Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant findings of the analysis regarding time and performance?

<p>Significant main effect of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a factor analyzed in the study?

<p>Participants' age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were participants instructed to do at the beginning of each block of the experiment?

<p>Maintain the appropriate posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many blocks of each task did participants perform before and after the grasp training?

<p>Eight blocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of grasp led to increased temporal sensitivity in Experiment 1?

<p>Power grasp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant interaction identified in the research?

<p>Three-way interaction of task, hand posture, and experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ηp2 represent in this context?

<p>Effect size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did training with different grasps have on participants?

<p>Changes in processing stimuli near their hands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grasp training led to increased spatial sensitivity in Experiment 2?

<p>Precision grasp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of training session was shown to create a new zone of grasping space?

<p>A brief training session (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key findings regarding visual processing after training?

<p>Visual processing was evaluated in an affordance-specific manner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of visual information did the power grasp training specifically bias processing toward?

<p>Increased contribution from high-temporal-resolution visual information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific enhancement was observed in participants after training with their little fingers?

<p>Improved spatial sensitivity near the little fingers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of grasp posture was associated with enhanced processing of temporal visual information?

<p>Power-grasp posture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result for fine detail-oriented actions after training?

<p>Improved fine spatial sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does recent action experience affect visual processing according to the findings?

<p>It enhances processing relevant to practiced grasp affordances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research suggest about the relationship between vision and action?

<p>There is a strong mutual influence between them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two types of tasks involved in Experiment 2?

<p>Motion detection and form perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the plasticity of the visual-processing system indicate?

<p>It can adapt based on learned actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cross talk' refer to in the context of the findings?

<p>Interaction between visual processing and hand movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as necessary for future work regarding visual biases in perihand space?

<p>Investigating neural underpinnings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor must be considered in any theory regarding altered vision near the hands?

<p>Action experience and affordances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the current results suggest regarding performance differences between hands-near and hands-far postures?

<p>No performance differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for the content of the article?

<p>L.E. Thomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT mentioned as a contribution to data collection?

<p>Laura Novick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict regarding authorship did the author declare?

<p>No conflicts of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the referenced study by Brockmole et al. (2013) investigate?

<p>Effects of hand posture on visual cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the research described in the content?

<p>The relationship between hand position and visual perception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research suggest about the role of hand position in visual perception?

<p>Hand position alters vision by using different pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effects of body posture on reading?

<p>Posture can impact reading when there is a meaningful context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which visual pathway contributions have been studied in relation to visual perception near the hands?

<p>Parvocellular and magnocellular pathways contribute uniquely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study found that sensitivity to perceptual illusions with awkward grasps decreases with practice?

<p>Gonzalez et al. (2008) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding open data practices is true?

<p>Open data practices enhance transparency in research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Action Experience Biases Processing' imply about joint action?

<p>It shows that vision is biased by our own actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does practice play in sensitivity to visual illusions for different hands?

<p>Right hand practice enhances sensitivity in visual illusions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding visual perception alterations?

<p>Visual perception can dynamically change based on hand position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Glass pattern

The type of pattern formed by dots, either radial or concentric, that participants were asked to identify in a perception task.

Global motion detection task

A task where participants are asked to judge the direction of global motion from a set of moving dots. Participants had to decide if the motion is rotating clockwise, counterclockwise, or is not moving at all.

Global form perception task

A task where participants are asked to identify the overall shape formed by a set of static dots. For instance, whether the dots form a radial or concentric pattern.

Hand posture

A specific hand posture that participants were required to adopt while performing the tasks. One posture involved placing the backs of hands together close to the body, another involved placing the hands far apart.

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Stimulus duration

How long participants had to try to identify the pattern or motion in the task (visual stimulus).

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Grasp training

The experiment involved two training phases, one for a novel power grasp and one for a novel precision grasp. Participants were given a short period to practice grabbing objects using a specific hand posture.

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Hypothesis

The experiment was designed to determine if training on a specific grasp pattern influences the results of the motion detection and form perception tasks.

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Counterbalancing

The experiment used a counterbalanced order to ensure that any observed changes were due to the training and not the order of the tasks.

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Fine spatial sensitivity

The ability to perceive small details in an image, such as identifying the shapes and patterns formed by dots.

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Power grasp

A type of hand movement used to grasp objects that requires strength and speed, like lifting something heavy.

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Precision grasp

A type of hand movement used to grasp objects that requires precision and control, like holding a pen.

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Global motion perception

The ability to perceive the overall motion of multiple moving objects, such as identifying the direction a flock of birds is flying.

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Action-driven visual processing

The influence of recent actions on visual processing, particularly near the hands, making certain information more prominent.

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Brain plasticity

The study of how the brain learns and adapts to new experiences, resulting in changes in behavior and cognitive processes.

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Visual processing weighting

The extent to which the visual system focuses on information relevant to the current task or action, like prioritizing details needed for a specific grasp.

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Motion Detection Task

A task designed to test a participant's ability to perceive the direction of movement in a field of dots.

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Visual system plasticity

The phenomenon where the visual system becomes more sensitive to specific visual information after training in a related task, such as better spatial perception after precision grasp training.

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Form Perception Task

A task designed to test a participant's ability to identify the overall shape formed by a set of dots.

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Motion Coherence Threshold

The percentage of dots that have to be moving in a specific direction for the participant to correctly identify the direction of movement in the motion detection task.

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Form Coherence Threshold

The percentage of dots that need to be arranged in a specific pattern for the participant to correctly identify the pattern in the form-perception task.

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Near-Hand Bias

The tendency to favor information presented near the hands when performing tasks.

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Temporal Sensitivity

The ability to distinguish the timing of events.

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Spatial Sensitivity

The ability to differentiate details within a visual scene.

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Motor-Driven Plasticity in Visual Processing

A state of plasticity in the visual system, showing that training can quickly alter how we perceive information near our hands.

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Experiment

A study involving two experiments, where participants trained on different novel grasps and their visual sensitivity was assessed.

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Perihand space

The region of space around the hands, which is visually affected by the presence of hands.

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Action experience

Changes to how we perceive the world due to our actions, such as reaching for objects.

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Affordances

The potential uses of an object based on its shape and properties.

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Altered vision near the hands theory

The idea that our vision near the hands is influenced by the way we use our hands.

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Hands-near & hands-far postures

Two hand postures were used in the experiment, one with the backs of the hands together near the body, and another with the hands far apart.

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Grasp training effect

The experiment investigated whether training on specific hand movements (grasps) affects performance on visual tasks.

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Performance differences

The experiment tested whether participants performed differently on visual tasks depending on their hand posture.

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Theory of altered vision near the hands

The study's results suggest that the altered vision near the hands theory needs to consider action experience and affordances to be fully understood.

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Visual sensitivity

How sensitive we are to specific features in an image, such as the ability to detect small details or distinguish subtle changes in motion.

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Attention affects visual processing

The influence of our attention on visual processing. This means that we tend to pay more attention to things that are relevant to our current actions or goals.

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Study Notes

Action Experience Drives Visual-Processing Biases Near the Hands

  • Observers have biases in visual processing for objects near their hands.
  • The mechanism that tunes visual cognition to facilitate actions is unknown.
  • Visual biases near the hands are plastic, adapting to learned grasp affordances.

Experiments

  • Experiment 1: Participants performed motion-detection and form-perception tasks with hands near the display in a power-grasp posture, or in their laps. Participants practiced a power grasp using the backs of their hands.

    • Enhanced temporal sensitivity was observed for stimuli viewed near the back of the hands after training.

  • Experiment 2: Participants performed similar tasks, but practiced a precision grasp using the tips of their little fingers.

    • Enhanced spatial sensitivity was observed for stimuli viewed near the tips of the little fingers after training.

Keywords

  • Visual processing
  • Plasticity
  • Action affordances
  • Open data

Method

  • Participants performed global-motion-detection and global-form-perception tasks.
  • Tasks were presented using MATLAB and Psychophysics Toolbox.
  • Stimuli were presented on a monitor.
  • Participants reported their responses verbally.
  • Motion and form thresholds were determined using staircase procedures.
  • Participants adopted different hand postures (near the display, in their laps).
  • Some groups trained to perform specific novel grasp affordances (power grasp, precision grasp).

Results

  • Experiment 1: Training with the power grasp led to enhanced temporal sensitivity in the hands-near condition.
  • Experiment 2: Training with the precision grasp led to enhanced spatial sensitivity in the little-fingers-near condition
  • No significant changes in either experiment for stimuli viewed far from the hands.

Discussion

  • Recent action experience can alter visual processing near the hands.
  • Training to perform different grasp types results in experience-based changes in the visual system.
  • Visual biases relating to hands' common actions (power grasp, precision grasp) are important in the visual system.

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Related Documents

Action Experience Drives Visual-Processing Biases Near the Hands PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the key elements of Experiment 2 in the grasp training study, including participant performance metrics and hand-posture conditions. This quiz covers various aspects of the experiment's methodology and findings.

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